Asprosin
| Fibrillin 1 | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | FBN1 |
| Entrez | 2200 |
| HUGO | 3603 |
| OMIM | 134797 |
| RefSeq | NP_000129 |
| UniProt | P35555 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 15 q21.1 |
Asprosin is a protein hormone that is produced by white adipose tissue in mammals (and potentially by other tissues), which is then transported to the liver and stimulates it to release glucose into the blood stream.[1][2] In the liver asprosin activates rapid glucose release by a cAMP-dependent pathway.[1] The glucose release by the liver into the blood stream is vital for brain function and survival during fasting.[1] People with neonatal progeroid syndrome lack asprosin, while people with insulin resistance have it in abundance.[3]
Asprosin is generated from the gene FBN1 (amino acid residues 2732–2871), which also generates fibrillin.[1]
Discovery
Asprosin was identified by Dr. Atul Chopra's laboratory at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas [1] in a study that analyzed DNA from two patients with neonatal progeroid syndrome (NPS).[4] NPS patients suffer from two distinct pathologies - Marfan syndrome due to mutated fibrillin, and reduced hepatic glucose production due to lack of asprosin. Truncating FBN1 mutations in these patients result in two consequences at the protein level - production of a mutant/truncated fibrillin protein, and as a result of dominant negative effect by it, very low plasma asprosin levels.
Therapeutic Potential
In animal tests asprosin showed potential for treating type 2 diabetes.[2] When antibodies targeting asprosin were injected into diabetic mice, blood glucose and insulin levels improved.[2]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Romere C, Duerrschmid C, Bournat J, Constable P, Jain M, Xia F, et al. (2016). "Asprosin, a Fasting-Induced Glucogenic Protein Hormone". Cell 165 (3): 566–79. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.063. PMID 27087445.
- 1 2 3 "Discovery of asprosin, new hormone could have potential implications in treatment of diabetes". Baylor College of Medicine. Apr 14, 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ↑ Grens K (April 15, 2016). "Newly Discovered Hormone Explains Disease". The Scientist. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ↑ Coghlan A (14 April 2016). "Newly discovered hormone could fight type 2 diabetes and obesity". New Scientist. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
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