Australian Football League

This article is about the sporting league. For the sport itself, see Australian rules football.

Not to be confused with Australian A-League.

Australian Football League
Current season, competition or edition: 2016 AFL season

Formerly	Victorian Football League (1897–1989)
Sport	Australian rules football
Founded	2 October 1896
Inaugural season	1897
CEO	Gillon McLachlan
No. of teams	18
Country	Australia
Headquarters	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Most recent champion(s)	Hawthorn (13th VFL/AFL premiership)
Most titles	Carlton & Essendon (16 VFL/AFL premierships)
TV partner(s)	Seven Network Fox Footy
Official website	afl.com.au

The Australian Football League (AFL) is the highest-level professional competition in the sport of Australian rules football. Through the AFL Commission, the AFL also serves as the sport's governing body, and is responsible for controlling the Laws of the Game. The league was founded as the Victorian Football League (VFL) as a breakaway from the previous Victorian Football Association (VFA), with its inaugural season commencing in 1897. Originally comprising only teams based in the Australian state of Victoria, the competition's name was changed to the Australian Football League for the 1990 season, after expanding to other states throughout the 1980s.

The league currently consists of 18 teams spread over five of Australia's six states (Tasmania being the exception). Matches have been played in all mainland states and territories of Australia, as well as in New Zealand. The AFL season currently consists of a pre-season competition (currently branded as the "NAB Challenge"), followed by a 23-round regular (or "home-and-away") season, which runs during the Australian winter (March to September). The top eight teams then play off in a four-round finals series, culminating in the AFL Grand Final, which is held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground each year. The winning team in the Grand Final is termed the "premiers", and is awarded the premiership cup. The current premiers are Hawthorn.

History

Main articles: History of the Australian Football League and History of Australian rules football

1897: Breakaway VFA clubs found VFL

Essendon won the 1897 Victorian Football League (VFL), the first edition of the breakaway competition established by eight Victorian Football Association (VFA) clubs. The VFL would eventually evolve into the present day Australian Football League (AFL).

The Australian Football League can trace its beginnings back to the foundation of the Victorian Football League in 1897 when six of the strongest clubs in Victoria – Collingwood, Essendon, Fitzroy, Geelong, Melbourne and South Melbourne – broke away from the established Victorian Football Association to establish a more professional competition. The six clubs invited two more VFA clubs – Carlton and St Kilda – to join the league for its inaugural season in 1897. Among the notable initiatives established in the new league was an annual finals tournament, rather than awarding the premiership directly to the team with the best record through the season; and, the formal establishment of the modern scoring system, in which six points are scored for a goal, and one point is scored for a behind.

Although the Victorian Football League and the Victorian Football Association continued to compete for spectator interest for many years, the VFL quickly established itself as the premier competition in Victoria. In 1908, the league expanded to ten teams, with Richmond crossing from the VFA and University from the Metropolitan Football Association. University, after three promising seasons, finished last each year from 1911 until 1914, including losing 51 matches in a row; this was in part caused by its players' focus on their studies rather than football, particularly during examinations, and it was partly because the club operated on an amateur basis at a time when player payments were becoming common – and as a result, the club withdrew from the VFL at the end of 1914.^[1]^[2]

Beginning sporadically during the late 1800s and consistently from 1907 until WWI, the VFL premier and the premier of the South Australian Football League met in a playoff match for the Championship of Australia. Port Adelaide was the most successful club of the competition winning three titles during the period along with an earlier victory.

1915-1945: Three VFA Clubs Join VFL Between World Wars

Main article: The VFL during the World Wars

During 1924 in Victoria the premiers of the VFL, Essendon, played the premiers of the VFA, Footscray, with the latter winning by 28 points at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in front of the years largest crowd of 46,100 (Inset captains Con McCarthy of Footscray and Syd Barker of Essendon). The result of the match played a large part in Footscray, Hawthorn and North Melbourne being admitted into the VFL for the 1925 season.

In 1925, the VFL expanded from nine teams to twelve, with Footscray, Hawthorn and North Melbourne each crossing from the VFA. North Melbourne and Hawthorn remained very weak in the VFL for a very long period. Although North Melbourne would become the first of the 1925 expansion sides to reach a Grand Final in 1950, initially it was Footscray that adapted to the VFL with the most ease of the three clubs, and by 1928 were well off the bottom of the ladder.

Between the years of 1927 and 1930, Collingwood became the first, and only VFL team, to win four successive Premierships.

1946-1976: Victorian Postwar Pastime

In 1952, the VFL hosted 'National Day', when all six matches were played outside of Melbourne. Matches were played at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Brisbane Exhibition Ground, North Hobart Oval, Albury Sports Ground and Victorian country towns Yallourn and Euroa.

In 1959, the VFL planned the first purpose built mega-stadium, VFL Park (later known as Waverley Park), to give it some independence from the Melbourne Cricket Club, which managed the Melbourne Cricket Ground. VFL Park was planned to hold 155,000 spectators, which would have made it one of the largest stadiums in the world – although it would ultimately be built with a capacity of 78,000. Land for the stadium was purchased at Mulgrave, then farmland but predicted to be near the demographic centre of Melbourne's population.

Footscray became the first of the 1925 expansion teams to win the premiership in 1954.

Melbourne became a powerhouse during the 1950s and early 1960s under coach Norm Smith and star player Ron Barassi. The club contested seven consecutive grand finals from 1954 to 1960, winning five premierships, including three in a row from 1955 to 1957.

Television coverage began in 1957, with direct telecasts of the final quarter permitted. At first, several channels competed through broadcasting different games. However, when the VFL found that television was reducing crowds, it decided that no coverage was to be allowed for 1960. In 1961, replays (in Melbourne) were introduced although direct telecasts were rarely permitted in Melbourne (other States and Territories, however, enjoyed live telecasts every Saturday afternoon).

The VFL Premiership Trophy was first awarded in addition to a pennant flag in 1959; essentially the same trophy design has been in use since.

In the 1960s, television began to have a huge impact. Spectators hurried home from games to watch replays and many former players took up positions as commentators on pre-game preview programs and post-game review programs. There were also several attempts at variety programs featuring VFL players, who generally succeeded in demonstrating that their skills were limited to the football ground.

The VFL played the first of a series of exhibition matches in 1962 in an effort to lift the international profile of the league.

The 1970 season saw the opening of VFL Park, with the inaugural match being played between Geelong and Fitzroy, on 18 April 1970. Construction work was carried out at the stadium as the 1970s progressed, culminating in the building of the now heritage listed Sir Kenneth Luke stand. The Queen of Australia, Elizabeth II was a guest at the game and officially opened the stadium to the public. The 1970 Grand Final between traditional rivals Carlton and Collingwood, arguably the league's most famous game which saw Carlton recover from a 44-point deficit at half-time to win the game by ten points, featured a famous spectacular mark by Alex Jesaulenko, and was witnessed by a record crowd of 121,696.

1977-1981: VFL Leaves Australian National Football Council

The last Australian National Football Council competition VFL clubs took part in was the 1976 NFL Championship Series between North Melbourne and Hawthorn in Adelaide. The VFL would host its own National Night Series until 1986 when it ended the event after WAFC confirmed West Coast's entry to the VFL.

