2004 in paleontology

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Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2004.

Protozoa

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Paleoleishmania[2]	Valid	Poinar & Poinar	Albian	Burmese amber, Myanmar	Myanmar	Oldest record of the protozoan family Trypanosomatidae

Fungi

newly named

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Appianoporites[3]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Smith, Currah, & Stockey	Eocene	Appian Way Flora.	Canada	Extinct bracket fungus
Quatsinoporites[3]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Smith, Currah, & Stockey	Barremian (Cretaceous)	Longarm Formation.	Canada	Extinct bracket fungus.

Plants

newly named

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Neviusia dunthornei[4]	Sp nov	Valid	DeVore, Moore, Pigg, & Wehr	Ypresian	Allenby Formation.	Canada	oldest and only extinct species of Neviusia

Arthropoda

newly named arachnids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
?Anyphops cortex[5]	sp nov	jr synonym[6]	Wunderlich	Unknown	Madagascar copal	Madagascar	jr Synonym of Garcorops jadis
Garcorops jadis[7]	sp nov	Valid	Bosselaers	Unknown	Madagascar copal	Madagascar	Possibly extant, but copal age is not determined

Newly named insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Afromyrma[8]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn	Turonian		Botswana	A Myrmicin ant, type species A. petrosa
Afropone[8]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn	Turonian		Botswana	A ponerin ant, two species
Albicoccus[9]	Fam, gen et sp nov	valid	Koteja	Albian - Cenomanian	Burmese amber	Myanmar	A scale insect, monotypic with Albicoccidae & A. dimai
Burmacoccus[9]	Fam, gen et sp nov	valid	Koteja	Albian - Cenomanian	Burmese amber	Myanmar	A scale insect, monotypic with Burmacoccidae & B. danyi
Electrostephanus janzeni[10]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Engel	Lutetian	Baltic Amber	Europe	A stephanid wasp
Gerontoformica[11]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Nel & Perrault	Albian - Cenomanian	Charentese amber	France	A stem group ant, type species G. cretacica	Gerontoformica cretacica
Marmyan[9]	gen et sp nov	valid	Koteja	Cenomanian	Burmese amber	Myanmar	A scale insect, monotypic M. barbarae
Microberotha[12]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Archibald	Ypresian	Hat Creek Amber	Canada	A Berothid lacewing

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[13]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Atrociraptor[14]		Valid	Currie & Varricchio	Edmontonian	Horseshoe Canyon Formation	Canada
Bissektipelta[15]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Parish & Barrett	Cenomanian-Turonian	Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan
Bonatitan[16]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Martinelli & Forasiepi	Late Cretaceous	Bajo de Santa Rosa	Brazil
Bonitasaura[17]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Apesteguía	late Cretaceous	Bajo de la Carpa Formation	Argentina
Borealosaurus[18]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	You, Ji, Lamanna, Li, & Li	late Cretaceous	Sunjiawan Formation	China
Dilong[19]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Xu, Norell, Kuang, Wang, Zhao, & Jia	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China		Dilong
Ekrixinatosaurus[20]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Calvo, Rubilar-Rogers, & Moreno	Late Cretaceous	Candeleros Formation	Argentina
Graciliraptor[21]		Valid	Xing & Wang	Barremian	Yixian Formation	China
Huaxiagnathus[22]		Valid	Hwang, Norell, Ji, & Gao	Barremian	Yixian Formation	China		Huaxiagnathus
Kerberosaurus[23]		Valid	Bolotsky & Godefroit	Late Cretaceous		Russia
Limaysaurus[24]		Valid	Salgado, Garrido, Cocca, & Cocca		Argentina
Mei[25]		Valid	Xu & Norell	Barremian	Yixian Formation	China
Mirischia[26]		Valid	Naish, Martill, & Frey	Albian	Santana Formation	Brazil
"Nemegtia"[27]		Preoccupied name	Lü, Tomida, Azuma, Dong, Lee, & Szczechura				Renamed Nemegtomaia
Otogosaurus		Nomen nudum	Zhao & Tan
Prenoceratops[28]		Valid	Chinnery
Rugops[29]		Valid		Sereno, Wilson, & Conrad				Rugops
Sinusonasus[30]		Valid		Xu, & Wang	Barremian	Yixian Formation	China
Spinostropheus[29]		Valid	Sereno, Wilson & Conrad	Middle Jurassic	Irhazer Group	Niger	A ceratosaur; new genus for "Elaphrosaurus" gautieri Lapparent 1960.
Suuwassea[31]		Valid	Harris & Dodson	Kimmeridgian	Morrison Formation	United States
Talenkauen[32]		Valid		Novas, Cambiaso, & Ambrosio
Tazoudasaurus[33]		Valid		Allain et al
Unaysaurus[34]		Valid		Leal, Azevedo, Kellner, & Da Rosa

Other archosauromorphs

Name	Status	Authors		Notes	Images
Crosbysaurus[35]	Valid non-dinosaurian taxon.	Heckert
Protecovasaurus[36]	Valid non-dinosaurian taxon.	Heckert

