Piledriver (microarchitecture)

Piledriver - Family 15h (2nd-gen)

Produced	From mid-2012 to present
Common manufacturer(s)	AMD
Min. feature size	32 nm SOI GB
Instruction set	AMD64 (x86-64)
Socket(s)	Socket AM3+ Socket FM2 Socket FS1 Socket FP2 (µBGA-827)
Predecessor	Bulldozer - Family 15h
Successor	Steamroller - Family 15h (3rd-gen)
Core name(s)	AMD APU AMD FX Opteron

AMD Piledriver Family 15h is a microarchitecture developed by AMD as the second-generation successor to Bulldozer. It targets desktop, mobile and server markets. It is used for the AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (formerly Fusion), AMD FX, and the Opteron line of processors.

The changes over Bulldozer are incremental. Piledriver uses the same "module" design. Its main improvements are to branch prediction and FPU/integer scheduling, along with a switch to hard-edge flip-flops to improve power consumption. This resulted in clock speed gains of 8–10% and a performance increase of around 15% with similar power characteristics.^[1] FX-9590 is around 30–35% faster than Bulldozer-based FX-8150, mostly because of higher clock speed.

Products based on Piledriver were first released on 15 May 2012 with the AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU), code-named Trinity, series of mobile products.^[2] APUs aimed at desktops followed in early October 2012 with Piledriver-based FX-series CPUs released later in the month.^[3][4] Opteron server processors based upon Piledriver were announced in early December 2012.^[5]

Design

Piledriver includes improvements over the original Bulldozer microarchitecture:^[6][7]

• Clustered Multi-Thread
• Higher clock rates
• Instructions per clock (IPC) improvements
• Lower power consumption and temperatures
• Turbo Core 3.0
• Faster integrated memory controller (IMC)
• Fixed hardware divider
• Improved branch prediction and prefetching
• Improved floating-point and integer scheduling
• Support for Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX)1.1,^[8][9] FMA3, FMA4, F16C, BMI1 and TBM
• Larger L1 translation lookaside buffers (TLB) and L2 efficiency improvements
• Switch to hard-edge flip-flops, allowing a decrease in power consumption
• Cyclos resonant clock mesh (RCM) technology^[10]
• 17–220 W thermal design power (TDP)
• Video Coding Engine

Processors

Desktop

Model	CPU					GPU			TDP	Memory	Turbo Core	Socket
	Modules (Cores)	Frequency	Max. Turbo	L2 Cache	L3 Cache	Model	Config	Freq.
FX-9590	4 (8)	4.7 GHz	5.0 GHz	4 × 2 MB	8 MB	N/A			220 W	DDR3-2133	Yes (3.0)	AM3+
FX-9370		4.4 GHz	4.7 GHz
FX-8370		4.0 GHz	4.3 GHz						125 W	DDR3-1866
FX-8370E		3.3 GHz	4.3 GHz						95 W
FX-8350		4.0 GHz	4.2 GHz						125 W
FX-8320		3.5 GHz	4.0 GHz
FX-8320E		3.2 GHz	4.0 GHz						95 W
FX-8300		3.3 GHz	4.2 GHz						95 W
FX-6350	3 (6)	3.9 GHz	4.2 GHz	3 × 2 MB					125 W
FX-6300		3.5 GHz	4.1 GHz						095 W
FX-4350	2 (4)	4.2 GHz	4.3 GHz	2 × 2 MB	4 MB				125 W
FX-4320		4.0 GHz	4.2 GHz						095 W
FX-4300		3.8 GHz	4.0 GHz
A10-6800K		4.1 GHz	4.4 GHz		N/A	HD 8670D	384:24:8	844 MHz	100 W	DDR3-2133		FM2
A10-6700		3.7 GHz	4.3 GHz						065 W	DDR3-1866
A10-5800K		3.8 GHz	4.2 GHz			HD 7660D		800 MHz	100 W
A10-5700		3.4 GHz	4.0 GHz					760 MHz	065 W
A8-6600K		3.9 GHz	4.2 GHz			HD 8570D	256:16:8	844 MHz	100 W
A8-6500		3.5 GHz	4.1 GHz					800 MHz	065 W
A8-5600K		3.6 GHz	3.9 GHz			HD 7560D		760 MHz	100 W
A8-5500		3.3 GHz	3.7 GHz						065 W
A6-6400K	1 (2)	3.9 GHz	4.1 GHz	1 MB		HD 8470D	192:12:4	800 MHz
A6-5400K		3.6 GHz	3.8 GHz			HD 7540D		760 MHz
A4-5300		3.4 GHz	3.6 GHz			HD 7480D	128:8:4	723 MHz		DDR-1600
A4-4000		3.0 GHz	3.2 GHz							DDR-1333

The K suffix denotes an unlocked A-series processor. All FX-series processors are unlocked unless otherwise specified.

