2002 in paleontology

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Paleontology, palaeontology or [palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2002.

Plants

Gymnosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Ginkgo dissecta[2]	Sp nov	Valid	Mustoe	Early Eocene	McAbee site, Kamloops Group	Canada
Pinus matthewsii[3]	Sp nov	Valid	McKown, Stockey, & Schweger	Pliocene	Ch'ijee's Bluff, Bluefish Basin	Canada

Angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Hymenaea mexicana[4]	sp nov	Valid	Poinar & Brown	Late Oligocene - early Miocene	Mexican amber	Mexico	A species of Hymenaea, producer of Mexican amber
Trifurcatua flabellata[5]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Mohr & Rydin	Lower Cretaceous	Crato Formation	Brazil	putative monocot

Arthropods

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Cretomerobius wehri[6]	Sp nov.	valid	Makarkin, Archibald, Oswald	Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA	A hemerobiid lacewing, a second species of Cretomerobius
Wesmaelius mathewesi[6]	sp. nov	valid	Makarkin, Archibald, Oswald	Ypresian	Coldwater Formation	Canada	first description of fossil Wesmaelius

Archosauromorphs

Dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[7]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Agnosphitys[8]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Fraser, Padian, Walkden, & Davis	late Triassic		England	A possible chimera	Agnosphitys cromhallensis
Anabisetia[9]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Coria & Calvo	Late Cretaceous	Cerro Lisandro Formation	Argentina	An Iguanodont	Anabisetia saldiviai
Aucasaurus[10]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Coria, Chiappe, & Dingus	Santonian	Anacleto Formation	Argentina	An Abelisaurid	Aucasaurus garridoi
"Byranjaffia"[11]	gen nov	Nomen nudum	Novacek	Late Cretaceous		Mongolia	Officially named Byronosaurus
Crichtonsaurus[12]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Dong	Late Cretaceous	Sunjiawan Formation	China	An ankylosaurid
"Cryptovolans"[13]	gen et sp nov	Junior synonym	Czerkas, Zhang, Li, & Li	Aptian	Jiufotang Formation	China	Jr synonym of Microraptor
"Epidendrosaurus"[14]	gen et sp nov	junior synonym	Zhang, Zhou, Xu, & Wang	Late Jurassic	Yixian Formation	China	jr synonym of Scansoriopteryx
Erliansaurus[15]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Xu et al	Late Cretaceous	Iren Dabasu Formation	Mongolia	A Therizinosauroid	Erliansaurus bellamanus
"Fusinasus"[16]	gen et sp nov	Junior synonym of Eotyrannus	Hutt	Early Cretaceous	Wessex Formation	England	Jr synonym of Eotyrannus
"Huaxiasaurus"		Nomen nudum	Rey				Officially named Huaxiagnathus in 2004
Incisivosaurus[17]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Xu, Wang, & Chang	Barremian	Yixian Formation	China	An Oviraptorosaurid
Liaoceratops[18]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Xu et al	Berremian	Yixian Formation	China	A Ceratopsian	Liaoceratops yanzigouensis
Pycnonemosaurus[19]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Kellner & Campos	Bauru-type red conglomerate sandstone	Maastrichtian	Brazil	An Abelisaurid
Scansoriopteryx[20]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Czerkas & Yuan	Late Jurassic	Yixian Formation	China	Possible junior synonym of Epidendrosaurus
Sinovenator[21]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Xu et all	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A Troodontid

