Bates College

Bates College

Latin: Academia Batesina
Motto	Amore Ac Studio (Latin)
Motto in English	"With Ardor and Devotion" by Charles Sumner
Type	Private - Liberal Arts
Established	March 16, 1855[lower-alpha 1]
Endowment	$263.9 million (FY 2015)[1]
President	Clayton Spencer
Dean	Joshua McIntosh[2] Dean of Students Matthew Auer[3] Dean of Faculty Leigh Weisenburger[4] Dean of Admissions
Academic staff	204 (Fall 2015)[5]
Undergraduates	1,792 (Fall 2015)[5]
Location	Lewiston, Maine, U.S. 44°6′20″N 70°12′15″W / 44.10556°N 70.20417°WCoordinates: 44°6′20″N 70°12′15″W / 44.10556°N 70.20417°W
Campus	133-acre Main Campus Suburban 600-acre Bates-Morse Mountain campus 80-acre Coastal Center in Shortridge
Newspaper	The Bates Student[6]
Colors	Garnet[7]
Athletics	NCAA Division III – NESCAC
Mascot	Bobcat
Affiliations	CLAC NEASC Oberlin Group CBB Consortium
Website	Bates.edu

Bates College (/ˈbeɪts/ BAYTS)^[8] is a private liberal arts college in Lewiston, Maine.^[9] The college was founded in 1855 by prominent abolitionist statesmen and established with funds from Benjamin Bates. It was originally chartered by Oren Burbank Cheney, to teach moral philosophy, theology, and the classics, it expanded to encompass a liberal arts curriculum shortly after. Throughout its history, the college is most known for its academic rigor, and social inclusivity. The college is the second oldest coeducational college in the United States and the oldest in the Eastern United States.^[10][11][12]

Bates provides undergraduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. The college is a member of the eight Little Ivies, and is often referred to as a Hidden Ivy. It offers 36 departmental and interdisciplinary program majors and 25 secondary concentrations. Bates currently enrolls 1,792 students, 200 of whom study abroad each semester, making it the smallest in the NESCAC. It operates on a 4–4–1 academic calendar. This includes two semesters, plus a Short Term consisting of five weeks in the Spring. Prior to its Short Term the college holds its annual Mount David Summit. The college has a 10:1 student-faculty ratio, has an average class size of ten students, and offers an Oxbridge-style Honors Program.^[13] Students at the college may enroll at Dartmouth College, Columbia University, and Washington University, St. Louis,^{[lower-alpha 2]} to pursue their respective engineering programs, as a part of the college's Liberal Arts-Engineering Dual Degree Program.^[14] The college is currently ranked 8th in the country by Washington Monthly making it the top ranked college in New England, and 25th in the country by U.S News & World Report, putting it in the top 5% of all liberal arts colleges.^[15]

The central campus is located near the Androscoggin River, in downtown Lewiston. The overall architectural design of the college can be traced through the Colonial Revival architecture movement, and has distinctive Neoclassical, Georgian, and Gothic features.^[16] In addition to its main campus, the college also owns an 80-acre coastal studies center in Shortridge, Maine, and the 600-acre Bates-Morse Mountain in Phippsburg, Maine.^[17] The campus provides 33 Colonial and Victorian Houses, 9 residential halls,^[18] and a residential village for all class years.^[19]

The college was a Charter Member of its athletic conference, the NCAA Division III New England Small College Athletic Conference, and competes in the conference as the Bates Bobcats. Bates is also a founding member of the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, which is an athletic rivalry, and academic exchange program between the three schools. The students and alumni of Bates are well known for preserving a variety of strong campus traditions and activities.^[20][21][22] Bates College alumni include the following: 86 Fulbright Scholars,^[23] 22 Watson Fellows,^[24] 11 Olympians,^[25] 10 Justices on State Supreme Courts, 4 MacArthur Fellows,^[26] 4 Freedom Medal Recipients, 3 Pulitzer Prize Winners,^[27] 2 living billionaires, and 1 presidential candidate.^[28][29][30]

History

While attending Parsonsfield Seminary, a Freewill Baptist divinity school, Oren Burbank Cheney lamented the racial segregation and religious oppression that was embedded in American educational institutions. He subsequently sought to create an educational institution that catered to everyone that required it; and that it would take the form of a rigorous and academically prominent school.^[31]