Main article: NFL Night Series

Main article: Australian Football Championships Night Series

In 1976, the National Football League, which was the national administrative body for Australian rules football at the time, established the NFL Night Series to succeed the Championship of Australia. Played concurrently with the premiership season, the Night Series was contested among twelve clubs from the VFL, SANFL and WANFL invited based on their finishing positions from the previous year. The event was mostly played on Tuesday nights, with night games at Norwood Oval in Adelaide, and all games were televised live in colour on Channel 9, which opened up unprecedented revenue streams from television rights and sponsorship opportunities for the sport.^[3] The NFL began plans to expand its Night Series to incorporate more teams from the VFL, SANFL and WAFL, as well as state representative teams from other states.

In November 1976, the VFL announced that it was withdrawing from the NFL's competition, having arranged more substantial television and sponsorship deals for its own Night Series for 1977 to be based in Melbourne and feature only the VFL clubs. Light towers were erected at VFL Park specifically for the event.^[4]^[5] The VFL established a proprietary limited company called Australian Football Championships Pty Ltd in 1978 to run the Night Series, and offered shareholdings to the other state leagues in an attempt to lure other states into the competition.^[6]

For the three years from 1977 until 1979, the NFL and AFC competitions were run separately as rival Night Series. In 1978, the Tasmanain representative team competed in both the NFL and AFC series, but all SANFL and WAFL clubs and the minor states teams remained in the NFL Night Series. In 1979, the WAFL clubs and the New South Wales and A.C.T. representative teams defected from the NFL Night Series and joined the AFC Night Series, leaving the NFL Night Series mostly composed of SANFL teams. The NFL Night Series was not revived in 1980, and the SANFL clubs joined the AFC Night Series.^[7] Although the NFL itself continued to exist as an administrative body into the early 1990s, the power gained by the VFL as a result of its Night Series take over was one of the first significant steps in its spread interstate and ultimately its take-over (as the Australian Football League) of administrative control of all football in Australia.^[8]

In 1980 and 1981, the first years after the NFL Night Series had ended, the AFC Night Series competition was at its largest, with all VFL, WAFL and SANFL clubs plus the four minor states teams (selected under residential qualification rather than state of origin qualification) competing for a total of 34 teams. The size of the competition was reduced from 1982, and thereafter only the top two or three teams from the SANFL and WAFL and the winner of the minor states' annual carnival were invited.

In 1987, the Night Series reverted to only the VFL teams. The competition was pushed earlier into the year, with the final played on 28 April.^[9] The following season, the competition did not overlap with the day premiership season at all, and became entirely a pre-season competition. The Night Series is generally considered to be of equivalent importance as the pre-season competition and the VFL Night Series (1956–1971), and records relating to the three competitions are often combined.

With the number of players recruited from country leagues increasing, the wealthier VFL clubs were gaining an advantage that metropolitan zoning and the Coulter law (salary cap) restricting player payments had prevented in the past. Country zoning was introduced in the late 1960s, and whilst it pushed Essendon and Geelong from the top of the ladder, it created severe inequality during the 1970s and 1980s. Between 1972 and 1987, only six of the league's twelve clubs – Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Hawthorn, North Melbourne and Richmond – played in Grand Finals.

1982-1989: Professionalism, Bankruptcy and Expansion

For the 1982 VFL season South Melbourne Football Club became the first VFL club to relocate and the competitions first club based outside Victoria. The club was officially renamed the Sydney Swans in 1983.

The 1980s was a period of significant structural change in Australian football around the country. The VFL was the most popular and dominant of the state leagues around the country in terms of overall attendance, interest, and money, and began to look towards expanding its influence directly into other states. The VFL and its top clubs were asserting their financial power recruit top players from interstate. As a result of this, rising cost pressures were driving some of Victoria's weaker clubs into dire financial situations. South Melbourne became the first VFL club to relocate interstate with the club moving to Sydney to become the Sydney Swans in 1982. Under the private ownership of wealthy Dr Geoffrey Edelsten during the mid-1980s Sydney became a successful team on-field.

Throughout the 1980's approaches were made by SANFL and WAFL clubs to enter the VFL. Of particular note were approaches by the East Perth Royals in 1980,^[10] the Norwood Redlegs in 1986^[11] and 1988,^[12] and an East-South Fremantle merger proposal in 1987.^[13] None of these attempts were successful despite Norwood trying again in 1990 and 1994.

In 1986, the West Australian Football League and Queensland Australian Football League were awarded licences to join the VFL as expansion teams, leading to the establishment of the West Coast Eagles and Brisbane Bears who both joined the league in 1987. These expansion team licences were awarded on payment of multimillion-dollar fees which were not required of the existing VFL clubs. In 1989 financial troubles nearly forced Footscray and Fitzroy to merge but a fundraising event from Footscray supporters stopped the proposed merger at the eleventh hour.

The 1980s first saw new regular timeslots for VFL matches. VFL matches had previously been played on Saturday afternoons but Sydney began playing its home matches on Sunday afternoons and North Melbourne pioneered playing matches on Friday night. These have since become regular timeslots for all teams.

The first National Draft was introduced in 1986 and a salary cap was introduced in 1987.

1990-present: Australian Football League

The players from the West Coast Eagles of Western Australia and the Sydney Swans of New South Wales lining up for the national anthem at the 2005 AFL Grand Final.

The league was officially renamed the Australian Football League in 1990 to reflect the new national perspective;^[14] the VFA later took over the Victorian Football League name in 1996. Functionally, the AFL gave up control over its Victorian-based minor grades at the end of 1991 – clubs continued to field reserves teams in the independent Victorian State Football League.

In 1990, the SANFL's most successful club, Port Adelaide, made a bid for an AFL licence. In response, the SANFL established a composite South Australian team called the Adelaide Crows, which was awarded the licence and joined the league in 1991 as the fourth interstate club. The same year saw the West Coast Eagles become the first interstate club to reach the Grand Final, losing to Hawthorn. The Eagles would then win the premiership in 1992 and 1994. In 1994, the Fremantle Football Club was formed in Western Australia, and joined the AFL in 1995, becoming the fifth interstate club.

In 1996 several Victorian clubs were in severe financial difficulties, most notably Fitzroy and Hawthorn. Hawthorn proposed to merge with Melbourne to form the Melbourne Hawks but the merger ultimately fell through and both teams continued as separate entities. Fitzroy, however, was too weak to continue by itself. The club nearly merged with North Melbourne to form the Fitzroy-North Melbourne Kangaroos but, after the other clubs voted against it, the club merged with Brisbane to become the Brisbane Lions.^[15] Fitzroy played its last match at the end of 1996. With the Brisbane-Fitzroy merger, Port Adelaide was awarded an AFL licence and joined the league in 1997.