Newly named birds

Name	Status	Novelty	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Adelalopus hoogbutseliensis [22]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr Richard Smith	Early Oligocene	MP 21	Belgium:  Flemish Brabant	A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. This is the type species of the new genus.
Aegialornis germanicus [23]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Jirí Mlíkovský	Middle Eocene	MP 12	Germany:  Saxony-Anhalt	An Apodiformes, Aegialornithidae Lydekker, 1891.
Archaeotrogon nocturnus [23]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Jirí Mlíkovský	Eocene or Early Oligocene	Phosphorites du Quercy, MP 16-28	France	An Apodiformes, Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980.
Athene trinacriae [24]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Marco Pavia Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Pleistocene	Sicily	Italia:  Sicily	A Strigidae.
Belonopterus downsi [25]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	La Brea Tar Pits	USA:  California	A Charadriidae.
Camusia quintanai [26]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Bartomeu Seguí	Vroeg-Midden Plioceen	Balearic Islands, Minorca, MN 15-16	Spain:  Minorca	A Gruidae.
Cathayornis aberransis [27]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai Zhou Zhonghe Zhang F. Gu Y.	Early Cretaceous	Valanginian, Jiufotang Formation	China	A Cathayornithidae Zhou, Jin et Zhang, 1992.
Cimolopteryx petra [28]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Sylvia Hope	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian, Lance Formation	USA:  Wyoming	A Cimolopterygidae Brodkorb, 1963, transferred to the new genus Lamarqueavis Agnolin, 2010 by Federico Agnolin in 2010.[29]
Collocalia manuoi [30]	Valid	Sp. nov.	David W. Steadman	Quaternary	Mangaia, Cook Islands	Cook Islands	An Apodidae.
Colymboides belgicus [22]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr Richard Smith	Early Oligocene	MP 21	Belgium:  Flemish Brabant	A Gaviidae.
Delphinornis arctowskii [31]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Andrzej Myrcha Pjotr Jadwiszczak Claudia P. Tambussi Jorge I. Noriega Andrzej Gazdzicki Andrzej Tatur Rodolpho A. Del Valle	Eocene	La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island	Antarctica	A Spheniscidae.
Delphinornis gracilis [31]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Andrzej Myrcha Pjotr Jadwiszczak Claudia P. Tambussi Jorge I. Noriega Andrzej Gazdzicki Andrzej Tatur Rodolpho A. Del Valle	Eocene	La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island	Antarctica	A Spheniscidae.
Enaliornis seeleyi [32]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Peter M. Galton Larry D. Martin	Early Cretaceous	Cambridge	UK:  England	An Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Enaliornithidae Fürbringer, 1888.
Eocathayornis walkeri [33]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Zhou Zhonghe	Early Cretaceous	Valanginian, Jiufotang Formation	China	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981.
Giganhinga kiyuensis [34]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Andrés Rinderknecht Jorge I. Noriega	Pliocene-Pleistocene	San José Formation	Uruguay	An Anhingidae.
Gigantohierax suarezi [35]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Oscar Arredondo Carlos Arredondo	Quaternary	Cave deposits	Cuba	An Accipitridae.
Halimornis thompsoni [36]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Luis M. Chiappe James P. Lamb Per G. P. Ericson	Late Cretaceous	Early-Middle Campanian, Mooreville Chalk Formation	USA:  Alabama	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002.
Hesperornis bairdi [37]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Larry D. Martin Jong-Deock Lim	Late Cretaceous	Campanian, Pierre Shale Formation	USA:  South Dakota	A Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872.
Hesperornis chowi [37]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Larry D. Martin Jong-Deock Lim	Late Cretaceous	Campanian, Pierre Shale Formation	USA:  South Dakota	A Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872.
Hesperornis macdonaldi [37]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Larry D. Martin Jong-Deock Lim	Late Cretaceous	Campanian, Pierre Shale Formation	USA:  South Dakota	A Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872.
Hesperornis mengeli [37]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Larry D. Martin Jong-Deock Lim	Late Cretaceous	Campanian, Pierre Shale Formation	Canada:  Manitoba	A Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872.
?Idiornis anthracinus [38]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	MP 13	Germany  Saxony-Anhalt	An Idiornithidae Brodkorb, 1965. The genus Idiornis Oberholser, 1899 is placed in synonymy with Dynamopterus Milne-Edwards, 1892 by Mourer-Chauviré, 2013 [39]
Jeholornis prima [40]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Zhou Zhonghe Zhang Fucheng	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A Jeholornithidae Zhou et Zhang, 2006.
Jiliniornis huadianensis [41]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai Per G. P. Ericson	Middle Eocene	Huadian Formation	China	A Charadriidae.
Jinzhouornis yixianensis [27]	Valid ?	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai Zhou Zhonghe Zhang F. Gu Y.	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A Confuciusornithidae L. H. Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995. This is the type species of the new genus. Possibly a synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995.
