Names of God in Islam
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The 99 names of God (Arabic: أسماء الله الØسنى‎ ʾAsmÄʾu l-LÄhi l-ḤusnÄ "Beautiful Names of God") are the names of God in Islam. They are described in the Quran and Sunnah, among other places.[1][2]
According to hadith there is a special group of 99 names, but no enumeration of them. Thus the exact list is not agreed upon, and the names of God (as adjectives, word constructs, or otherwise) exceed a total of 99 in the Quran and Sunnah. According to a hadith narrated by Abdullah ibn Masud, some of the names of God have also been hidden from mankind.[3]
Origin
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According to Islamic tradition,[4] Muhammad is said to have invoked God by a number of names. The most common hadith used to cite the 99 names is considered weak, though there are less-commonly cited hadith that are considered authentic and also support the same point.[5] A widely accepted hadith in Sahih Muslim states:
Abu Hurairah reported Allah's Messenger [Muhammad] (may peace be upon him) as saying: "There are ninety-nine names of Allah; he who commits them to memory would get into Paradise. Verily, Allah is Odd and He loves odd numbers. And in the narration of Ibn 'Umar [the words are]: "He who enumerated them"."
Over time, it became custom to recite a list of 99 names, compiled by al-Walid ibn Muslim, as an addendum to the hadith.
The Quran refers to the names of God as God's "most beautiful Names" (al-ʾasmÄʾ al-ḥusná).[7] According to Gerhard Böwering:
They are traditionally enumerated as 99 in number to which is added as the highest Name (al-ism al-ʾaʿẓam), the Supreme Name of God: AllÄh. The locus classicus for listing the Divine Names in the literature of QurʾÄnic commentary is 17:110, “Call upon God, or call upon The Merciful; whichsoever you call upon, to Him belong the most beautiful Names,†and also 59:22-24, which includes a cluster of more than a dozen Divine epithets.
Mystic philosopher Ibn Arabi surmised that the 99 names are outward signs of the universe's inner mysteries.[5][8]
Most, though not all, of the 99 names appear in the Quran with a smaller number appearing exclusively in the hadith.[5][8][9][10] The total number of all names in both the Quran and the hadith actually add up to more than 99,[8][11][12] though only 99 are supposedly those which are referred to in the hadith as the exclusion of others.
Lists of names
There is no universal agreement among Muslims as to what exactly counts as a name of Allah, and what does not. Additionally, while some names are only in the Qur'an, and others are only in the hadith, there are some names which appear in both. Different sources give different lists of the 99 names.[5][8]
Arabic | Transliteration | Translationa | Usage | Type of referenceb | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | الرØمن | Ar-Rahman | The Exceedingly Compassionate, The Exceedingly Beneficent, The Exceedingly Gracious (to all of humanity and all creatures) | Ar-RaḥmÄn Beginning of every Surah (chapter) except one, and numerous other places. The first verse ('ayat) of Surah ar-Rahman (Surah 55) consists only of this Name. | D |
![]() | الرØيم | Ar-Rahim | The Exceedingly Merciful | Ar-Raḥīm Beginning of every Surah (chapter) except one, and numerous other places (there are a total of 114 Surahs in the Quran.) | D |
![]() | الملك | Al-Malik | The King, The Sovereign | Al-Malik, 59:23, 20:114, 23:116 | D |