Through the 1990s there was a significant trend of Melbourne-based teams abandoning the use of their small (20,000–30,000 capacity) suburban venues for home matches in favour of the larger MCG and Waverley Park. The 1990s saw the last matches played at Windy Hill (Essendon), Moorabbin Oval (St Kilda), Western Oval (Footscray) and Victoria Park (Collingwood) and saw Princes Park abandoned by its long-term co-tenant Hawthorn. The transition to the use of only two venues in Melbourne was ultimately completed in 2005 when Carlton abandoned the use of Princes Park. In 1999, the league sold Waverley Park stadium and used the funds in a joint venture to begin construction of a brand-new stadium situated at Melbourne's Docklands. Representative state football came to an end, with the last State of Origin match held in 1999.

In the late 2000s, the AFL looked to establish a permanent presence on the Gold Coast, which was fast-developing as a major population centre. North Melbourne, which was in financial difficulty and had played a few home games on the Gold Coast in previous years, was offered significant subsidies to relocate to the Gold Coast but declined. The AFL then began work to establish a club on the Gold Coast as a new expansion team. The Gold Coast Suns were established and joined the AFL in 2011 as the 17th team. The Greater Western Sydney Giants, based in both Western Sydney and Canberra, were then established and entered the league as the 18th team in 2012. Early in 2008, a meeting held by the AFL discussed having two new teams enter the AFL competition.^[16] In March 2008, the AFL won the support of the league's 16 club presidents to establish sides on the Gold Coast and in Western Sydney; both teams would enter the competition in 2011 and 2012 respectively. In 2010, a licence was granted to the Greater Western Sydney Giants, a second Sydney-based team based at Homebush in Western Sydney. In 2011 new club, the Gold Coast Suns entered the league^[17] having been granted a licence in 2009. In 2012 the Greater Western Sydney Giants joined the league and played their first season finishing in last place. On 25 April 2013 the Westpac Stadium in Wellington, New Zealand hosted the first ever Australian Football League game played for premiership points outside of Australia. The night game between St Kilda and Sydney was played in front of a crowd of 22,183 on Anzac Day to honour the Anzac bond between the two countries.^[18]^[19]

A national women's league is due to begin in 2017. Thirteen AFL clubs have placed bids to participate in the eight team competition.

Clubs

The AFL operates on a single table system, with no divisions, conferences nor promotion and relegation from other leagues.

The league was founded as the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1897, consisting of eight teams only based in the Australian state of Victoria. Over the next century, a series of expansions, a relocation, a merger and a club withdrawal saw the leagues teams expand to the 18 teams there are today.

The current 18 teams are based across 5 states of Australia. The majority (10) still remain in Victoria, including nine teams located in the Melbourne metropolitan area. The states of New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, and South Australia have two teams each. In 1990 the national nature of the competition resulted in the name change to the Australian Football League. Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory, and Northern Territory are the only states or mainland territories not to have AFL clubs although games are regularly played in each of those areas.

Current clubs

Club	Moniker	State	Stadium	Est.	Former league	First season	Seasons	Premierships	Most recent
Adelaide	Crows	South Australia	Adelaide Oval	1990		1991	25	2	1998
Brisbane	Lions	Queensland	The Gabba	1996		1997	19	3	2003
Carlton	Blues	Victoria	MCG	1864	VFA*	1897**	119	16	1995
Collingwood	Magpies	Victoria	MCG	1892	VFA	1897**	119	15	2010
Essendon	Bombers	Victoria	Docklands Stadium	1871	VFA*	1897**	117	16	2000
Fremantle	Dockers	Western Australia	Subiaco Oval	1994		1995	21	0
Geelong	Cats	Victoria	Kardinia Park	1859	VFA*	1897**	116	9	2011
Gold Coast	Suns	Queensland	Carrara Stadium	2009		2011	5	0
Greater Western Sydney	Giants	New South Wales	Sydney Showground	2009		2012	4	0
Hawthorn	Hawks	Victoria	MCG	1902	VFA	1925	91	13	2015
Melbourne	Demons	Victoria	MCG	1858	VFA*	1897**	116	12	1964
North Melbourne	Kangaroos	Victoria	Docklands Stadium	1869	VFA*	1925	91	4	1999
Port Adelaide	Power	South Australia	Adelaide Oval	1870	SANFL*	1997	19	1	2004
Richmond	Tigers	Victoria	MCG	1885	VFA	1908	108	10	1980
St Kilda	Saints	Victoria	Docklands Stadium	1873	VFA*	1897**	117	1	1966
Sydney Swans	Swans	New South Wales	SCG	1874	VFA*	1897^**	118	5	2012
West Coast	Eagles	Western Australia	Subiaco Oval	1986		1987	29	3	2006
Western Bulldogs	Bulldogs	Victoria	Docklands Stadium	1877	VFA	1925	91	1	1954
^ denotes that the club has relocated at some point in its existence. ** denotes that the club was a founding member of the VFL * denotes that the club was a founding member of its former league.

Former clubs

Since the Australian Football League commenced in 1897 as the Victorian Football League, only one club has left the competition, the Melbourne University Football Club. It last competed in 1914 and withdrew because, as a strictly amateur club, it became unable to remain competitive in a time when player payments were becoming common;^[1]^[2] the club still competes to this day in the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA). Two other clubs, the Fitzroy Football Club (Fitzroy Lions) and the Brisbane Bears, merged in 1996 to form the Brisbane Lions. However, after a coming out of financial administration in 1988, Fitzroy resumed its playing operations in 2009 and currently competes in the VAFA.

Club	Moniker	State	Est.	First VFL/AFL season	Last VFL/AFL season	Premierships
Fitzroy	Lions	Victoria	1883	1897	1996	8
Melbourne University	Students	Victoria	1859	1908	1914	0
Brisbane Bears	Bears	Queensland	1986	1987	1996	0

Venues

Below are the venues used during the 2016 AFL season.

Main article: List of Australian Football League grounds

Melbourne, Victoria	Melbourne, Victoria	Adelaide, South Australia	Sydney, New South Wales
Melbourne Cricket Ground	Docklands Stadium	Adelaide Oval	Sydney Cricket Ground
Capacity: 100,024	Capacity: 56,347	Capacity: 53,583	Capacity: 48,000

Perth, Western Australia	Subiaco Oval Marrara Oval Cazaly's Stadium Carrara Stadium Gabba Manuka York Park Adelaide Oval Kardinia MCG Docklands SCG Stadium Australia Showgrounds Bellerive Oval Traeger Park		Brisbane, Queensland
Subiaco Oval			The Gabba
Capacity: 43,500			Capacity: 42,000

Geelong, Victoria			Gold Coast, Queensland
Kardinia Park			Carrara Stadium
Capacity: 34,074			Capacity: 25,000

Sydney, New South Wales	Launceston, Tasmania	Hobart, Tasmania	Canberra, ACT
Sydney Showground Stadium	York Park	Bellerive Oval	Manuka Oval
Capacity: 24,000	Capacity: 21,000	Capacity: 20,000	Capacity: 13,550

Traeger Park, Northern Territory	Darwin, Northern Territory	Cairns, Queensland
Traeger Park	Marrara Oval	Cazaly's Stadium
Capacity: 10,000	Capacity: 14,000	Capacity: 13,500

Throughout the history of the VFL/AFL, there have been a total of 42 different grounds used, with 14 used during the 2014 season.^[20] The largest capacity ground in use is the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), which has a capacity of over 100,000 people, and hosts the Grand Final each year.^[21] The MCG is shared by five teams as a home ground, whilst the other grounds used as home venues by multiple teams are Docklands Stadium in Melbourne (five teams), Stadium Australia in Sydney (two teams), Adelaide Oval in Adelaide (two teams), and Subiaco Oval in Perth (two teams).

