337th Infantry Regiment (United States)

337th Infantry Regiment

Regimental Distinctive Unit Insignia
Active 1917–1919
1921–1945
1946–present
Country  USA
Branch U.S. Army
Role Infantry
Size Regiment
Part of First Army
Motto(s) Strength and Courage
Anniversaries Constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army
"Salerno Day" 9 September 1944
Decorations Army Superior Unit Award
Battle honours World War I
World War II
Commanders
Notable
commanders		 Colonel G. R. Schweickert
Colonel Oliver W. Hughes
U.S. Infantry Regiments
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332nd Infantry Regiment 340th Infantry Regiment

The 337th Infantry Regiment was a National Army Infantry Regiment first organized for service in World War I as part of the 85th Infantry Division in Europe. It later served in the Mediterranean Theater during World War II. Since then it has served as a training Regiment, training Army Reserve and Army National Guard Soldiers for service in support of the Global War on Terror.[1][2]

Service history

World War I[3]

The Regiment was constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army as the 337th Infantry and assigned to the 169th Infantry Brigade of the 85th Division. It was organized at Camp Custer, Michigan on 30 August 1917. In August 1917, the Regiment was organized with 3,755 Officers and enlisted men:

The Doughboys of the Regiment deployed to France as part of the American Expeditionary Forces and were billeted in the cities of Nevers and Cosne. The Regiment didn't participate in any named campaigns during the war; it's Infantrymen were used as individual replacements to the fighting Divisions.[5][6][7] After completing its war service in France it arrived at the port of New York on 2 April 1919 on the U.S.S. Leviathan and demobilized at Camp Custer on 23 April 1919.[8]

Between the Wars

The Regiment was reconstituted in the Organized Reserves as the 337th Infantry on 24 June 1921 and reassigned to the 85th Division (later redesignated as the 85th Infantry Division) in the Sixth Corps Area.[9] It was organized in December 1921 with the Regimental Headquarters and the 1st and 2d Battalions at Grand Rapids and the 3rd Battalion at Sault Ste Marie, Michigan. The 2nd and 3rd Battalions relocated by 1929 to Muskegon and Cadillac respectively. The Regiment conducted summer training most years with the 2d Infantry Regiment at Camp Custer. In 1928 the Regiment conducted summer training with the 126th Infantry Regiment at Camp Grayling. In 1934 the Regiment conducted summer training with the 125th Infantry Regiment at Camp Grayling. They also conducted infantry Citizens Military Training Camp (CMTC) training some years at Camp Custer or Fort Brady, as an alternate form of summer training. The primary ROTC feeder school was Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science.[10]

World War II[11]

The Regiment was ordered into active military service 15 May 1942 and reorganized at Camp Shelby, Mississippi using a cadre provided by the 2nd Infantry Division.[12] The Regiment participated in the #2 Louisiana Maneuvers in April 1943 and the Desert Training Center #3 California Maneuvers in June 1943. In July 1943, the Regiment was organized with 3,256 Officers and enlisted men:[13]

It departed Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation aboard HMS Andes[14][15] on 24 December 1943, landed in Casablanca, North Africa on 2 January 1944 and received amphibious warfare training at Port aux Poules. It arrived in Naples, Italy on 27 March 1944. The 337th participated in the Rome-Arno, North Apennines, and the Po Valley campaigns in the Mediterranean Theater as part of the Italian Campaign. The Regiment usually fought as a Regimental Combat Team with the addition of the 328th Field Artillery Battalion, Company A, 310th Engineer Battalion and Company A, 310th Medical Battalion attached. The Regiment saw heavy combat attacking the German's Gustav and Gothic Lines as they moved north up the Italian Peninsula during Operation Diadem. The Regiment initially held defensive positions north of the Garigliano River until it attacked and seized Castellonorato until it was stopped by German resistance south of Monte Campese on 16 May 1944. The Regiment began a drive on Terracina on 21 May that on the 24th opened the road to the Anzio beach head. Over the next month, the Regiment fought through Monte Artemisio and Lariano. In June the 337th captured Monte Ceraso and advanced to the Viterbo River before being relieved on 10 June 1944. The Regiment relieved the 2nd New Zealand Division on the Arno River Line on 16 August. On 17 August the 337th seized Mount Pratone. By 18 September, the Division had penetrated the Gothic Line. On 1 October, Sergeant Chris Carr of Company L earned the Medal of Honor for actions near Guignola, Italy. The 85th Division went on the defensive near Pizzano from 27 October through 22 November 1944. On 9 January 1945, the 85th relieved the British 1st Division near Monte Grande and then the 1st Armored Division on 17 April as part of Operation Grapeshot. On 26 April the Division crossed the Adige River in the Verona area and by 1 May was clearing the Piave Valley. The German forces in Italy surrendered on 2 May 1945. The Regiment departed Fagianeria, Italy for Hampton Roads and was inactivated at Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia on 25 August 1945.[16][17][18]