Mobile

Model	CPU				GPU				TDP	Memory	Socket
	Modules (Cores)	Frequency	Max. Turbo	L2 Cache	Model	Config	Freq.	Turbo
A10-5750M	2 (4)	2.5 GHz	3.5 GHz	2 × 2 MB	HD 8650G	384:24:8	533 MHz	720 MHz	35 W	DDR3-1866	FS1r2
A10-4600M		2.3 GHz	3.2 GHz		HD 7660G		496 MHz	685 MHz
A8-5550M		2.1 GHz	3.1 GHz		HD 8550G	256:16:8	554 MHz	720 MHz
A8-4500M		1.9 GHz	2.8 GHz		HD 7640G		496 MHz	685 MHz
A6-5350M	1 (2)	2.9 GHz	3.5 GHz	1 MB	HD 8450G	192:12:4	533 MHz	720 MHz		DDR3-1600
A6-4400M		2.7 GHz	3.2 GHz		HD 7520G		496 MHz	685 MHz
A4-5150M			3.3 GHz		HD 8350G	128:8:4	514 MHz	720 MHz
A4-4300M		2.5 GHz	3.0 GHz		HD 7420G		480 MHz	655 MHz
A10-5757M	2 (4)	2.5 GHz	3.5 GHz	2 × 2 MB	HD 8650G	384:24:8	533 MHz	720 MHz	35 W	DDR3-1600	FP2(BGA)
A10-5745M		2.1 GHz	2.9 GHz		HD 8610G		533 MHz	626 MHz	25 W	DDR3-1333
A10-4655M		2.0 GHz	2.8 GHz		HD 7620G		360 MHz	496 MHz
A8-5557M		2.1 GHz	3.1 GHz		HD 8550G		515 MHz	720 MHz	35 W	DDR3-1600
A8-5545M		1.7 GHz	2.7 GHz		HD 8510G		450 MHz	554 MHz	19 W	DDR3-1333
A8-4555M		1.6 GHz	2.4 GHz		HD 7600G		320 MHz	424 MHz
A6-5357M	1 (2)	2.9 GHz	3.5 GHz	1 MB	HD 8450G	192:12:4	533 MHz	720  MHz	35 W	DDR3-1600
A6-5345M		2.2 GHz	2.8 GHz		HD 8410G		450 MHz	600 MHz	17 W	DDR3-1333
A6-4455M		2.1 GHz	2.6 GHz		HD 7500G	256:16:8	327 MHz	424 MHz
A4-5145M		2.0 GHz			HD 8310G	192:12:4	424 MHz	544 MHz
A4-4355M		1.9 GHz	2.4 GHz		HD 7400G		327 MHz	424 MHz

History

Komodo platform

Leaked roadmaps showed Piledriver CPUs featuring up to ten cores as part of the Komodo platform. Komodo was to launch in 2012 on the FM2 socket, but this never happened. AMD kept the AM3+ socket for the FX series and put the Piledriver-based APUs on FM2.^[11]

FX-series, Athlon and Opteron

In 2010^[12] AMD revealed that the 2nd generation was scheduled for 2012; AMD referred to this generation as Enhanced Bulldozer. This later generation of Bulldozer core was codenamed Piledriver.

• Vishera FX-series CPU - Desktop Performance market (Volan platform):^[13] This FX-series aimed at 95-220 W TDP features 4, 6 and 8 Piledriver core CPU models; with Turbo Core 3.0 while using the existing Socket AM3+ format and 900 series motherboard chipsets of the 1st generation FX-series Zambezi processor. The 2nd generation FX-series was released on 23 October 2012 with the FX-8350, FX-8320, FX-6300 and FX-4300 CPU models. The FX-8350 featured slightly improved power consumption and was found to be approximately 15% more powerful than the fastest Bulldozer CPU. The 2nd generation FX-series was praised for its affordability. The FX 8320 was recognized as a performance/$ winner, often matching Intel's i7 2600 at half the cost.^[14][15] The Vishera CPUs competed well when compared to similarly priced Intel Ivy Bridge CPUs in multi-core-aware applications and somewhat underperform in overall efficiency and in tasks where most CPU cores were not fully utilized such as single-threaded applications and a number of games.^[16][17]

On June 11, 2013, AMD announced two additional FX-series eight Piledriver core CPUs, the FX-9590 and FX-9370, running at a maximum turbo speed of 5.0 GHz and 4.7 GHz respectively, making AMD the first company to ever release a 5 GHz CPU commercially.^[18]

• Trinity & Richland Athlon series CPU - Desktop Budget market: Socket FM2 Athlon X4 730, 740, 750K and 760k CPU models feature the four Piledriver core Trinity microarchitecture but lack on-chip integrated graphics. Athlon X2 340 is dual core model.^[19][20][21] Socket FM2 Richland based Athlon X4 760K and Athlon X2 370K CPUs, both with no GPU and four and dual cores respectively were expected.^[22][23]

For the server market, three versions were stated to be under development:^[24]

• Web serving, Web hosting, and Microserver platform (1 CPU) market: Opteron 3200-series (Zurich; 4 or 8 cores) was to be replaced by Delhi (4 or 8 cores) using the Socket AM3+ format from the Desktop FX-series line. The memory controller was to support dual-channel DDR3 memory configuration.
• Cost/energy efficient server (1 to 2 CPUs) market: Opteron 4200-series (Valencia; 6 or 8 cores) was to be replaced by Seoul (6 or 8 cores). Seoul would continue to use the Socket C32 format. The memory controller would support dual-channel DDR3 memory configuration.
• Enterprise/mainstream server (2 to 4 CPUs) market: Opteron 6200-series (Interlagos; 4, 8, 12, and 16 cores) was to be replaced by Abu Dhabi (4, 8, 12, and 16 cores)). Abu Dhabi will continue to use the Socket G34. The memory controller would support quad-channel DDR3 memory configuration.