Prior to the expansion of the competition, most grounds were located in suburban Melbourne, with Princes Park, Victoria Park, the Junction Oval, Waverley Park, and the Lake Oval each having hosted over 700 games.^[20] However, since the introduction of a national competition, each state and territory of Australia has hosted AFL games.^[22]

On 25 April 2013 (Anzac Day), a match took place between St Kilda and Sydney at Westpac Stadium in Wellington, New Zealand, being the first AFL match played outside Australia for official premiership points.^[23] At the end of 2013 a new five-year deal was announced that will see St Kilda play a match on Anzac Day at the stadium every year until 2018.^[24]

Players

See also: List of current AFL team squads and Category:VFL/AFL players

AFL players are drawn from a number of sources; however, most players enter the league through the AFL draft, held at the end of each season. A small number of players have converted from other sports, or been recruited internationally. Prior to the nationalisation of the competition, a zoning system was in place. At the end of the season, the best 22 players and coach from across the competition are selected in the All-Australian team.

Close up of ruckwork from a Melbourne vs. Western Bulldogs game at Docklands Stadium in Melbourne with the roof open

The AFL has tight controls over the player lists of each club. Currently, apart from the recently added expansion clubs who have some additional players, each team can have a senior list of 38 to 40 players plus 4 to 6 rookie players, to a total of 44 players^[25] (following a reduction by two of the number of rookies in 2012) and up to three development rookies (international, alternate talent or New South Wales scholarship players).^[26] Changes to playing lists are permitted only in the off-season: clubs can trade players during a "trade period" which follows each season and recruit new players through the three AFL drafts, the national draft, the pre-season draft and the rookie draft, which take place after the trade period. A mid-year draft was conducted between 1990 and 1993.^[27] The national draft is the primary method of recruiting new players and has been used since 1986. The draft order is based on reverse-finishing position from the previous year, but selections can be traded. Free agency player movements have only been permitted since the 2012/13 offseason,^[28] having been rejected by the AFL commission previously.^[29]

Salary cap

Main article: AFL salary cap

A salary cap (known as the Total Player Payments or TPP) is also in place as part of the league's equalisation policy; this is A$9,130,000 for the 2013 season with a salary floor of $8,673,500 except for the Gold Coast, whose salary cap will be A$9,630,000 with a salary floor of $9,171,500, and Greater Western Sydney, whose salary cap is $9,987,000 with a floor of $9,530,500. As part of the AFL's enhanced equalisation policies, in 2014 the league announced an increase of the TPP for the 2015 and 2016 seasons. TPP increases an additional $150,000 per club in 2015 above previously contracted amounts, increasing from $9.92m to $10.07m in 2015 and $10.22m to $10.37m in 2016.^[30]

The salary cap was set at A$1.25 million for 1987–1989 as per VFL agreement, with the salary floor set at 90% of the cap or $1.125 million; the salary floor was increased to 92.5% of the cap in 2001, and 95% of the cap for 2013 due to increased revenues. Both the salary cap and salary floor has increased substantially since the competition was rebranded as the AFL in 1990.

Salaries of draft selections are fixed for two years. Salaries for senior players are not normally released to the public, though the average AFL player salary at the conclusion of the 2012 season was $251,559^[31] and the top few players can expect to earn up to and above $1,000,000 a year.^[32] Upon successfully trading to the Sydney Swans in 2013, marquee player Lance Franklin signed a 9-year contract with the club, reportedly worth over $10 million and resulting in subsequent payments of $1.8 million annually in consecutive seasons.^[33] The Total Player Earnings (TPE) – or total amount of revenue spent on reimbursement of AFL listed players – at the conclusion of the 2012 season was $173.7 million, up by 13 per cent from $153.7 million in 2011.^[31]

The breaches of the salary cap and salary floor regulations outlined by the AFL are: exceeding the TPP; falling below the salary floor; not informing the AFL of payments; late or incorrect lodgement or loss of documents; or engaging in draft tampering. Penalties include fines of up to triple the amount involved ($10,000 for each document late or incorrect lodged or lost), forfeiture of draft picks and/or deduction of premiership points. The most significant breach of the salary cap was that of the Carlton Football Club in the early 2000s.

Demographics

Matthew Pavlich, a South Australian, playing for Fremantle, a Western Australian club, at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Victoria against Melbourne.

Main articles: List of VFL/AFL players born outside of Australia, VFL/AFL players with international backgrounds and List of Australian rules footballers of Aboriginal descent

There were 801 players on AFL club senior, veteran, rookie and international lists in 2011, including players from every state and mainland territory of Australia.^[34] As of 2014, there are 68 players of Indigenous Australian descent on AFL club lists, comprising approximately 9% of the overall playing population.^[35]

There were 12 players recruited from outside of Australia on AFL lists in 2011, including 10 from Ireland, all converts from Gaelic football drafted as part of the Irish Experiment, and one each from the United States and Canada. There were also another five overseas-born players who emigrated to Australia at an early age on AFL lists.^[36]

An international rookie list and international scholarship list were introduced in 2006. The international rookie list includes up to two players between the ages of 15 and 23 who are not Australian citizens. These players may remain on this list for up to three years before they must be transferred to the senior or rookie list. For the first year, payments made to international-rookie-listed players fall outside the salary cap. The international scholarship list gives AFL clubs the option of recruiting up to eight players from outside Australia (other than Ireland). Irish players are required to either be placed on clubs' senior or rookie lists.^[37] At the beginning of 2011 there were 14 international scholarship players.^[38]

Of the 121 multicultural players, more than half have one parent from Anglophone countries, mainly the United Kingdom, Ireland and New Zealand.^[39]

Season structure

Pre-season

Main article: Australian Football League pre-season competition

From 1988 until 2013, the AFL ran a pre-season competition that finished prior to the commencement of the premiership season, which served as both warm-up matches for the season and as a stand-alone competition. It was mostly contested as a four-week knock out tournament, but the format changed after the expansion of the league beyond sixteen clubs in 2011. The competition has frequently been used to trial rule changes. In 2014, the competition format was abandoned, and practice matches are now played under the sponsored name NAB Challenge. This consists of all 18 clubs playing three matches each, which are played one or two games per day, for most days in late February and early March.

Premiership season

Themed rounds and special matches

Some rounds of the season are named as themed rounds, such as Rivalry Round (in which traditional rivals are matched up against each other), Women's Round and Heritage Round (where teams play in old style guernseys). Some matches are also themed for special events. For example, each year Collingwood play Essendon in the annual ANZAC Day match at the MCG and the game will typically sell out regardless of the positions of the two teams on the ladder due to their strong rivalry and huge followings. Another annual match is the Queen's Birthday game between Melbourne and Collingwood. As of 2006, Richmond and Essendon play in the Dreamtime at the 'G match. There are separate trophies for the matches between several clubs and former rivalries such as the Lake Trophy between St Kilda and the Sydney Swans.