![]() | القدوس | Al-Quddus | The Holy, The Divine, The Pure, The Purifier | Al-Quddūs, 59:23, 62:1 | D |
![]() | السلام | As-Salam | The Peace, The Source of Peace and Safety | As-SalÄm, 59:23 | D |
![]() | المؤمن | Al-Muʾmin | The Granter of Security | Al-Muʾmin, 59:23 | D |
![]() | المهيمن | Al-Muhaymin | The Controller | Al-Muhaymin, 59:23 | D |
![]() | العزيز | Al-Aziz | The Almighty, The Invulnerable, The Honorable | Al-ʿAzīz, 3:6, 4:158, 9:40, 48:7, 59:23 | D |
![]() | الجبار | Al-Jabbar | The Irresistible, The Compeller | Al-JabbÄr, 59:23 | D |
![]() | المتكبر | Al-Mutakabbir | The Majestic, The Supreme | Al-Mutakabbir, 59:23 | D |
![]() | الخالق | Al-Khaliq | The Creator | Al-KhÄliq, 6:102, 13:16,[13] 36:81, 39:62, 40:62, 59:24 | D |
![]() | البارئ | Al-Bariʾ | The Evolver, The Maker | Al-BÄriʾ, 59:24 | D |
![]() | المصور | Al-Musawwir | The Fashioner, The Shaper, The Designer | Al-Muṣawwir, 59:24 | D |
![]() | الغÙار | Al-Ghaffar | The Repeatedly Forgiving | Al-GhaffÄr, 20:82, 38:66, 39:5, 40:42, 71:10 | D |
![]() | القهار | Al-Qahhar | The Subduer | Al-QahhÄr, 12:39, 13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4, 40:16 | D |
![]() | الوهاب | Al-Wahhab | The Bestower | Al-WahhÄb, 3:18, 38:9, 38:35 | D |
![]() | الرزاق | Ar-Razzaq | The Provider, The Sustainer | Ar-RazzÄq, 51:58 | D |
![]() | الÙØªØ§Ø | Al-Fattah | The Opener, The Victory Giver | Al-FattÄḥ, 34:26 | D |
![]() | العليم | Al-ʿAlim | The All-Knowing, Omniscient | Al-ʿAlīm, 2:158, 3:92, 4:35, 24:41, 33:40 | D |
![]() | القابض | Al-Qabid | The Restrainer, The Straightener | Al-QÄbiá¸, 2:245 | V |
![]() | الباسط | Al-Basit | The Extender / Expander | Al-BÄsiá¹, 2:245 | V |
![]() | الخَاÙÙض | Al-Khafid | The Abaser, The Humiliator, The Downgrader | Al-KhÄfiá¸, 56:3, see al-KafÊ¿amÄ«[14] | O |
![]() | الراÙع | Ar-RafiÊ¿ | The Exalter, The Upgrader | Ar-RÄfiÊ¿, 58:11, 6:83 | V |
![]() | المعز | Al-Muʿizz | The Giver of Honor | Al-Muʿizz, 3:26 | V |
![]() | المذل | Al-Muzill | The Giver of Dishonor | Al-Muzill, 3:26 | V |
![]() | السميع | As-Sami' | The All-Hearing | As-Samīʿ, 2:127, 2:256, 8:17, 49:1 | D |
![]() | البصير | Al-Basir | The All-Seeing | Al-Baṣīr, 4:58, 17:1, 42:11, 42:27 | D |
![]() | الØكم | Al-Hakam | The Judge, The Arbitrator | Al-Ḥakam, 22:69 | V |
![]() | العدل | Al-ʿAdl | The Utterly Just | Al-ʿAdl, 6:115, See al-Kafʿamī[15] | |
![]() | اللطي٠| Al-Latif | The Gentle, The Subtly Kind | Al-Laá¹Ä«f, 6:103, 22:63, 31:16, 33:34 | D |
![]() | الخبير | Al-Khabir | The All-Aware | Al-Khabīr, 6:18, 17:30, 49:13, 59:18 | D |
![]() | الØليم | Al-Halim | The Forbearing, The Indulgent | Al-ḤalÄ«m, 2:235, 17:44, 22:59, 35:41 | A |
![]() | العظيم | Al-ʿAzim | The Great, The Magnificent | Al-ʿAẓīm, 2:255, 42:4, 56:96 | D |
![]() | الغÙور | Al-Ghafur | The Much-Forgiving | Al-GhafÅ«r, 2:173, 8:69, 16:110, 41:32 | D |
![]() | الشكور | Ash-Shakur | The Grateful | Ash-Shakūr, 35:30, 35:34, 42:23, 64:17 | A |
![]() | العلي | Al-ʿAlī | The Sublime | Al-ʿAlī, 4:34, 31:30, 42:4, 42:51 34:23 | D |
![]() | الكبير | Al-Kabir | The Great | Al-Kabīr, 13:9, 22:62, 13:30, 34:23 | D |
![]() | الØÙيظ | Al-Hafiz | The Preserver | Al-Ḥafīẓ, 11:57, 34:21, 42:6 | A |
![]() | المقيت | Al-Muqit | The Nourisher | Al-Muqīt, 4:85 | I |
![]() | الØسيب | Al-Hasib | The Bringer of Judgment | Al-ḤasÄ«b, 4:6, 4:86, 33:39 | I |
![]() | الجليل | Al-Jalil | The Majestic, The Exalted | Al-Jalīl, 55:27, 7:143 | A, V |
![]() | الكريم | Al-Karim | The Bountiful, The Generous | Al-Karīm, 27:40, 82:6 | D |