Post War Service

The Regiment was reconstituted on 6 November 1946 in the Organized Reserves with Headquarters in the Minneapolis, Minnesota under TOE 29-7T.[19] Its recruiting area was Illinois, Minnesota, South Dakota, and North Dakota. On 31 December 1949 the Regimental Headquarters was moved to Chicago, Illinois and then to Waukegan, Illinois on 1 August 1955. The Regiment, and its parent 85th Infantry Division belonged to the Fifth Army, headquartered in Chicago.[19] The 1948 organization of the Regiment called for a strength of 3,774 Officers and enlisted men organized as below:

Under the 85th Training Division[20]

The 337th Infantry was redesignated as the 337th Regiment (Basic Combat Training), and reorganized to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions, elements of the 85th Division (Training Support) on 1 June 1959. On 31 January 1968, the Regimental Headquarters and the 3rd Battalion were inactivated. On 1 May 1971, the 3rd Battalion was reactivated and all three Battalions were redesigned as Advanced Individual Training units. 1st Battalion was inactivated on 13 January 1995 with personnel transferred to the 2nd and 3rd Battalions. The 1st Battalion was reactivated and allotted to the Regular Army on 17 October 1999 and assigned to the 4th Cavalry Brigade at Fort Knox, Kentucky with a mission to train Aviation units.[21]

Transformation of the Army

All Battalions are currently subordinate to the First Army and wear the First Army Shoulder Sleeve Insignia. The 1st Battalion was assigned to the 166th Aviation Brigade and specialized in training Aviation units at Fort Hood, Texas until it was reassigned to Fort McCoy in 2015.[22] The 1st Battalion was responsible for training an Alaska Army National Guard aviation unit for deployment in 2010,[23] elements of the 5th Battalion, 159th Aviation Regiment for a deployment to Iraq,[24] as well as several units for deployment to Kosovo as part of the KFOR in 2014.[25] The 2nd Battalion was assigned to the 205th Infantry Brigade with a mission to train Combat Support and Combat Service Support units.

Current Assignment

The 1st Battalion is a Regular Army unit assigned to the 181st Infantry Brigade at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin with a mission to train Brigade Support Battalions.

The 2nd Battalion is an Army Reserve unit assigned to the 157th Infantry Brigade with a mission to train Combat Support and Combat Service Support units.[26]
The 3rd Battalion is an Army Reserve unit assigned to the 4th Cavalry Brigade at Fort Knox, Kentucky and provides Observer, Controller/ Trainers (OC/T) and Staff to various Mobilization Training Centers responsible for conducting post mobilization training to Reserve Component units preparing them for deployment to Overseas Contingency Operations.[27]

Campaign streamers[20][28][29]

Conflict Streamer Year(s)
World War I
No Inscription
World War II

Rome-Arno 1944
North Apennines 1944-1945
Po Valley 1945


Document Dated Certificate
Previous Lineage and Honors 1960
Regimental Lineage and Honors Certificate detailing significant events and honors for the unit. Generated by the United States Center of Military History.
Current Lineage and Honors 2002

Decorations[30][31]