Finals series

The top eight teams at the end of the AFL Premiership season compete in a four-week finals series throughout September, culminating in a grand final to determine the premiers. The grand final is traditionally played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on the afternoon of the last Saturday in September.

The winning team receives a silver premiership cup and a navy blue premiership flag with the exception of 1996 where a gold premiership cup was produced in celebration of the centenary season – a new one of each is manufactured each year. The flag has been presented since the league began and is traditionally unfurled at the team's first home game of the following season. The trophy was first introduced in 1959 and is manufactured annually by Cash's International at their metalworks in Frankston, Victoria.^[40] Additionally, each player in the grand final-winning team receives a premiership medallion.

Awards

The following major individual awards and accolades are presented each season:

Brownlow Medal – to the fairest and best player in the league, voted by the umpires
Coleman Medal – to the player who kicks the most goals during the home-and-away season
All-Australian team – a squad of 22 players deemed the best in their positions, voted by an AFL-appointed committee
Rising Star Award – to the fairest and best young player (under the age of 21 and with less than ten games' experience at the beginning of the year), voted by the All-Australian committee
Norm Smith Medal – the best player on the ground in the Grand Final, voted by a committee
Jock McHale Medal – the coach of the premiership-winning team
Mark of the Year – to the player who takes the best or most spectacular mark during the season
Goal of the Year – to the player who kicks the best or most spectacular goal during the season
Leigh Matthews Trophy – to the best player in the league, voted by the players through the AFL Players' Association

Other independent best and fairest awards are presented by different football and media organisations.

Team of the Century

To celebrate the 100th season of the VFL/AFL, the "AFL Team of the Century" was named in 1996.

AFL Team of the Century
B:	Bernie Smith (Geelong, West Adelaide)	Stephen Silvagni (Carlton)	John Nicholls (Carlton)
HB:	Bruce Doull (Carlton)	Ted Whitten (Footscray) Captain	Kevin Murray (Fitzroy, East Perth)
C:	Francis Bourke (Richmond)	Ian Stewart (Hobart, St Kilda, Richmond)	Keith Greig (North Melbourne)
HF:	Alex Jesaulenko (Carlton, St Kilda)	Royce Hart (Richmond)	Dick Reynolds (Essendon)
F:	Leigh Matthews (Hawthorn)	John Coleman (Essendon)	Haydn Bunton, Sr. (Fitzroy, Subiaco, Port Adelaide)
Foll:	Graham Farmer (Geelong, East Perth, West Perth)	Ron Barassi (Melbourne, Carlton)	Bob Skilton (South Melbourne)
Int:	Gary Ablett, Sr. (Hawthorn, Geelong)	Jack Dyer (Richmond)	Greg Williams (Geelong, Sydney, Carlton)

Coach:	Norm Smith (Melbourne, Fitzroy, South Melbourne)

Jack Elder was declared the Umpire of the Century to coincide with the Team of the Century. Since the naming of this side, most AFL clubs have nominated their own teams of the century. An Indigenous Team of the Century was also selected in 2005, featuring the best Aboriginal players of the previous 100 years from both the VFL/AFL and other state leagues.

Representative football

State football

Further information: Interstate matches in Australian rules football

Since 1999 there has been no official state representation for AFL players, despite the concept being well supported among fans and calls to re-introduce a State of Origin series.^[41]^[42]

History of the VFL/AFL's involvement

VFL players first represented the Victoria representative team in 1897 regardless of their state of origin.

Being the dominant league drawing many of the country's best players, the Victoria Australian rules football team (nicknamed the "Big V" and composed mostly of VFL players) dominated interstate matches until the introduction of State of Origin selection criteria by the Australian Football Council in 1977, after which Victoria's results with the other main Australian football states became more even.

The AFL Commission assumed control of interstate football in 1993 and co-ordinated an annual State of Origin series typically held during a mid-season bye round. However, after the 1999 series, the AFL declared the concept of interstate football "on hold" citing club's unwillingness to release star players and a lack of public interest and shifted its focus of representative football to the International Rules Series where it draws a greater television revenue.

The last time AFL players played formal interstate football was in the 1999 State of Origin Series when Victoria inflicted a massive defeat on South Australia in wet conditions in front of a crowd of 26,063. Just 10 years earlier, the same match with a plethora of star players attracted a crowd of 91,960.

A once-off representative match, known as the AFL Hall of Fame Tribute Match was played in 2008 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the sport. The match was played between a team of players of Victorian origin and a team of players of interstate origin (the "Dream Team")

Some past AFL players participate and help promote the E. J. Whitten Legends Game, however this event is not affiliated with or promoted by the AFL.

International Rules Series

Administration

Main article: AFL Commission

Audience

The AFL is the best-attended sporting league in Australia,^[44] and averaged 33,461 people per game over the 2013 season, giving AFL the 4th highest average attendance figures of any professional sport in the world.^[45] According to market research, the AFL is the second-most-watched sporting event in Australia, behind cricket.^[46] Currently, broadcast rights for the AFL are shared between the Seven Network (free-to-air), Foxtel and Austar (pay TV), and Telstra (internet). At the end of the 2014 season, a record 804,480 people were members of an AFL club.^[47]

Attendance

The following are the most recent season attendances:

Year	Home and Away	Average	Finals¹	Average¹	Grand Final
2015	6,367,302	32,321	518,694	57,663	98,633
2014	6,403,941	32,343	570,568	63,396	99,454
2013	6,372,784	32,186	558,391	62,043	100,007
2012	6,238,876	31,509	538,934	59,882	99,683
2011	6,533,138	34,937	614,250	68,250	99,537
2010	6,494,564	36,901	651,764	65,176	100,016⁴ and 93,853⁵
2009	6,375,622	36,225	615,463	68,385	99,251
2008	6,512,999	37,006²	571,760	63,258	100,012
2007	6,475,521	36,793	575,424	63,936	97,302
2006	6,204,056	35,250	532,178	59,131	97,431
2005	6,283,788	35,703	480,112	53,346	91,898³
2004	5,909,836	33,579	458,326	50,925	77,671³
2003	5,876,515	33,389	478,425	53,158	79,451³
2002	5,648,021	32,091	449,445	49,938	91,817
2001	5,919,026	33,631	525,993	58,444	91,482
2000	5,731,091	32,563	566,562	62,951	96,249
1999	5,768,611	32,776	472,007	52,445	94,228
1998	6,119,861	34,772	572,733	63,637	94,431
1997	5,853,449	33,258	560,406	62,267	99,645
1996	5,222,266	29,672	478,773	53,197	93,102
1995	5,119,694	29,089	594,919	66,102	93,678

¹ Finals total and Finals average include Grand Final crowds.
² Record.
³ Capacity reduced due to MCG refurbishment.
⁴ Crowd for the drawn Grand Final.
⁵ Crowd for the Grand Final Replay, played one week after the drawn Grand Final.