![]() | الرقيب | Ar-Raqib | The Watchful | Ar-Raqīb, 4:1, 5:117 | D |
![]() | المجيب | Al-Mujib | The Responsive, The Answerer | Al-Mujīb, 11:61 | A |
![]() | الواسع | Al-WasiÊ¿ | The Vast, The All-Embracing, The Omnipresent, The Boundless | Al-WÄsiÊ¿, 2:268, 3:73, 5:54 | A |
![]() | الØكيم | Al-Hakim | The All-Wise | Al-ḤakÄ«m, 31:27, 46:2, 57:1, 66:2 | D |
![]() | الودود | Al-Wadud | The Loving | Al-Wadūd, 11:90, 85:14 | D |
![]() | المجيد | Al-Majid | The All-Glorious, The Majestic | Al-Majīd, 11:73 | A |
![]() | الباعث | Al-BaÊ¿ith | The Resurrector | Al-BÄÊ¿ith, 22:7 | V |
![]() | الشهيد | Ash-Shahid | The Witness | Ash-Shahīd, 4:166, 22:17, 41:53, 48:28 | A |
![]() | الØÙ‚ | Al-Haqq | The Truth, The Reality | Al-Ḥaqq, 6:62, 22:6, 23:116, 24:25 | D |
![]() | الوكيل | Al-Wakil | The Trustee, The Dependable, The Advocate | Al-Wakīl, 3:173, 4:171, 28:28, 73:9 | A |
![]() | القوي | Al-Qawiy | The Strong | Al-Qawiy, 22:40, 22:74, 42:19, 57:25 | D |
![]() | المتين | Al-Matin | The Firm, The Steadfast | Al-Matīn, 51:58 | D |
![]() | الولي | Al-Wali | The Friend, Patron and Helper | Al-Walī, 4:45, 7:196, 42:28, 45:19 | D |
![]() | الØميد | Al-Hamid | The All Praiseworthy | Al-ḤamÄ«d, 14:8, 31:12, 31:26, 41:42 | D |
![]() | المØصي | Al-Muhsi | The Accounter, The Numberer of All | Al-Muḥṣī, 72:28, 78:29 | V |
![]() | المبدئ | Al-Mubdiʾ | The Originator, The Producer, The Initiator | Al-Mubdiʾ, 10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13 | V |
![]() | المعيد | Al-Muʿid | The Restorer, The Reinstater Who Brings Back All | Al-Muʿīd, 10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13 | V |
![]() | المØيي | Al-Muhyi | The Giver of Life | Al-MuḥyÄ«, 7:158, 15:23, 30:50, 57:2 | V |
![]() | المميت | Al-Mumit | The Bringer of Death | Al-Mumīt, 3:156, 7:158, 15:23, 57:2 | V |
![]() | الØÙŠ | Al-Hayy | The Living | Al-Ḥayy, 2:255, 3:2, 20:111, 25:58, 40:65 | D |
![]() | القيوم | Al-Qayyum | The Subsisting, The Independent | Al-Qayyūm, 2:255, 3:2, 20:111 | D |
![]() | الواجد | Al-Wajid | The Perceiver, The Finder, The Unfailing | Al-WÄjid, 38:44 | V |
![]() | الماجد | Al-Majid | The Illustrious, The Magnificent | Al-MÄjid, 85:15, 11:73, see al-KafÊ¿amÄ«[16] | A |
![]() | الواØد | Al-Wahid | The Unique, The Single | Al-WÄḥid, 13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4 | D |
![]() | الاØد | Al-Ahad | The One, The Indivisible | Al-Aḥad, 112:1 | A |
![]() | الصمد | As-Samad | The Eternal, The Absolute, The Self-Sufficient | Aṣ-Ṣamad, 112:2 | D |
![]() | القادر | Al-Qadir | The All-Powerful, He Who is able to do Everything | Al-QÄdir, 6:65, 46:33, 75:40 | D |
![]() | المقتدر | Al-Muqtadir | The Determiner, The Dominant | Al-Muqtadir, 18:45, 54:42, 6:65 | A |
![]() | المقدم | Al-Muqaddim | The Expediter, He Who Brings Forward | Al-Muqaddim, 16:61 | V |
![]() | المؤخر | Al-Muʾakhkhir | The Delayer, He Who Puts Far Away | Al-Muʾakhkhir, 71:4 | V |
![]() | الأول | Al-Awwal | The First, The Beginning-less | Al-Awwal, 57:3 | D |
![]() | الأخر | Al-Aakhir | The Last, The Endless | Al-Aakhir, 57:3 | D |
![]() | الظاهر | Az-Zahir | The Manifest, The Evident, The Outer | Aẓ-ẒÄhir, 57:3 | D |
![]() | الباطن | Al-Batin | The Hidden, The Unmanifest, The Inner | Al-BÄá¹in, 57:3 | D |
![]() | الوالي | Al-Wali | The Patron, The Protecting Friend, The Friendly Lord | Al-WÄlÄ«, 13:11 | I |
![]() | المتعالي | Al-MutaÊ¿ali | The Supremely Exalted, The Most High | Al-MutaÊ¿ÄlÄ«, 13:9 | D |
![]() | البر | Al-Barr | The Good, The Beneficent | Al-Barr, 52:28 | D |