Ribbon Award Year Subordinate Elements Embroidered Notes
Presidential Unit Citation 12-16 May 1944 Company C, 1st Battalion Tremensuoli General Orders #81, 14 October 1944
Presidential Unit Citation 1944 Company B, 2nd Battalion Mount Monzano
Army Superior Unit Award 2008-2011 Entire Regiment 2008-2011
Permanent Orders 332-07 announcing award of the Army Superior Unit award
None Secretary of the Army Superior Unit Certificate 1960-1961 Regimental Headquarters; Companies A and D of 1st Battalion; Headquarters Company, Companies E and H of 2nd Battalion; Companies I and M of 3rd Battalion None
Department of the Army General Orders 15, 1962
None Secretary of the Army Superior Unit Certificate 1961-1962 Regimental Headquarters; Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion; Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion; Company K, 3rd Battalion None
DA GO 14, 20 March 1963
None Secretary of the Army Superior Unit Certificate 1965-1966 Regimental Headquarters; Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion None
Department of the Army General Orders 24, 1966

Shoulder sleeve insignia[32]

* Description: On a background equally divided horizontally white and red, 3¼ inches high and 2½ inches wide at base and 2⅛ inches wide at top, a black block letter "A", 2¾ inches high, 2 inches wide at base and 1⅝ inches wide at top, all members 7/16 inch wide, all enclosed within a 1/8 inch Army Green border.

  1. The red and white of the background are the colors used in flags for Armies.
  2. The letter "A" represents "Army" and is also the first letter of the alphabet suggesting "First Army."
  1. A black letter "A" was approved as the authorized insignia by the Commanding General, American Expedition Force, on 16 November 1918 and approved by the War Department on 5 May 1922.
  2. The background was added on 17 November 1950.

Distinctive Unit Insignia[33][34]

Coat of Arms[33]

Document Dated Certificate
Regimental Heraldry 8 August 1960
Heraldry for the 337th Infantry Regiment describing the unit Coat of Arms and Distinctive Insignia.

References

  1. ↑ Infantry organization and History
  2. ↑ Unit page at Military.com
  3. ↑ Military Map of the United States in 1918
  4. ↑ Maneuver and Firepower p56
  5. ↑ ORDER OF BATTLE OF THE UNITED STATES LAND FORCES IN THE WORLD WAR p377
  6. ↑ Reports of the Commander-in-Chief, Staff Sections and Services p14-18
  7. ↑ Maneuver and Firepower p69
  8. ↑ Order of battle for the 77th Infantry Division in World War I
  9. ↑ Maneuver and Firepower p103
  10. ↑ The US Army Order of Battle from 1919-1941 p469
  11. ↑ Stanton, Shelby L. (1984). World War II Order of Battle. New York, New York: Galahad Books.
  12. ↑ World War II Order of Battle, front cover chart
  13. ↑ Maneuver and Firepower p183
  14. ↑ 1944 World War II Troops Ship Crossings
  15. ↑ See entry for HMS Andes
  16. ↑ Company Photos in 1945
  17. ↑ History of the 85th Infantry Division in Italy
  18. ↑ The 337th Infantry In World War II
  19. 1 2 Maneuver and Firepower p220
  20. 1 2 Regimental Lineage and Honors
  21. ↑ 4th Brigade
  22. ↑ 166th Aviation Brigade page at Fort Hood
  23. ↑ 166th Avn Bde trains Alaska National Guard unit
  24. ↑ Team Freight Train returns from Iraq
  25. ↑ Kosovo Aviation training mission continues at 166th AVN BDE
  26. ↑ 2nd battalion
  27. ↑ 3rd battalion
  28. ↑ U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH). "Listing of the Campaigns of the U.S. Army Displayed on the Army Flag | U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)". history.army.mil. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  29. ↑ War Department General Order #24 Listing Campaigns
  30. ↑ "CMH". history.army.mil. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  31. ↑ Permanent Order 332-07
  32. ↑ First Army insignia page at the Institute of Heraldry
  33. 1 2 Regimental DUI
  34. ↑ Excerpt from U.S. Army Heraldic Crests: A Complete Illustrated History of Authorized Distinctive Unit Insignia by Barry Jason Stein

External links

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