Newly named birds

Name	Status	Novelty	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Aberratiodontus wui [37]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Gong Enpu Hou Lianhai Wang Lixia	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, the type species of Aberratiodontus Gong, Hou & Wang, 2004.
Anserpica kiliani [38]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré Didier Berthet Marguerite Hugueney	Late Oligocene, Early Miocene	MP 29	France	An Anseranatidae, the type species of Anserpica Mourer-Chauviré, Berthet & Hugueney, 2004.
Bavaripsitta ballmanni [39]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr Ursula B. Göhlich	Middle Miocene	Mn 6	Germany:  Bavaria	A Psittacidae, the type species of Bavaripsitta Mayr & Göhlich, 2004.
Borvocarbo guilloti [38]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré Didier Berthet Marguerite Hugueney	Late Oligocene, Early Miocene	MP 30, MN 1	France;  Germany	A Phalacrocoracidae, the type species of Borvocarbo Mourer-Chauviré, Berthet & Hugueney, 2004.
?Colymboides metzleri [40]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr	Early Oligocene	Rupelian	Germany:  Baden-Württemberg;  Belgium:  Antwerp	A Gaviidae, not certain a species of Colymboides Milne-Edwards, 1868.
Eurotrochilus inexpectatus [41]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr	Early Oligocene	Rupelian	Germany:  Baden-Württemberg	A Trochilidae, the type species of Eurotrochilus Mayr, 2004.
Iaceornis marshi [42]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Julia A. Clarke	Late Cretaceous	Niobrara Formation	USA:  Kansas	An Ornithurae, the type species of Iaceornis Clarke, 2004.
Longirostravis hani [43]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai Luis M. Chiappe Zhang Fucheng Chuong Cheng-Ming	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	An Enantiornithes, Euenantiornithes, the type species of Longirostravis Hou, Chiappe, Zhang et Chuong, 2004.
Meridiocichla salotti [44]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Antoine Louchart	Late Quaternary	Corsica, Crete	France:  Corsica;  Greece	A Turdidae, the type species of Meridiocichla Louchart, 2004.
Miopica paradoxa [45]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin Denis V. Sobolev	Miocene	Middle Meothis MN 10	Ukraine	A Corvidae, the type species of Miopica Kurochkin & Sobolev, 2004.
Mirolia brevirostrata [46]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Peter Ballmann	Middle Miocene	MN 6	Germany:  Bavaria	A Scolopacidae, the type species of Mirolia Ballmann, 2004.
Mirolia dubia [46]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Peter Ballmann	Middle Miocene	MN 6	Germany:  Bavaria	A Scolopacidae.
?Mirolia mascalidris [46]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Peter Ballmann	Middle Miocene	MN 6	Germany:  Bavaria	A Scolopacidae, not certain to belong in Mirolia Ballmann, 2004.
Mirolia parvula [46]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Peter Ballmann	Middle Miocene	MN 6	Germany:  Bavaria	A Scolopacidae.
Primobucco frugilegus [47]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr Cécile Mourer-Chauviré Ilka Weidig	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Primobucconidae Feduccia et Martin, 1976.
Primobucco perneri [47]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gerald Mayr Cécile Mourer-Chauviré Ilka Weidig	Middle Eocene	Messel pit MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Primobucconidae Feduccia et Martin, 1976.
Ramphastosula ramirezi [48]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Marcelo Stucchi Mario Urbina	Early Pliocene	Pisco Formation	Peru	A Sulidae, the type species of Ramphastosula Stucchi & Urbina, 2004.
Tyto mourerchauvireae [49]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Marco Pavia	Early-Middle Pleistocene	Sicily	Italy:  Sicily	A Tytonidae.
Vescornis hebeiensis [50]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Zhang Fucheng Per G.P. Ericson Zhou Zhonghe	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	An Enentiornithes Walker, 1981, this is the type species of the new genus, most probably a junior synonym of Hebeiornis fengningensis Yan, 1999.
Vitirallus watlingi [51]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Trevor H. Worthy	Holocene	Viti Levu	Fiji	A Rallidae, the type species of Vitirallus Worthy, 2004.
Wingegyps cartellei [52]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga Storrs L. Olson	Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene	Gruta dos Brejões	Brazil	A Cathartidae, the type species of Wingegyps Alvarenga & Olson, 2004.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Name Status Authors Notes Plesiopterys Valid O'Keefe

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Avgodectes Valid Peters Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation  China A pterosaur hatchling. Cacibupteryx Valid Gasparini Fernández de la Fuente Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) Jagua Formation  Cuba A rhamphorhynchid. "Daitingopterus" Nomen Nudum Maisch Matzke Ge Sun Late Jurassic (Tithonian) Solnhofen Limestone  Germany A germanodactylid. Lonchognathosaurus Valid Maisch, M.W., Matzke, A.T., and Ge Sun Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Lianmuqin Formation  China A dsungaripterid.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name	Status	Authors	Discovery year	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Ianthodon[53]	Valid	Kissel Reisz				USA
Lobalopex[54]	Valid	Sidor Hopson Keyser				South Africa
Progalesaurus[55]	Valid	Sidor Smith				South Africa
Pyozia[56]	Valid	Anderson Reisz				Russia
Rewaconodon[57]	Valid	Datta Das Luo				India

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