Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine
| Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Alfa Romeo |
| Production | 1954–1994 |
| Combustion chamber | |
| Configuration | DOHC 2-valve I4 |
| Displacement |
1.3 L (1290 cc/78 in³) 1.6 L (1570 cc/95 in³) 1.8 L (1779 cc/108 in³) 2.0 L (1962 cc/119 in³) |
| Cylinder block alloy | aluminium alloy |
| Cylinder head alloy | aluminium alloy |
| Combustion | |
| Fuel type | Petrol |
| Cooling system | Watercooled |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Alfa Romeo TwinSpark |
The all alloy Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine series was an Inline-four engine produced by Alfa Romeo from 1954 to 1994. For earlier Alfa Romeo engines featuring twin camshafts, refer to the main Alfa Romeo page. For the later 8 or 16-valve Twin Spark engines which also feature twin camshafts, please refer to the Alfa Romeo Twin Spark engine page.
History
The Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine was introduced in the 1290 cc Giulietta of 1954. The features of the Giulietta engine included:
- Aluminium alloy engine block with cast-iron cylinder liners
- Aluminium alloy cylinder head with hemispherical combustion chambers
- Forged steel crankshaft running in five main bearings
- Double overhead camshafts driven by a double row timing chain
- Camshafts directly actuate valves via bucket tappets
- Two inclined valves per cylinder with near central located spark plug
- Inlet and exhaust valves separated by an angle of 80 degrees
- An extremely large, flat, finned oil sump (pan) that kept the engine and oil so cool that in cold weather it was sometimes necessary to block off the radiator airflow to heat the water hot enough for the interior heater to be effective.
This made the Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine an advanced design for a production car of the mid-1950s. These design features, with minor variations, would form the basis of all future versions of the engine. The capacity was increased to 1570 cc with the introduction of the Giulia in 1962. Racing versions of the Giulia engine, include the twin plug engine used in the GTA which featured a cylinder head with two spark plugs per cylinder.
The twin cam engine was later increased to 1779 cc for the 1750 GTV and Berlina in 1968. The 1962 cc engine was introduced in 1971 for the 2000 GTV and Berlina 2000. Twin spark plug versions of the 1750 and 2000 were used for racing and there were a limited number of racing engines fitted with a 16 valve cylinder head.
In 1986, a turbocharged version of the 1779 cc single plug engine was fitted to the Alfa Romeo 75, providing 155 PS (114 kW; 153 bhp) in standard form and a potential for a power output of 300 bhp (220 kW) in Group A touring car racing form.
In 1987, the Alfa Romeo 75 was fitted with a twin spark plug per cylinder head design, which provides improved fuel ignition and allows an improved combustion chamber shape with narrower angle between intake and exhaust valve. This was combined with variable valve timing and electronic fuel injection to give a power output of 148 PS (109 kW; 146 bhp).
The last examples of this engine are the pre 1994 1750 cc, 1770 cc and 1995 cc 8V Twinspark engines featured in the 155 and 164. Post-1994 versions of these models featured the 16-valve Twinspark, which although sharing features with the previous engine, is a different design (part of FIAT's "Pratola Serra" engine series).
Production of the Alfa Romeo Twin Cam ended in 1994, by which time it had been superseded by the newer 16 valve Twin Spark engine.
Applications
- Alfa Romeo Romeo
- Alfa Romeo Disco Volante
- Alfa Romeo Giulietta
- Alfa Romeo Giulia
- Alfa Romeo Spider
- Alfa Romeo GTA
- Alfa Romeo TZ
- Alfa Romeo Gran Sport Quattroruote
- Alfa Romeo Giulietta (Nuova)
- Alfa Romeo 75
- Alfa Romeo 1750
- Alfa Romeo 2000
- Alfa Romeo Alfetta
- Alfa Romeo 90
- Alfa Romeo 164 (early 8V T/spark, modified cyl. head)
- Alfa Romeo 155 (early 8V T/spark, modified cyl. head)
See also
- Alfa Romeo V6 engine
- Alfa Romeo Twin Spark engine
- Double overhead cam
- Fiat Twin Cam engine
- Fiat Pratola Serra modular engines
References
- How To Power Tune Alfa Romeo Twin Cam Engines, Jim Kartalamakis, ISBN 1-903706-60-2.