Television

Australian television

AFL matches are currently broadcast in Australia by the free-to-air Seven Network, subscription television provider Foxtel, and digital content provider Telstra. The 5-year deal, announced in April 2011, covers the 2012-2016 (inclusive) seasons. Telstra won the rights to broadcast one live match per week via IP Television and on its Telstra Mobile service. The deal was confirmed when the Seven Network, Foxtel and Telstra agreed to pay A$1.253 billion to the Australian Football League to broadcast every match of every round and all of the Finals Series across their platforms.^[48] As part of the agreement, Austar broadcasts Foxtel`s AFL coverage in the regional areas of Australia that are not part of Foxtel`s service area. Regional free-to-air broadcasters associated with the Seven Network – Prime7, GWN7, Seven Queensland, Southern Cross Television and WIN Television – all show Seven's coverage in their respective areas.

The Seven Network broadcasts four games from every round of the regular premiership season, as well as the AFL Finals Series and the AFL Grand Final. Foxtel broadcasts every match from every round, including simulcasts of all Seven Network games except for the Grand Final (which Seven shows exclusively live). Coverage is also available via Foxtel`s IP television service (Foxtel on T-Box).

Telecast history

The 1957 VFL season was the first broadcast after the commencement of television in Australia (introduced in 1956 to coincide with the Melbourne Olympic Games). During the late 1950s and 1960s, all Melbourne stations (ABV2, HSV7, GTV9 and, after it commenced in 1965, ATV0/ATV10) broadcast some games. However, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the VFL was concerned that direct telecasts may affect attendances and stations were only permitted to telecast a delayed replay of the last quarter of games. In the 1980s, the Seven Network was given exclusive rights to VFL/AFL games. The only year Seven did not telecast games was 1987, when the rights were bought by Broadcom, which on-sold the rights to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). The exclusive rights were won back by Seven in 1988.

With the launch of subscription television in Australia, AFL match coverage commenced on cable television. Optus Vision bid for and won exclusive pay TV rights from 1996–2001, screening coverage on its own 24-hour AFL channel, branded Sports AFL in Brisbane Sydney and Melbourne (where available). The Sports AFL channel was later closed due to financial issues and relaunched in March 1999 as C7 Sport by the Seven Network with AFL match coverage also transferred to the new channel. C7 Sport became available in regional areas not in the Foxtel or Optus Vision licence area via Austar soon after the re-launch. The AFL coverage was not available through Foxtel at this time as the Seven Network and Foxtel disagreed on the cost of carrying the C7 channel. These issues regarding C7 and AFL broadcsting rights evolved into a court case between not just the Seven Network and News Limited, but Seven against the owners of the Nine Network and Network Ten in the years that followed.

In late 2000, the Seven Network's main rivals, the Kerry Packer led Nine Network, Network Ten and pay-TV's Foxtel set up a consortium which bid $500 million for the right to broadcast the 2002–2006 seasons inclusive. Seven had purchased a guaranteed right to make the last bid in 1995,^[49] but decided not to outbid their rivals.^[50] The games were split between the networks, with Nine screening Friday Night Football and two matches on Sunday, Ten screened a Saturday afternoon and a Saturday night match, with the remaining four matches shown on Foxtel. Foxtel set up its own version of a dedicated AFL-only channel, the Fox Footy Channel, which showed every game on replay during the week as well as many news, talkback and general interest shows related to Australian rules football.^[51]

When the rights were offered again in January 2006 for the 2007 to 2011 seasons, Seven formed an alliance with Ten and used its guaranteed last bid rights to match Nine's offer of $780 million to win back the broadcast rights in what was the biggest sport telecasting deal in Australian history at the time. After lengthy negotiations, Foxtel agreed to be a broadcast partner and now showed four live matches each week, although no longer on a dedicated AFL channel.^[49] Seven took back the Friday night match and only one game on Sunday, while Ten retained showing two matches on Saturdays. Foxtel showed two games on Saturday and two on Sunday, including a late afternoon or twilight game.^[52]

International broadcast partners

Historically AFL broadcasts in other countries have varied.

In the 1980s, VFL matches were shown in the United States on ESPN for some time. In the early 1990s, Prime Network, an American regional sports network unrelated to the Australian regional television network, aired Seven's weekly highlight show as well as the Grand Final. Some other English speaking countries have shown the game, however it has been since 2008 that channels in other countries began televising matches. From 1998 to 2006 games were broadcast in the United States by the Fox Sports World network.^[53]

In 2007, after the record domestic television rights deal, the AFL secured an additional bonus: greater international television rights and increase exposure to overseas markets, including a five-year deal with Setanta Sports and new deals with other overseas pay-TV networks. The deal ended early in 2009 when Setanta stopped broadcasting into Great Britain. ESPN again took up the contract.^[54]

The following countries are ranked by the approximate extent of their current television coverage (and whether it is free to air):

Station/Channel	Countries	Free/Subscription	Home & Away	Finals	Grand Final	Broadcasting since	Notes
ESPN Africa	Africa	Subscription	1 game per week (live/delay)	Live			See also Australian rules football in Africa
TSN2	Canada	Subscription			Live		See also Australian rules football in Canada, AFANA
DirecTV Sports	Caribbean South America	Subscription	4 games per week (live/highlights/replay)	Live	Live
TG4	Ireland	Free	One game per week (highlights)				See also Australian rules football in Ireland
UPC Ireland	Ireland	Subscription					See also Australian rules football in Ireland
EM TV	Papua New Guinea	Free	1–3 per week (highlights)	Live	Live		See also Australian rules football in Papua New Guinea
Fiji TV	Fiji	Free	1 (live/replay)	Live	Live		See also Australian rules football in Fiji
International Channel Shanghai	Peoples Republic of China	Free	1 (live)	Live	Live		See also Australian rules football in China
CCTV5+	Peoples Republic of China	Free	1 (live)	Live	Live		See also Australian rules football in China
Australia Plus	Asia-Pacific region, Indian Subcontinent, Middle East	Free (Subscription in some)	5 per week	Yes	Live
Eurosport 2	Europe	Free	One game per week (highlights/live/replay)		Live		See also Australian rules football in Europe
Fox Sports Israel	Israel	Subscription					See also Australian rules football in the Middle East
SKY Sports	México Central America	Subscription	Four games per week (highlights/live/replay)	Live	Live
ShowSports 2	Middle East, Asia	Subscription
Sommet Sports	New Zealand	Free	All matches live or delayed + Highlights	Live	Live	2013	See also Australian rules football in New Zealand
Sky Sport	New Zealand	Subscription	1–2 (live/delayed) + highlights				See also Australian rules football in New Zealand
Canal+ (Spain)	Spain	Free	highlights, delayed matches			2009	See also Australian rules football in Spain
Sky Digital	United Kingdom	Subscription					See also Australian rules football in the United Kingdom
BT Sport	United Kingdom	Subscription				2014	See also Australian rules football in the United Kingdom
ESPN UK	United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland	Subscription	3 games per week (highlights/live/replay)			2009	See also Australian rules football in the United Kingdom, See also Australian rules football in Ireland
Fox Sports 2	United States	Subscription	1 to 3 games per week, some finals	Yes		2013	See also Australian rules football in the United States, AFANA
Fox Soccer Plus	United States	Subscription	varying number of games per week, some finals, Grand Final	Yes			See also Australian rules football in the United States, AFANA
MHz Worldview	United States	Subscription	"Game of the Week" (one-week delay) (highlights)		Live		See also Australian rules football in the United States, AFANA

Global

The AFL has stated that it wishes to showcase the footballing code to other countries such as India, China and South Africa so as to create a global following thus creating more exposure for its sponsors in the increasing Asian and African markets.^[55] On 17 October 2010, AFL clubs Melbourne Demons and Brisbane Lions played an exhibition game in front of almost 10,000 people at the Riverside Sports Center in Shanghai. This was the first professional AFL game to be played in China.