![]() | التواب | At-Tawwab | The Ever-Returning, Ever-Relenting | At-TawwÄb, 2:128, 4:64, 49:12, 110:3 | D |
![]() | المنتقم | Al-Muntaqim | The Avenger | Al-Muntaqim, 32:22, 43:41, 44:16 | P |
![]() | العÙÙˆ | Al-Ê¿Afu | The Pardoner, The Effacer, The Forgiver | Al-Ê¿AfÅ«, 4:43, 4:99, 4:149, 22:60, 58:2 | V, I |
![]() | الرؤو٠| Ar-Raʾuf | The Kind, The Pitying | Ar-Raʾūf,3:30, 9:117, 57:9, 59:10 | I |
![]() | مالك الملك | Malik-ul-Mulk | Owner of all Sovereignty | MÄlik-ul-Mulk, 3:26 | D |
![]() | ذو الجلال والإكرام | Lord of Majesty and Generosity | DhÅ«-l-JalÄli-wa-l-ikrÄm, 55:27, 55:78 | D | |
![]() | المقسط | Al-Muqsit | The Equitable, The Requiter | Al-Muqsiá¹,7:29, 3:18, See al-KafÊ¿amÄ«[17] | O |
![]() | الجامع | Al-JamiÊ¿ | The Gatherer, The Unifier | Al-JÄmiÊ¿, 3:9 | I |
![]() | الغني | Al-Ghani | The Rich, The Independent | Al-Ghanī,3:97, 39:7, 47:38, 57:24 | I, A, D |
![]() | المغني | Al-Mughni | The Enricher, The Emancipator | Al-Mughnī, 9:28 | V |
![]() | المانع | Al-ManiÊ¿ | The Withholder, The Shielder, The Defender | Al-MÄniÊ¿, See al-KafÊ¿amÄ«[18] | |
![]() | الضار | Ad-Darr | The Distressor, The Harmer, The Afflictor | Aá¸-ḌÄrr, 6:17, see al-KafÊ¿amÄ«[19] | |
![]() | الناÙع | An-NafiÊ¿ | The Propitious, The Benefactor, The Source of Good | An-NÄfiÊ¿, 30:37, see al-KafÊ¿amÄ«[19] | |
![]() | النور | An-Nur | The Light | An-Nūr, 24:35 | I |
![]() | الهادي | Al-Hadi | The Guide, The Way | Al-HÄdÄ«, 22:54 | I |
![]() | البديع | Al-Badiʿ | The Incomparable, The Unattainable, The Beautiful | Al-Badīʿ, 2:117, 6:101 | I |
![]() | الباقي | Al-Baqi | The Immutable, The Infinite, The Everlasting | Al-BÄqÄ«, 55:27, see al-KafÊ¿amÄ«[20] | V |
![]() | الوارث | Al-Warith | The Heir, The Inheritor of All | Al-WÄrith, 15:23, 57:10 | P |
![]() | الرشيد | Ar-Rashid | The Guide to the Right Path | Ar-Rashīd, 2:256, 72:10, see al-Kafʿamī[20] | |
![]() | الصبور | As-Sabur | The Timeless, The Patient | Aṣ-Ṣabūr, 2:153, 3:200, 103:3 | I |
a Can vary based on context. b D = Direct; V = from Verb; A = from Adjective or Adjectival Phrase; I = from Indefinite noun; P = from Plural noun; O = Other |
The Greatest Name
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The 99 names point to the inherent unity of the all-embracing Greatest Name (Ismul A'dham, الإسم الأعظم).[21] In Islamic traditions, it is stated "The Greatest Name of Allah is the one which if He [Allah] is called (prayed to) by it, He will Answer."[22]
Personal names
A Muslim may not be given any of the 99 names of God in exactly the same form. For example, nobody may be named al-Malik "the King", but may be named Malik "King". This is because of the belief that God is almighty, and no human being is the equivalent of God, and no human being will ever be the equivalent of God. Muslims are allowed to use the 99 names of God for themselves but should not put 'Al' at the front of them.[23]
However the names of God can be combined with the word "‘Abd-", which means "slave" (of God) and are commonly used as Arabic name among Muslims, such as Abd al-Rahman. The two parts of the name may be written separately (as above) or combined as one transliterated name; in such a case, the vowel transcribed after "Abd" is often written as u when the two words are transcribed as one: e.g., Abdurrahman, Abdul'aziz, "Abdul Jabbar", or even Abdullah ("Servant of God"). (This has to do with Arabic case vowels, the final u vowel showing the normal "quote" nominative/vocative case form: ʿabdu.)
