Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria

Maria Maddalena of Austria
Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany
Tenure	17 February 1609 – 28 February 1621
Born	7 October 1589 Graz, Austria
Died	1 November 1631 (aged 42) Padua, Venice
Spouse	Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Issue	Ferdinando II, Grand Duke of Tuscany Cardinal Gian Carlo Margherita, Duchess of Parma Mattias, Governor of Siena Prince Francesco Anna, Archduchess of Austria Leopold, Governor of Siena
Full name Maria Magdalena
House	House of Habsburg
Father	Charles II, Archduke of Austria
Mother	Maria Anna of Bavaria

Maria Maddalena of Austria (Maria Magdalena; 7 October 1589 – 1 November 1631) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany from the accession of her husband, Cosimo II, in 1609 until his death in 1621. With him, she had eight children, including a duchess of Parma, a grand duke of Tuscany, and an archduchess of Further Austria. Born in Graz, she was the youngest daughter of Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria, and his wife Maria Anna of Bavaria. During the minority of her son, Grand Duke Ferdinando, she and her mother-in-law acted as regents. She died on 1 November 1631 in Padua.

Marriage

In 1608, Maria Maddalena was married to Cosimo de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany. Cosimo's father, Grand Duke Ferdinando I of Tuscany, arranged the marriage in order to assuage Spain's (where Maria Maddalena's sister was the incumbent queen) animosity towards Tuscany, which had been inflamed due to a string of Franco-Tuscan marriages.^[1]

Regency

She and Cosimo enjoyed a contented marriage. Together they had eight children. Cosimo II died in 1621, leaving their ten-year-old son Ferdinando as grand duke. Maria Maddalena and her mother-in-law, Christina of Lorraine, acted as regents until the boy came of age. Their collective regency is known as the Turtici. Maria Maddelana's temperament was analogous to Christina's. Together, they aligned Tuscany with the Papacy; re-doubled the Tuscan clergy; and allowed the trial of Galileo Galilei to occur.^[2] Upon the death of the last Duke of Urbino, instead of claiming the duchy for Ferdinando, who was married (needs clarification) his granddaughter, and heiress, Vittoria della Rovere, they permitted it to be annexed by Pope Urban VIII. In 1626, they banned any Tuscan subject from being educated outside the Grand Duchy, a law later resurrected by Maria Maddalena's grandson, Cosimo III.^[3] Harold Acton ascribes the decline of Tuscany to their regency.^[3] The Dowager Grand Duchesses sent Ferdinando on a tour of Europe in 1627.^[4]

The Grand Duchess died aged 42 after a visit to her brother Leopold in Innsbruck on the way back to Padua, Italy. Her son had been in power for a year.

Issue

1. Maria Cristina de' Medici (August 24, 1609 – August 9, 1632), she was deformed or mentally retarded ^[5]
2. Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (July 14, 1610 – May 23, 1670) married Vittoria della Rovere.
3. Gian Carlo de' Medici (July 24, 1611 – January 23, 1663) made Cardinal in 1644.
4. Margherita de' Medici (May 31, 1612 – February 6, 1679) married Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma.
5. Mattias de' Medici (May 9, 1613 – October 14, 1667) appointed Governor of Siena.
6. Francesco de' Medici (October 16, 1614 – July 25, 1634).
7. Anna de' Medici (July 21, 1616 – September 11, 1676) married Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria (1628–1662)
8. Leopoldo de' Medici (November 6, 1617 – November 10, 1675), made Cardinal in 1667.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria

16. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor               8. Philip I of Castile                       17. Mary of Burgundy               4. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor                             18. Ferdinand II of Aragon               9. Joanna of Castile                       19. Isabella I of Castile               2. Charles II of Austria                                   20. Casimir IV Jagiellon               10. Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary                       21. Elisabeth of Austria               5. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary                             22. Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale               11. Anna of Foix-Candale                       23. Catherine of Foix               1. Maria Maddalena of Austria                                         24. Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria               12. William IV, Duke of Bavaria                       25. Kunigunde of Austria               6. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria                             26. Philip I of Baden               13. Marie of Baden-Sponheim                       27. Elisabeth of the Palatinate               3. Maria Anna of Bavaria                                   28. Philip I of Castile (= 8.)               14. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (= 4.)                       29. Joanna of Castile (= 9.)               7. Anna of Austria                             30. Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary (= 10.)               15. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (= 5.)                       31. Anna of Foix-Candale (= 11.)

Citations

1. Hale, p 151
2. Acton, p 111
3. Acton, p 192
4. Strathern, p 375
5. Medici Archive

Bibliography

• Acton, Harold: The Last Medici, Macmillan, London, 1980, ISBN 0-333-29315-0
• Strathern, Paul: The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance, Vintage books, London, 2003, ISBN 978-0-09-952297-3
• Hale, J.R.: Florence and the Medici, Orion books, London, 1977, ISBN 1-84212-456-0

See also