860
This article is about the year 860. For the number, see 860 (number).
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 8th century – 9th century – 10th century |
| Decades: | 830s 840s 850s – 860s – 870s 880s 890s |
| Years: | 857 858 859 – 860 – 861 862 863 |
| 860 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 860 DCCCLX |
| Ab urbe condita | 1613 |
| Armenian calendar | 309 ԹՎ ՅԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5610 |
| Bengali calendar | 267 |
| Berber calendar | 1810 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1404 |
| Burmese calendar | 222 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6368–6369 |
| Chinese calendar | 己卯年 (Earth Rabbit) 3556 or 3496 — to — 庚辰年 (Metal Dragon) 3557 or 3497 |
| Coptic calendar | 576–577 |
| Discordian calendar | 2026 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 852–853 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4620–4621 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 916–917 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 782–783 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3961–3962 |
| Holocene calendar | 10860 |
| Iranian calendar | 238–239 |
| Islamic calendar | 245–246 |
| Japanese calendar | Jōgan 2 (貞観２年) |
| Julian calendar | 860 DCCCLX |
| Korean calendar | 3193 |
| Minguo calendar | 1052 before ROC 民前1052年 |
| Seleucid era | 1171/1172 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1402–1403 |
King Æthelberht of Wessex (c. 836–865)
Year 860 (DCCCLX) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- June 18 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about 200 Rus' vessels sails into the Bosphorus and starts pillaging the suburbs of Constantinople. The raiders are setting homes on fire, drowning and killing the citizens. Unable to do anything to repel the invaders, patriarch Photios I urges his flock to implore the Theotokos to save the Byzantine capital.[1] Having devastated the suburbs, the Rus' Vikings pass into the Sea of Marmara and attack the Isles of the Princes, plundering the monasteries.[2]
Europe
- King Charles the Bald gives the order to build fortified bridges across the rivers Seine and Loire to protect Paris and the Frankish heartland against Viking raids. He hires the services of Weland, a Viking chieftain based on the Somme, to attack the Seine Vikings at their base on the Isle of Oissel. Weland besieges the Vikings—they offer him a huge bribe (6,000 pounds of silver) to let them escape.[3]
- Summer – The Viking chieftains Hastein and Bjorn Ironside ravaging upstream and move to Italy, sacking Luna (believing it to be Rome). They sail up the River Arno to sack the cities of Pisa and Fiesole (Tuscany).[4]
Britain
- Summer – Viking raiders led by Weland sail to England and attack Winchester (the capital of Wessex) which is set ablaze. He spreads inland, but is defeated by West Saxon forces who deprive him all he has gained.[5]
- December 20 – King Æthelbald of Wessex dies at Sherborne (northwest Dorset) after a 2½-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother, sub-king Æthelbert of kent who becomes sole ruler of Wessex.
Arabian Empire
- Muhammad I, Umayyad emir of Córdoba, invades Pamplona (Pyrenees) and captures crown prince Fortún Garcés in Milagro, along with his daughter Onneca Fortúnez and takes them hostages in Córdoba.[6]
By topic
Art
- Lusterware tiles, decorated the mihrab of the Mosque of Uqba at Kairouan (modern Tunisia), are made (approximate date).
Communication
- The Japanese alphabet Hiragana becomes more popular in Japan. The phonetic alphabet will be further simplified and reduced to 51 basic characters (approximate date).
Religion
- Byzantine missionaries Cyril and Methodius arrive in Khazaria.
- Michael I succeeds Sophronius I as patriarch of Alexandria.
Births
- Ibn Abd Rabbih, Muslim writer and poet. (d. 940)
Deaths
- December 3 – Abbo, bishop of Auxerre
- December 20 – Æthelbald, king of Wessex
- Constantine Kontomytes, Byzantine general
- Halfdan the Black, Norwegian nobleman
- Sedulius Scottus, Irish grammarian
References
- ↑ Logan, p. 190.
- ↑ Vasiliev 188–189.
- ↑ John Haywood (1995). The Historical Atlas of the Vikings, pp. 60–61. Penguin Books: ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8
- ↑ John Haywood (1995). The Historical Atlas of the Vikings, p. 59. Penguin Books: ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8
- ↑ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 20. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5
- ↑ Martínez Diez 2007, p. 25..
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