The AFL has garnered increased interest in Ireland due to the introduction of the International Rules series played between an AFL picked All Australian Team and Ireland. This paved the way for young Irish footballers to be rostered to AFL teams mainly due to the fact that salaries in the AFL are much larger than that of Gaelic Football although most Irish players fail to make the grade into 1st team football.^[56] This also paved the way for extended news coverage and increased broadcasting in the UK and Ireland.

Radio

The first broadcast of a VFL game was by 3AR in 1923, the year that broadcasting officially commenced in Australia. The first commentator was Wallace (Jumbo) Shallard, a former Geelong player who went on to have a long and respected career in print and broadcast media. The VFL/AFL has been broadcast every year since then by the ABC and (since 1927) by various commercial stations. The saturation period was the early 1960s when seven of the eight extant radio stations (3AR, 3UZ, 3DB, 3KZ, 3AW, 3XY and 3AK) broadcast VFL games each week, as well as broadcasts of Geelong games by local station 3GL. (At this time, the only alternative that radio listeners had to listening to the football on a Saturday afternoon were the classical music and fine arts programs that were broadcast by 3LO).

Currently, the official radio broadcast partners of the AFL are:

Triple M Melbourne
K-Rock Geelong
3AW Melbourne
FIVEaa Adelaide
6PR Perth
SEN 1116 Melbourne
98.9FM Brisbane
Triple M Sydney (Broadcasts only Swans and Giants matches)
Triple M Brisbane (Broadcasts only Lions matches)
Triple M Adelaide
Australian Broadcasting Corporation – (ABC Grandstand) broadcasts matches across Australia on the ABC Local Radio network and via the ABC News Radio network to selected major cities in NSW\QLD\ACT.

Internet

The official internet/mobile broadcast partner of the AFL is Bigpond, part of Telstra. The AFL also provides exclusive broadband content including streaming video for international fans via its website. Bigpond also hosts the official websites of all the 17 AFL clubs excluding Essendon.

The service is also provided to international subscribers. Delayed video is available 12 hours or more after the game.

However, the website is frequently derided by users for its convoluted information architecture and bloated presentation.^[57]^[58]

Since 2012, Telstra has broadcast live matches over its Next G mobile network for a pay-per-view or season fee.^[59]

Corporate relations

Sponsorship

The following are the official naming sponsors of the VFL/AFL competition:

Carlton & United Breweries (1980–81, 86, 89–94, 2001–03)
Holden (1982–83)
Nissan (1984–85)
Sportsplay (1987)
Elder's IXL (1988)
Coca-Cola (1995–2001)
Toyota (2004–present)

¹Note: In 2001 CUB and Coca-Cola were joint sponsors

The official print broadcast partner of the AFL is News Limited. The AFL Record is a match-day magazine published by the AFL and is read by around 225,000 people each week.

Membership

The AFL sells memberships that entitle subscribers to reserve seats for matches at Docklands Stadium and Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne. AFL members also receive priority access to finals. Two levels of memberships are now offered, silver and full, with the main difference being that only full members have guaranteed access to Preliminary and Grand Final matches.^[60]

Merchandising

The AFL runs a chain of stores that sell merchandise from all clubs. Merchandise is also available from other retailers.

AFL World

A modern museum called the Hall of Fame and Sensation opened in Melbourne in 2003 to celebrate the culture of the AFL and to provide a venue for the Australian Football Hall of Fame. The museum, a licensed offshoot of the AFL, was originally touted for the MCG, but the Hall of Fame failed to get support from the Melbourne Cricket Club. The new QV shopping centre on Swanston Street was then chosen as the location. However, controversy followed the appointment of an administrator as the museum began running at a loss. Many blamed high entry prices, which were subsequently reduced, and the museum remains open to the public. In early 2006 the name was changed to AFL World. It features various honour boards and memorabilia as well as a range of innovative interactive displays designed to immerse visitors in the experience of elite Aussie Rules. It was closed down in 2008.

Video games

Main article: AFL (video game series)

The following is a list of all the video games from the AFL video game series:

Aussie Rules Footy (1991) NES
AFL Finals Fever (1996) Microsoft Windows
AFL 98 (1998) PlayStation, Microsoft Windows
AFL 99 (1999) PlayStation, Microsoft Windows
Kevin Sheedy's: AFL Coach 2002 (2001) Microsoft Windows
AFL Live 2003 (2002) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox
AFL Live 2004 (2003) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox
AFL Live Premiership Edition (2004) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox
AFL Premiership 2005 (2005) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox
AFL Premiership 2006 (2006) PlayStation 2
AFL Premiership 2007 (2007) PlayStation 2
AFL Mascot Manor (2009) Nintendo DS
AFL Challenge (2009) PlayStation Portable
AFL Live (2011, 2012) PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
AFL (Wii) (2011, 2012) Wii
AFL Live 2 (2013) PlayStation 3, Xbox 360

Gambling

The AFL is the subject of footy tipping and betting competitions around Australia run by individuals, syndicates, workplaces and professional bookmakers. In recent years national website based tipping competitions have started to replace the traditional, but more labour-intensive, office or pub run competitions.

Fantasy football competitions based on actual player statistics (number of kicks, marks, goals etc.) are also very popular on websites and in newspapers.

Notes

1.^ Including Fitzroy's victories, 11 in total.

2.^ Includes 3 Premierships, from their time as South Melbourne Football Club.

