Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick

Lady Anne Beauchamp
suo jure Countess of Warwick Countess of Salisbury
Spouse(s)	Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick
Issue Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence Anne Neville, Queen of England
Noble family	Beauchamp
Father	Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick
Mother	Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester and Warwick
Born	13 July 1426
Died	20 September 1492 (aged 66)

Lady Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick (13 July 1426 – 20 September 1492) was the daughter of Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, and his second wife Isabel le Despenser, a daughter of Thomas le Despenser (22 September 1373 – 13 January 1399/1400) and Constance of York. Anne Beauchamp was the mother of Anne Neville, Queen consort of England as the spouse of King Richard III.^[1]

Inheritance

Anne de Beauchamp was born at Caversham Castle in Oxfordshire (now Berkshire). She became the wife of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick.^[2] Following the death of Anne de Beauchamp's father, and subsequently that of her brother, Henry, and her niece Lady Anne, Warwick inherited the title and the considerable estates of the Earl of Warwick through her.

However, this was contested by her three older half-sisters, children of her father's first marriage to Elizabeth, heir of Berkeley. One of these, Lady Eleanor, was married to Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset (killed at the First Battle of St Albans in 1455). The litigation over the Warwick inheritance only fueled the enmity between this branch of the Nevilles and the Beauforts who were closely related. Anne Beauchamp's husband, Richard, was the grandson of Lady Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, sister of the Duke's late father. Law considered that Anne Beauchamp being a full-blooded aunt of the last countess was more eligible to inherit than her older half-sisters, who were thus not coheirs with her, including the eldest - Lady Margaret, Countess of Shrewsbury (d. 1468). Richard Neville succeeded in keeping the Warwick and Despencer estates intact.^[3]

Children's marriages

Her older daughter, Lady Isabel, married George, Duke of Clarence, the younger brother of King Edward IV of England. Her younger daughter, Lady Anne Neville, was married to Edward of Westminster, the only son of King Henry VI. When Edward of Westminster was killed in the Battle of Tewkesbury, Anne Neville was married to Richard, Duke of Gloucester, later King Richard III of England. Although their mother was still living, the husbands of the two Neville sisters fought over her inheritance. In order to win his brother George’s final consent to the marriage with Anne, Richard renounced most of Warwick’s land and property including the earldoms of Warwick (which the Kingmaker had held in his wife’s right) and Salisbury and surrendered to Clarence the office of Great Chamberlain of England.^[4] After George was executed for treason in 1478, his son Edward inherited the title of Earl of Warwick, while Richard's son was styled Earl of Salisbury^[5]

Later life

Anne died in obscurity, having survived her husband, her daughters and the sons-in-law who had effectively disinherited her. She was in sanctuary at Beaulieu Abbey in 1486 when she petitioned Henry VII for the return of her estate. She recovered a small portion, but only on condition that she broke the entail and remit the bulk of them to Henry VII.^[3]"The 'Warwick and Spencer lands', her own patrimony became part of the crown estate."^[6]

Fictional portrayals

Anne, Countess of Warwick appears prominently in the Philippa Gregory novels The White Queen (2009), The Red Queen (2010), and The Kingmaker's Daughter (2012), and is played by Juliet Aubrey in the 2013 television adaptation of all three novels, The White Queen. She is depicted as a coldly ambitious mother to Isabel and Anne Neville, and her husband's staunchest supporter. A more sympathetic portrayal of the Countess of Warwick is in the novel The Sunne in Splendour by Sharon Kay Penman, and a maternal view of her is observed in The Reluctant Queen by Jean Plaidy. Novelist Sandra Worth represents the Countess as her husband's conscience in her five novels about the Wars of the Roses. The Countess is depicted as being especially close to her grandson Edward of Middleham.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Anne Neville, 16th Countess of Warwick

16. Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick               8. Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick                       17. Alice de Toeni               4. Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick                             18. Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March               9. Katherine Mortimer                       19. Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville               2. Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick                                   20. Henry Ferrers, 2nd Baron Ferrers of Groby               10. William Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Groby                       21. Isabel Verdon               5. Margaret Ferrers                             22. Robert d'Ufford, 1st Earl of Suffolk               11. Margaret Ufford                       23. Margaret Norwich               1. Anne Neville, 16th Countess of Warwick                                         24. Edward le Despenser               12. Edward le Despenser, 1st Baron le Despencer                       25. Anne Ferrers               6. Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester                             26. Bartholomew de Burghersh, 2nd Baron Burghersh               13. Elizabeth de Burghersh                       27. Cecily de Weyland               3. Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester and Warwick                                   28. Edward III of England               14. Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York                       29. Philippa of Hainault               7. Constance of York                             30. Peter of Castile               15. Infanta Isabella of Castile                       31. María de Padilla

References

1. Oxford DNB
2. Warwick Castle facts
3. M.A. Hicks, "Descent, Partition and extinction: the Warwick inheritance", Bulletin of the Institute for Historical Research LII (1979), pp. 116-128.
4. Kendall, P.M., Richard III, 1955
5. Ashdown-Hill, George The third Plantagenet
6. B.P. Wolfe, The Crown Lands 1461-1536: an aspect of Yorkist and Early Tudor Government (1970), p. 171.