Jinzhouornis zhangjiyingia [27]	Valid ?	Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai Zhou Zhonghe Zhang F. Gu Y.	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A Confuciusornithidae L. H. Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995. Possibly a synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995.
Jixiangornis orientalis [42]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Ji Qiang Ji Shuan Zhang Hongbin You Hailu Zhang Jianping Wang Lixia Yuan Chongxi Ji Xinxin	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	An Avialae Gauthier, 1986.
Larus utunui [43]	Valid	Sp. nov.	David W. Steadman	Subrecent	Huahine, Society Islands	French Polynesia	A Laridae.
Marambiornis exilis [31]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Andrzej Myrcha Pjotr Jadwiszczak Claudia P. Tambussi Jorge I. Noriega Andrzej Gazdzicki Andrzej Tatur Rodolpho A. Del Valle	Eocene	Seymour Island La Meseta Formation,	Antarctica	A Spheniscidae.
Masillastega rectirostris [44]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr	Early Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Sulidae.
Mesetaornis polaris [31]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Andrzej Myrcha Pjotr Jadwiszczak Claudia P. Tambussi Jorge I. Noriega Andrzej Gazdzicki Andrzej Tatur Rodolpho A. Del Valle	Eocene	Seymour Island La Meseta Formation,	Antarctica	A Spheniscidae.
Miodytes serbicus [45]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Vesna Dimitreijevich Erika Gál Eugen Kessler	Early Miocene	Valjevo Basin	Serbia	A Podicipedidae.
Novacaesareala hungerfordi [46]	Valid	Gen nov. et Sp. nov.	David C. Parris Sylvia Hope	Late Cretaceous	Latest Maastrichtian or Earliest Danian, Hornerstown Formations	USA:  New Jersey	A ?Torotigidae Brodkorb, 1963.
Oligosylphe mourerchauvireae [22]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr Richard Smith	Early Oligocene	MP 21	Belgium:  Flemish Brabant	A Piciformes, Sylphornithidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1988.
Omnivoropteryx sinousaorum [47]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Stephen A. Czerkas Qiang Ji	Early Cretaceous	Jiufutang Formation	China	An Omvivoropterygidae Czerkas and Qiang Ji, 2002.
Oxyura doksana [23]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Jirí Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 4b	Czech Republic	An Anatidae.
Paraortygoides radagasti [48]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gareth J. Dyke Bonnie E. Gulas	Early Eocene	Walton-on-the-Naze London Clay	UK:  England	A Gallinuloididae Lucas, 1900.
Parasarcoramphus milneedwardsi [49]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Middle Eocene-Late Oligocene	Phosphorites du Quercy	Quercy,  France	A Cathartidae.
Plesiocathartes geiselensis [50]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	MP 13	Germany  Saxony-Anhalt	A Leptosomidae.
Plesiocathartes kelleri [51]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany  Hessen	A ?Leptosomidae.
Polarornis gregorii [52]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Sankar Chatterjee	Late Cretaceous	Seymour Island	Antarctica	A Gaviidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Sapeornis chaoyangensis [53]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Zhou Zhonghe Zhang Fucheng	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A Sapeornithidae Zhou, 2006. This is the type species of the new genus.
Septentrogon madseni [54]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Anette V. Kristoffersen	Late Paleocene-Early Eocene	Fur Formation	Denmark	A Trogonidae. This is the type species of the new genus.
Shenzhouraptor sinensis [55]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Ji Qiang Ji Shuan You Hailu Zhang Jianping Yuan Chonxi Ji Xinxin Li Jinglu Li Yinzian	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	An Avialae. This is the type species of the new genus. When you enter "Discovery of an Avialae Bird from China, Shenzhouraptor sinensis gen. et sp. nov." in google you get the pdf.
Spheniscus urbinai [56]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Marcello Stucchi	Late Miocene-Early Pliocene	Pisco Formation	Peru	A Spheniscidae.
Taubatornis campbelli [57]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Storrs L. Olson Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga	Late Oligocene or Early Miocene	Tremembé Formation	Brazil	A Teratornithidae Miller, 1909, this is the type species of the new genus.
Teratornis olsoni [58]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Oscar Arredondo Carlos Arredondo	Pleistocene	Cave deposits	Cuba	A Teratornithidae Miller, 1909. Transferred to the new genus Oscaravis Suárez et Olson, 2009. by William Suárez Duque & Storrs Lovejoy Olson, they made it the type species of the new genus.[59]
Teratornis woodburnensis [60]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Kenneth E. Campbell Alison T. Stenger	Late Pleistocene	± -12.760-12.050 BP	USA:  Oregon	A Teratornithidae Miller, 1909. If you search "A New Teratorn (Aves: Teratornithidae) from the Upper Pleistocene of Oregon" on google, you find the pdf
Teviornis gobiensis [61]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin Gareth J. Dyke Alexandr A. Karhu	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian, Nemegt Formation	Mongolia	A Presbyornithidae Wetmore, 1926. This is the type species of the new genus.
Tyto cyrneichnusae [62]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Antoine Louchart	Late Pleistocene	Corsica; Sardinia	France:  Corsica;  Italy:  Sardinia	A Tytonidae.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors	Notes
Edgarosaurus	Valid	Druckenmiller
Kaiwhekea	Valid	Cruickshank Fordyce
Vinialesaurus	Valid	Gasparini Bardet Vinent Iturralde

