860s

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	8th century – 9th century – 10th century
Decades:	830s 840s 850s – 860s – 870s 880s 890s
Years:	860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869
860s-related categories:	Births – Deaths – By country Establishments – Disestablishments

This is a list of events occurring in the 860s, ordered by year.

By place

Asia

First siege of Constantinople by the Rus.

Europe

Ethelbert succeeds as king of Wessex.
The later Harald I of Norway becomes king.

By topic

Art

Lusterware tiles, decorated the mihrab of the Mosque of Uqba at Kairouan, are made (approximate date).

Religion

Michael I succeeds Sophronius I as Patriarch of Alexandria.
Byzantine missionaries Cyril and Methodius arrive in Khazaria.

By place

Asia

December: Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil. Start of the period of troubles known as "Anarchy at Samarra".

Europe

Carloman revolts against his father Louis the German.
Michael III and Bardas invade Bulgaria.
May 28 – Paris burnt by Vikings.
Pisa taken by Vikings,

By place

Asia

Fan Chuo finishes his Manchu (Book of the Southern Tribes).

Europe

Ashot I becomes the first king of Armenia's Bagratuni Dynasty.
Aed Finliath is crowned High King of Ireland.
First written record of Murom, Russia.
Rurik gains control of Novgorod.

By place

Europe

Constantine I succeeds as king of Scotland (or 862).
After the death of their brother Charles, Lothair II takes part of the Jura and Louis II takes the Provence.
Carloman revolts against his father Louis the German a second time.
The first written record of Smolensk.
The Christianization of the Rus' Khaganate begins ceasing the dominance of the 63-year-long Rus' Khaganate.

Asia

September 3 – At the Battle of Lalakaon, the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire annihilates an Arab force led by Omar, emir of Melitene. In conjunction with another victory over the Arabs in Armenia, it marks the beginning of the Empire's resurgence, and its counteroffensive against the forces of Islam in the Arab–Byzantine wars.
The Tang dynasty Chinese author Duan Chengshi writes about Chinese maritime trade in East Africa, and the Arab-run slave trade there.

By topic

Religion

Byzantine missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius come to Great Moravia upon a request of Prince Rastislav.
Pope Nicholas I excommunicates Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople.

By place

Asia

Hasan ibn Zayd establishes the Zaydid emirate of Tabaristan.
Japan's Mt. Fuji erupted in an event known as the Jōgan eruption.

Europe

July 25 – Edict of Pistres: Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings.
Louis II marches against Rome but, getting ill, decides to make peace with the Pope.
Orso I Participazio becomes Doge of Venice.
Alfonso III of León conquers Porto from the diminished Umayyads. This is the final act of the direct Muslim domination of the Douro region.^[1]
First written reference to Devín Castle, when Louis the German besieges Great Moravian prince Rastislav there.

By topic

Religion

The Christianization of Bulgaria begins: Khan Boris I of Bulgaria is baptized an Orthodox Christian.

By place

Europe

Ethelred succeeds as king of Wessex (or 866).
Louis the German divides his kingdom among his sons.
Lothair, threatened with excommunication, takes back his first wife, Theutberga.
Bulgaria under Boris I converts to Orthodox Christianity.

Asia

A Russian expedition for the first time threatens Constantinople.

By place

Asia

A Kharijite revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate begins in the Jazira, which will last for thirty years.
Fujiwara no Yoshifusa becomes regent of Japan, starting the Fujiwara regentship.

Europe

Alfonso III succeeds as king of Asturias.
Louis II beats the Saracen invaders in Italy.
Ivar the Boneless crosses over to England and beats and captures king Aella of Northumbria, thus avenging his father Ragnar Lodbrok.
Ethelred succeeds as king of Wessex (or 865).
A "great Viking army" captures York.
Harold Fairhair (850–933) wins a decisive battle in his quest to become king of all of Norway.

By topic

Religion

Pope Nicholas I forbids the use of torture in prosecutions for witchcraft.

By place

Byzantine Empire

September 23 – Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.
Macedonian dynasty is started.

Europe

August – Treaty of Compiègne: Charles the Bald, King of West Francia, cedes the Cotentin Peninsula to Salomon, King of Brittany.

By topic

Religion

September – Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople is removed from office and banished; Ignatius is patriarch of Constantinople once again.
December 14 – Pope Adrian II (also referred to as Hadrian II) succeeds Pope Nicholas I as the 106th pope.

By place

Africa

Ahmad ibn Tulun, a Turkish mamluk general in Arab army founds Tulunid dynasty in Egypt.
The Aghlabid dynasty of Tunisia takes Malta.

Asia

May 11 – The Diamond Sūtra, the oldest known surviving dated book, is printed in China.

Europe

In Metz, Charles the Bald and Louis the German decide on a division of the lands of former emperor Lothar (now in possession of Lothair II and Louis II).
In England, Alfred the Great marries Ealhswith and goes to the aid of Burgred of Mercia, who is attacked by Danes.
The First County of Portugal is established by Vímara Peres, after the reconquest from the Moors of the region north of the Douro River.
Áed Findliath drives the invading Danes and Norwegians out of Ireland, after defeating them at the Battle of Killineery.
Al-Andalus: The city of Mérida rises against the Umayyad rule. The emir Muhammad regains control, has the walls of the city destroyed and supports the rival creation of the city of Badajoz as a retaliation.^[2]

By topic

Religion

Ratramnus writes Contra Graecorum Opposita.

By place

Asia

May 26 – An earthquake and tsunami devastate a large part of the Sanriku coast near Sendai, Japan.
The Zanj (Black slaves from East Africa), provoked by mercilessly harsh labor conditions in the salt flats and on the sugar and cotton plantations of southwestern Persia, revolt.

Europe

Western Emperor Louis II allies with eastern Emperor Basil I against the Saracens.
Charles the Bald tries to take the kingdom of Lothair II of Lotharingia after the latter's death, but is resisted by Louis the German.

North America

Stela 11, the last monument ever erected at Tikal, was dedicated by Jasaw Chan K'awiil II.^[3]

By topic

Art

Repairs are made in Hagia Sophia.

Religion

The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic) (October 5, 869–February 28, 870) is called to decide action regarding Patriarch Photius of Constantinople. This council is now recognised as Ecumenical by the Catholic Church but rejected by the Eastern Churches. The council of 879-880 rejected the decisions of this council.

Significant people

References

↑ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle0. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 109. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
↑ Rucquoi, Adeline (1993). Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique. Paris: Seuil. p. 86. ISBN 2-02-012935-3.
↑ Martin, Simon; Nikolai Grube (2000). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05103-8. OCLC 47358325.

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