References

1 2 "The University Team". The Argus (Melbourne, VIC). 18 September 1914. p. 4.
1 2 "Exit University – Football League Retirement". The Argus (Melbourne, VIC). 17 October 1914. p. 20.
↑ Barry Rollings (15 April 1976). "First NFL Cup match next month". The Canberra Times (Canberra, ACT). p. 18.
↑ "Rules pools plan". The Canberra Times (Canberra, ACT). 16 November 1976. p. 18.
↑ "VFL criticised". The Canberra Times (Canberra, ACT). 12 November 1976. p. 22.
↑ "$2m night-football plan". The Canberra Times (Canberra, ACT). 28 June 1978. p. 36.
↑ David Eastman. "1979 NFL Escort Cup". Retrieved 15 November 2014.
↑ John Devaney (2014), Clubs of the South Australian National Football League, Great Britain: Full Points Publication, p. 252
↑ "National Panasonic Cup". AustralianFootball.com. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
↑ "AUSTRALIAN FOOTBAll". The Canberra Times 55, (16,459) (Australian Capital Territory, Australia). 18 October 1980. p. 48. Retrieved 4 May 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
↑ Oakley, Ross (2014). The Phoenix Rises. Melbourne: Slattery Media Group. p. 244. ISBN 9780987420596.
↑ Oakley, Ross (2014). The Phoenix Rises. Melbourne: Slattery Media Group. p. 131. ISBN 9780987420596.
↑ Peter Simunovich (24 July 1987). "Top WAFL clubs eye VFL spot". The Sun News-Pictorial (Melbourne, VIC). p. 78.
↑ Linnell, Garry (1995). Football Ltd. Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia. p. 297. ISBN 0-330-35665-8.
↑ "ABN lookup". Aust Govt. 8 April 2007.
↑ Wilson, Caroline; Raid on home turf of league; Realfooty.com.au; 16 February 2008
↑ "AFL". Retrieved 6 August 2015.
↑ Holmesby, Luke (24 April 2013). "Riewoldt proud to be part of historic occasion". Official website. St Kilda. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
↑ Wilson, Caroline (26 April 2013). "We want AFL team: Kiwis". The Age (Melbourne: Fairfax Media). Retrieved 27 April 2013.
1 2 All venues – AFL Tables. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
↑ Melbourne Cricket Ground – austadiums. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
↑ AFL Venues – Australian Football League. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
↑ NZ: All your questions answered | St Kilda website. Retrieved 17 April 2013
↑ Phelan, Jennifer (5 October 2013). "Saints lock in five-year NZ deal". Retrieved 6 October 2013.
↑ "New Tigers unveiled today – Official AFL Website of the Richmond Football Club". Richmond Football Club. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
↑ Anderson, Adrian (14 August 2012). "Rookie Rule Amendments" (PDF). AFL. p. 3. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
↑ Lane, Samantha (6 August 2011). "Players' trade surprise". The Age (Melbourne).
↑ Denham, Greg (24 February 2010). "Free agency becomes a reality". The Australian.
↑ O'Donoghue, Craig (25 October 2003). "AFL rejects free agency". The Age (Melbourne).
↑ The AFL's equalisation changes explained (Archived 5 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine.)
1 2 – "Millionaires' club explodes," www.afl.com.au; retrieved 20 December 2013.
↑ Massive pay hike
↑ "AFL clears Buddy Franklin's $10m move". The Australian. 9 October 2013.
↑ 2011 club lists – afl.com.au. Published 7 December 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
↑ 2014 Indigenous Players List– aflcommunityclub.com.au. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
↑ Current AFL players with strong international connections – WorldFootyNews. Last updated 7 January 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
↑ International recruitment about to explode? – WorldFootyNews. Written by Brett Northey. Published 17 March 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
↑ Current players listed via the AFL's International Scholarship List – WorldFootyNews. Last updated 25 February 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
↑ "A multicultural AFL? Not quite". The Age. 13 July 2013.
↑ link Australian Football League Frequently Asked Questions
↑ Robertson, Doug; Cornes calls for Origin return; Adelaide Now; 25 February 2007
↑ Anderson, Jon (10 May 2012). "Rodney Eade supports return of State of Origin". Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012.
↑ Stephen Linnell; Patrick Smithers (20 July 1993). "United club stand forces AFL to back down on expulsion power". The Age (Melbourne, VIC). pp. 37–38.
↑ Australia's Battle of the Codes – Statistics – Convict Creations. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
↑ List of attendance figures at domestic professional sports leagues – AFLTables. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
↑ Cricket and AFL dominate sports watched on TV – Roy Morgan Online. Published 25 January 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
↑ Sports Business Insider/ AFL (2013). – AFL. Published 23 August 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
↑ "AFL's $1.25 billion broadcast deal". Afl.com.au. 2011-04-28. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
1 2 Day, Mark (1 February 2007); Pay TV strikes a deal on AFL; The Australian
↑ Reynolds, Fiona (25 January 2001); Seven gives up AFL rights; PM (ABC radio)
↑ Live and sweaty; 22 August 2002
↑ Barrett, Damian (20 January 2007); Foxtel in footy twilight zone; Herald Sun
↑ The day I bought the AFL TV rights
↑ ESPN picks up AFL in UK and Ireland
↑ AFL hopes to net China | Herald Sun
↑ "The AFL is tempting Ireland’s true promise". The Roar. 22 October 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
↑ New AFL Website – Whirlpool forums.
↑ New AFL website – how bad is it? – BigFooty
↑ "Watch every AFL game this season on your Telstra mobile for $50". EFTM. 13 February 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2012. External link in |publisher= (help)
↑ "Home - Australian Football League". Retrieved 6 August 2015.

External links

AFL official site

Statistics and Results

Major AFL news Sites

Clubs in the Australian Football League

Clubs	Adelaide Brisbane Lions Carlton Collingwood Essendon Fremantle Geelong Gold Coast Greater Western Sydney Hawthorn Melbourne North Melbourne Port Adelaide Richmond St Kilda Sydney West Coast Western Bulldogs

Former clubs	Brisbane Bears (1987–1996) Fitzroy (1897–1996) University (1908–1914)

Victorian/Australian Football League seasons

VFL seasons	1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

AFL seasons	1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Australian rules football

Leagues and competitions	National: Australian Football League, AFL women's league (from 2017) Second-tier: Victorian Football League, South Australian National Football League, West Australian Football League, North East Australian Football League Junior: TAC Cup, AFL Under 18 Championships Other: Northern Territory Football League, Queensland Australian Football League, Sydney AFL, Tasmanian Football League

History	History of the VFL/AFL Origins Marn Grook Early VFL finals systems Australian rules football during the World Wars Interstate football

Variations	Relationship between Gaelic football and Australian rules football Auskick Rec Footy International rules football Lightning football Metro Footy Superules VFA rules (1938–1949) Women's Footy

International	Countries playing Australian rules football Australian Football International Cup Tournaments

Awards	Brownlow Medal (Winners) Coleman Medal All-Australian team Norm Smith Medal Australian Football Hall of Fame AFL Rising Star AFLPA Awards – Leigh Matthews Trophy Best and Fairest Goal of the Year Mark of the Year Michael Tuck Medal Sandover Medal Magarey Medal AFL Coaches Association Awards

Major events	AFL Grand Final International Rules Series Anzac Day clash The Showdown QClash Western Derby Dreamtime at the 'G Queen's Birthday clash Carlton–Collingwood AFL rivalry Port Adelaide-Norwood SANFL rivalry

Culture	Australian popular culture Terms and jargon Footy tipping Australian rules football families Banner AFL Record Video games Mascot Manor Television shows

Related articles	VFL/AFL Premiers VFL/AFL Coaches VFL/AFL records After the siren kicks First kick/first goal 300 game players 500 goal players

Sports leagues of Australia

Football codes	Australian Rules Futsal Gridiron Rugby league Rugby union Soccer Touch Football

Other	Baseball Basketball Cricket (Twenty20) Cricket (Limited Overs) Cricket (First Class) Hockey Ice Hockey Lawn bowls Surfing Touring cars Water Polo

Women's	Australian Rules Baseball Basketball Cricket (Twenty20) Cricket (Limited Overs) Gridiron Hockey Ice Hockey Netball Rugby league Rugby union Soccer

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Friday, May 06, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.