Pterosaurs

In October, a partial Mesadacylus wing was discovered in the Kingsview Quarry of Colorado.^[63] This find marks the first time that a Morrison pterosaur has been found at more than one site in the formation.^[63]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Austriadactylus	gen et sp nov	Valid	Dalla Vecchia, Wild, & Reitner	Late Triassic	Seefelder Beds	Austria
Hatzegopteryx[64]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Buffetaut, Grigorescu, & Csiki	Late Cretaceous	Densuș-Ciula Formation	Romania	possibly a jr synonym of Quetzalcoatlus	Hatzegopteryx
Jeholopterus	gen et sp nov	Valid	Wang & Zhou	Late Jurassic	Daohugou Beds	China		Jeholopterus ninchengensis
Piksi	gen et sp nov	Valid	Varricchio	Late Cretaceous	Two Medicine Formation	United States	At first thought to be a bird, but subsequently reinterpreted as a pterosaur, likely a member of Ornithocheiroidea.[65]
Pterorhynchus	gen et sp nov	Valid	Czerkas & Ji	Late Jurassic	Daohugou Beds	China
Thalassodromeus	gen et sp nov	Valid	Kellner & Campos	early Cretaceous	Santana Formation	Brazil		Thalassodromeus sethi
Utahdactylus	gen et sp nov	Valid	Czerkas & Mickelson	Late Jurassic	Morrison Formation, Utah	USA

Lepidosauromorphs

Newly named Squamates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
"Lakumasaurus"[66]	Gen et sp nov	Jr synonym	Novas et al	Late Campanian	Santa Marta Formation	Antarctica	Genus synonymized in 2007 with Taniwhasaurus	Taniwhasaurus antarcticus

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Criocephalosaurus[67]	gen nov	Valid	Kammerer & Sidor	Upper Permian		South Africa	A dinocephalian. Replacement name for Criocephalus Broom, 1928, preoccupied by Criocephalus Mulsant 1839.
Kitchinganomodon[68]	Gen nov	Valid	Maisch	Upper Permian		South Africa	A dicynodont. New genus for "Platycyclops" crassus Broom, 1948.
Kwazulusaurus[69]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Maisch	Upper Permian	Beaufort Group	South Africa	A dicynodont. The type species is Kwazulusaurus shakai.
Lanthanocephalus[70]	gen et sp nov	Preoccupied	Modesto, Rubidge, & Welman	Upper Permian	Koonap Formation	South Africa	Genus preoccupied by Lanthanocephalus Williams & Starmer, 2000, moved to the replacement Lanthanostegus in 2003
Neotrirachodon[71]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Tatarinov	Middle Triassic	Donguz Formation	Russia	A cynodont. The type species is Neotrirachodon expectatus.
Ruhuhucerberus[72]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Maisch	Upper Permian	Kawinga Formation	Tanzania	A gorgonopsian. The type species is Ruhuhucerberus terror.
Titanogorgon[72]	gen nov	Valid	Maisch	Upper Permian	Kawinga Formation	Tanzania	A gorgonopsian. New genus for "Gorgonognathus" maximus von Huene, 1950.

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