Alexandros Hatzikyriakos

Alexandros Hatzikyriakos
Crowds celebrating in Athens the proclamation of the Republic in 1924, with placards of republican leaders Papanastasiou (left), Hatzikyriakos (center) and Kondylis (right)
Born	1 January 1874[1] Ermoupoli
Died	1958 Athens
Allegiance	Greece
Service/branch	Royal Hellenic Navy
Years of service	1899–1924
Rank	Rear Admiral
Wars	Balkan Wars, World War I, Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922
Relations	Nikos Hatzikyriakos-Gikas
Other work	MP, Minister for Naval Affairs (thrice), briefly Foreign Minister (twice)

Alexandros Hatzikyriakos (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Χατζηκυριάκος; 1874–1958) was a Greek Navy officer who rose to the rank of Rear Admiral. He played a major role in the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic in 1924, and served thrice as Minister for Naval Affairs and two brief periods as Foreign Minister.

Life

He was born in Ermoupoli, on the island of Syros, on 1 January 1874 to an old shipping family from Psara. His father, Nikolaos, was an industrialist, while his brother Andreas became a politician.^[2][3] He entered the Hellenic Navy Academy, and was commissioned as an Ensign in March 1899.^[2]

During the 1909 Goudi coup he took an active part as a member of the military revolutionary council.^[3] He fought in the Balkan Wars of 1912–13, first as captain of the destroyer Doxa, and then as battalion commander of the newly constituted naval infantry regiment (the future 29th Infantry Regiment) during the Second Balkan War (1913).^[2] In 1916 Hatzikyriakos joined the Provisional Government of National Defence under Eleftherios Venizelos, and was appointed as captain of the cruiser Georgios Averof, which he commanded during the Greek landing at Smyrna and the opening stages of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922.^[2]

Following the Greek defeat in the war and the outbreak of the September 1922 Revolution, he became a member of the revolutionary committee and assumed the command of the entire Greek fleet in anticipation of resumption of hostilities with Turkey.^[2] Following the peace with Turkey (Treaty of Lausanne) he entered politics and was elected as a representative for Athens in the IV National Assembly, where he became a leading figure in the eventual abolition of the Greek monarchy and the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic.^[2][3] He served as Minister for Naval Affairs in the Alexandros Papanastasiou cabinet (12 March 1924), serving until his resignation on 5 July 1924,^[4] after which he retired from active service with the rank of Rear Admiral.^[2]

Hatzikyriakos supported the June 1925 coup of general Theodoros Pangalos, and was appointed again as Minister for Naval Affairs in the new cabinet (serving also briefly as Foreign Minister during vacancies of the post in 26 June – 2 July and 26 October – 6 November) until his resignation on 8 January 1926.^[5] He served again as Minister for Naval Affairs in the 1933–35 Panagis Tsaldaris cabinet,^[6] resigning due to his failure to prevent the fleet's participation in the failed coup attempt on 1 March 1935. He then withdrew from public life, and died in Athens in 1958.

Hatzikyriakos was married to Eleni Gika, and their son was the painter Nikos Hatzikyriakos-Gikas.

References

1. Note: Greece officially adopted the Gregorian calendar on 16 February 1923 (which became 1 March). All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are Old Style.
2. Μεγάλη Στρατιωτική και Ναυτική Εγκυκλοπαιδεία. Τόμος Στ′: Σαράντα Εκκλησίαι – Ώχρα [Great Military and Naval Encyclopedia. Volume VI] (in Greek). Athens. 1930. pp. 574–575.
3. Πάπυρος Λαρούς Μπριτάννικα (in Greek). 61. Χαρώνεια-Ωώδης. Athens: Papyros. 1994. pp. 13–14.
4. Κυβέρνησις ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΠΑΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΟΥ - Από 12.3.1924 έως 25.7.1924 (in Greek). General Secretariat of the Government. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
5. Κυβέρνησις ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΥ ΠΑΓΚΑΛΟΥ - Από 26.6.1925 έως 19.7.1926 (in Greek). General Secretariat of the Government. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
6. Κυβέρνησις ΠΑΝΑΓΗ ΤΣΑΛΔΑΡΗ - Από 10.3.1933 έως 10.10.1935 (in Greek). General Secretariat of the Government. Retrieved 17 January 2014.