APU lines

• Trinity A-series APU - Desktop Budget and Mainstream market (Virgo platform):^[25] The Stars-based Llano Socket FM1 Fusion APU line replacements are the 2 and 4 Piledriver core Socket FM2 Trinity Fusion APUs. The A10-5800K, A10-5700, A8-5600K, A8-5500, A6-5400K and A4-5300 APU models were released on 2 October 2012.^[26] Trinity processor model numbers ending with the letter "K" denote processors with an unlocked CPU multiplier. The Trinity APU line was praised for its superior integrated graphics performance but underperformed comparable Intel CPU models in most computationally intensive tasks.^[27]
• Trinity A-series APU - Notebook Mainstream and Performance market (Comal platform):^[25] Notebook computers featuring Trinity APUs shipped as early as June 2012.^[28] The mobile Trinity series features four APUs: A10-4600M, A8-4500M, A6-4400M and A4-4300M. In March 2013, AMD announced two more mobile models: A8-4557M and A10-4657M.^[29]

In January 2013, AMD officially introduced a new series of APUs codenamed Richland.^[30] The series features six new APUs in total. The fastest model, the A10-6800K, featured two Piledriver modules operating at 4.1 GHz and 4.4 GHz in turbo mode and an integrated HD 8670D GPU with 384 stream processors operating at 844 MHz.^[31][32] Only the A10-6800K has official DDR3-2133 memory support.^[33] The A10-6800K offered approximately 5% performance improvements in performance applications and 3D games over its A10-5800K Trinity based predecessor, largely due to Richland's higher clock speeds and higher overclocking potential than Trinity. On March 12, 2013, AMD officially introduced four Richland mobile APUs.^[34] On June 4, 2013, AMD officially announced six Richland desktop APUs.^[35][36]

Performance

In January 2012, Microsoft released two hotfixes (2646060 and 2645594) for Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 that significantly improved the performance of Clustered Multi-Thread based AMD CPUs by improving thread scheduling.^[37][38]

Windows 8 supports CMT-based CPUs out of the box by addressing each core as logical cores and modules as physical cores.

See also

• Steamroller (microarchitecture)
• List of AMD CPU microarchitectures
• AMD Accelerated Processing Unit
• List of AMD accelerated processing unit microprocessors
• List of AMD FX microprocessors
• Opteron

References

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3. "New AMD A-Series Processors Bring Faster Speeds, High Core Count and AMD Radeon HD 7000 Series Graphics to Do-It-Yourself PC Enthusiasts and Gamers". AMD. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
4. "New AMD FX Line-Up Brings Faster Speeds and Higher Performance Core over Previous Generation to PC Enthusiasts and Gamers". AMD. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
5. "New AMD Opteron 4300 and 3300 Series Processors Deliver Ideal Performance, Power and Price for Cloud Applications". Press release. AMD. 4 December 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
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8. Constantin Murariu (30 April 2012). "AMD Trinity Architectural Preview - Part II". Softpedia. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
9. Charlie Demerjian (2012-05-25). "Trinity is more than the sum of its parts". SemiAccurate. Retrieved 2013-10-23.
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12. AMD financial analyst day 2010 press kit, Blogs.amd.com, retrieved 2012-01-23
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16. Ilya Gavrichenkov (22 October 2012). "AMD FX-8350 Processor Review: Tuned-Up Bulldozer". Retrieved 7 January 2014.
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27. AMD Trinity for Desktops. Part 2: Socket FM2 Platform and AMD A10-5800K Processor Review - X-bit labs
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31. "AMD A10-Series A10-6800K - AD680KWOA44HL / AD680KWOHLBOX". cpu-world.com. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
32. Peter Scott. "More Richland details leak, six parts confirmed". fudzilla.com. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
33. Fuad Abazovic. "Top Richland 28nm APU is A10 6800K". fudzilla.com. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
34. "AMD intros 35W Richland mobile APUs". techreport.com. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
35. "AMD A-SERIES APUs: Made for Combat. Ready for War". Sites.amd.com. 2013-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-23.
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37. An update is available for computers that have an AMD FX, AMD Opteron 4200, AMD Opteron 6200, or AMD Bulldozer series processor installed and that are running Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2, support.microsoft.com, 2012-01, retrieved 2014-02-11 Check date values in: |date= (help)
38. An update that selectively disables the Core Parking feature in Windows 7 or in Windows Server 2008 R2 is available, support.microsoft.com, 2012-01, retrieved 2014-02-11 Check date values in: |date= (help)