Some Muslim people have names resembling those 99. Examples include:
- Rahmaan, such as Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais.
- Salaam, such as Salam Fayyad.
- Jabbaar, such as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.
- Hakeem, such as Sherman "Abdul Hakim" Jackson.
- Ra'oof, such as Ra'ouf Mus'ad.
- Malik, such as Malik Shabazz (Malcolm X).
- Abdul Muqtedar as in M. A. Muqtedar Khan.
Views of other religions
Bábà and Bahá'à view
Bahá'à sources state that the 100th name was revealed as "Bahá’" (Arabic: بهاء‎ "glory, splendor"), which appears in the words Bahá'u'lláh and Bahá'Ã. They also believe that it is the greatest name of God.[24][25] The Báb wrote a noted pentagram-shaped tablet with 360 derivatives of the word "Bahá'" used in it.[24]
According to Bahá'à scholar ‘Abdu’l-HamÃd Ishráq-Khávari, BahÄʾ al-dÄ«n al-Ê¿Ä€milÄ« adopted the Persian poetic pen name "BahÄʾ" after being inspired by the words of the fifth Twelver Imam, Muhammad al-Baqir, and the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq, who stated that the greatest name of God was included in either the DuÊ¿Äʾu l-BahÄʾ, a dawn prayer for Ramadan, or the AÊ¿mal Ê¿am DawÅ«d.[24] In the first verse of the duÊ¿Äʾu l-BahÄʾ, the name "BahÄʾ" appears four times.[26]
See also
- Basmala
- List of Arabic theophoric names
- Names of God
- Names of God in Judaism
- Sahasranama, the Hindu lists of 1000 names of God.
- The 99, a comic book based on the 99 names of God in Islam.
- The Nine Billion Names of God, a short story by Arthur C. Clarke.
References
Citations
- ↑ Fleming, Marrianne; Worden, David (2004). Religious Studies for AQA; Thinking About God and Morality. Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers. ISBN 0-435-30713-4.
- ↑ Abdullah Saeed, The Qur'an: An Introduction, pg. 63. London: Routledge, 2008. ISBN 9781134102945
- ↑ Taymiyya, Ibn. The Goodly Word: al-Kalim al-Ṭayyib. Islamic Texts Society. p. 72. ISBN 1-903682-15-0.
- ↑ Ibn Majah, Book of Duʿa; Malik ibn Anas, Muwatta Imam Malik.
- 1 2 3 4 Diane Morgan, Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice, pg. 10. Santa Barbara, California Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2010. ISBN 9780313360251
- ↑ Sahih Muslim, 35:6475
- ↑ See the surahs "al-A'raf" (7:180), "al-Isra" (17:110), "Ta-Ha" (20:8) and "al-Hashr" (59:24).
- 1 2 3 4 Malcolm Clark, Islam For Dummies. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. ISBN 9781118053966
- ↑ Martin Parsons, Unveiling God, pg. 206. William Carey Library, 2005. ISBN 9780878084548
- ↑ Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, pg. 515. Infobase Publishing, 2009. ISBN 9781438126968
- ↑ Susanne Enderwitz, "The 99: Islamic Superheroes - A New Species." Taken from Transcultural Turbulences: Towards a Multi-Sited Reading of Image Flows, pgs. 84-85. Springer, 2011. ISBN 9783642183935
- ↑ The 99 names of Allah; the ‘Most Beautiful Names’ at BBC Online. Accessed 8 April 2014.
- ↑ "Al-Quran (القرآن) :: Online Quran Project :: Translation and Tafsir".
- ↑ al-KafÊ¿amÄ«, ʾIbrahÄ«m bin Ê¿AlÄ« (1436-1500 CE). al-MaqÄm al-asnÄ fÄ« tafsÄ«r al-asmÄʼ al-ḥusnÄ. Beirut: DÄr al-HÄdÄ« (1992). page 38. (WorldCat listing)
- ↑ al-KafÊ¿amÄ«, ʾIbrahÄ«m bin Ê¿AlÄ« (1436-1500 CE). al-MaqÄm al-asnÄ fÄ« tafsÄ«r al-asmÄʼ al-ḥusnÄ. Beirut: DÄr al-HÄdÄ« (1992). page 40. (WorldCat listing)
- ↑ al-KafÊ¿amÄ«, ʾIbrahÄ«m bin Ê¿AlÄ« (1436-1500 CE). al-MaqÄm al-asnÄ fÄ« tafsÄ«r al-asmÄʼ al-ḥusnÄ. Beirut: DÄr al-HÄdÄ« (1992). page 48. (WorldCat listing)
- ↑ al-KafÊ¿amÄ«, ʾIbrahÄ«m bin Ê¿AlÄ« (1436-1500 CE). al-MaqÄm al-asnÄ fÄ« tafsÄ«r al-asmÄʼ al-ḥusnÄ. Beirut: DÄr al-HÄdÄ« (1992). pages 58-59. (WorldCat listing)
- ↑ al-KafÊ¿amÄ«, ʾIbrahÄ«m bin Ê¿AlÄ« (1436-1500 CE). al-MaqÄm al-asnÄ fÄ« tafsÄ«r al-asmÄʼ al-ḥusnÄ. Beirut: DÄr al-HÄdÄ« (1992). page 61. (WorldCat listing)
- 1 2 al-KafÊ¿amÄ«, ʾIbrahÄ«m bin Ê¿AlÄ« (1436-1500 CE). al-MaqÄm al-asnÄ fÄ« tafsÄ«r al-asmÄʼ al-ḥusnÄ. Beirut: DÄr al-HÄdÄ« (1992). page 58. (WorldCat listing)
- 1 2 al-KafÊ¿amÄ«, ʾIbrahÄ«m bin Ê¿AlÄ« (1436-1500 CE). al-MaqÄm al-asnÄ fÄ« tafsÄ«r al-asmÄʼ al-ḥusnÄ. Beirut: DÄr al-HÄdÄ« (1992). page 64. (WorldCat listing)
- ↑ Schimmel, Annemarie (1993). The Mystery of Numbers. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. p. 271. ISBN 0-19-508919-7.
- ↑ Momen, Moojan (2000). Islam and the Bahá'à Faith. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 241. ISBN 0-85398-446-8. The endnote states: "Ibn Májah, Sunan, 34. (Kitáb ad-Du'á), ch. 9, no. 3856, vol. 2, p. 1267. See also: Ad-DárimÃ, Sunan, 23 (Fada'il al-Qur'án), ch. 15, no. 3296, vol. 2, pp. 324-5. Similar statements in Shi'i Traditions include: MajlisÃ, Bihár al-Anwár, vol. 26. p. 7."
- ↑ Archived January 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
- 1 2 3 Lambden, Stephen (1993). "The Word Bahá': Quintessence of the Greatest Name". Bahá'à Studies Review 3 (1).
- ↑ Smith, Peter (2000). "greatest name". A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'à Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 167–8. ISBN 1-85168-184-1.
- ↑ Khadem, Dhikru'llah (March 1976). "Bahá'u'lláh and His Most Holy Shrine". Bahá'à News (540): 4–5.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Names of God in Islam. |
- 99namesallah.org, containing 99 names of God with complete reference to the Holy Quran (also pdf, powerpoint format).
- Al-Rahman al-Rahim. Problems of Interpretation and Translation
- The Virtues of Reciting 99 Names of Allah
- The Beautiful Names of Allah, containing the derivation and meanings of the 99 names. Also has audio of someone saying each one.
- 99 Names of Allah, a more concise account of the attributes of God.
- The Most Beautiful Names of Allah. Lists the names in English as well as Arabic and the verses in which they are found in the Quran.
- Oil paintings of all the 99 names of Allah.
- (French) Exegesis of Names Of Allah
- (Arabic) al-MaqÄm al-asnÄ fÄ« tafsÄ«r al-asmÄʼ al-ḥusnÄ
- asmaul husna
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