The college's oldest academic building, Hathorn Hall

In 1836, Cheney enrolled in Dartmouth College (after briefly attending Brown), due to Dartmouth's significant support of the abolitionist cause against slavery. Abolitionism would become a foundational aspect of the future Bates College.^[32] After graduating, Cheney was ordained a Baptist minister and began to establish himself as an educational and religious scholar.^[33] News that Parsonsfield mysteriously burned down in 1853,^{[lower-alpha 3]} allegedly due to arson by opponents of abolition.^[34][35] The event caused Cheney to advocate for the building of a new seminary in a more central part of Maine.^[36][37]

With Cheney's influence in the legislature, the Maine State Seminary was chartered in 1855 and implemented a liberal arts and theological curriculum, making it one of the oldest liberal arts colleges in the United States. The campus ran parallel to Frye Street, an area that was part of an affluent residential district of Lewiston.^[38] Soon after establishment, multiple donors stepped forward^[39] to finance portions of the school, such as Seth Hathorn, who donated the first library and academic building, which was renamed Hathorn Hall. Cobb Divinity School (founded elsewhere in 1840) and Nichols Latin School became affiliated with the college in 1866 and 1870, respectively.^[40]

The school gained academic prominence through its intellectual focus, including maintaining three literary societies: the Literary Fraternity, Philomathean Society and Ladies' Athenaeum.^[41] The college was affected by the financial panic of the later 1850s and required additional funding to remain operational.^[42]

Cheney's impact in Maine was noted by Boston business magnate Benjamin Bates who developed an interest in the college. Mr. Bates gave $100,000 in personal donations and overall contributions valued at $250,000 to the college.^[43][44] The school was renamed Bates College in his honor in 1863 and was chartered to offer a liberal arts curriculum beyond its original theological focus.^[45] The year previous, the college graduated Frank Haven Hall, who would later revolutionize modern day computing and typography.^[46] Two years later the college would graduate the first woman to receive a college degree in New England, Mary Mitchel.^[47] Bates College already had a reputation for academic rigor and social inclusion and it primarily educated the middle and working classes from Maine.^[48][49] The seal of the college features a stag deer resting near a pine tree, left of a single of grain, representing the "impact of Maine's nature on the person", a lighted oil lamp representing "unwavering clarity in times of uncertainty", and an open book, representing "academic excellence and devotion."^[50][51]

Historical photo of Bates College playing a football game against Bowdoin College

The college began instruction with a six-person faculty tasked with the teaching of moral philosophy and the classics. From its inception, Bates College served as an alternative to a more traditional and historically conservative Bowdoin College.^[52][53] There is a long tradition of rivalry and competitiveness between the two colleges, revolving around socioeconomic class, academic quality, and collegiate athletics.^[54][55][56] The original faculty were abolitionists and several of the institution's first students were African Americans and women. Some members of the faculty voiced concern over the college's prestige when the first black and female students arrived, but the inclusive ethos of Bates as a progressive institution prevailed.^[57]

The college, under the direction of Cheney, rejected fraternities and sororities on grounds of unwarranted exclusivity.^[48] Cheney was a friend of U.S. Senator Charles Sumner who was among the most radical of the abolitionists in the U.S. Congress. Sumner also believed in integrated schools and equal rights for all races.^[58] Cheney asked Sumner to create a collegiate motto for Bates and he suggested the Latin phrase amore ac studio which he translated as "with love for learning" or "with ardor and devotion."^[59] During the American Civil War, Bates played an important role in advocating for the rights of African Americans. Many alumni fought or otherwise served in the Civil War. During this time, the Bates Board of Fellows was established, and notable members included James Blaine and Nelson Dingley.^[60] Bates graduated Brevet Major Holman Melcher, who served in the Union Army in the 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment. He was the first person to charge down Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg.^[61] The college graduated the last surviving Union general of the American Civil War, Aaron S. Daggett. The college's first African American student, Henry Chandler, graduated in 1874.^[62] James Porter, one of General Custer's eleven officers killed at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876 was also a Bates graduate. In 1884, the college graduated the first woman to argue in front of the U.S. Supreme Court, Ella Haskell.^[63]

Development

Bates students participating in Ivy Day, in 1943

In 1894, George Colby Chase led Bates to increased national recognition, and the college graduated one of the founding members of the Boston Red Sox, Harry Lord.^[64][65] During the Chase presidency, the college's debate team became intercollegiate and associated with the college's academic reputation.^[66][67] In 1920, the Bates Outing Club was founded and is one of the oldest collegiate outing clubs in the country, the first at a private college to include both men and women from inception, and one of the few outing clubs that remains entirely student run.^[68][69]

The debate society of Bates College, the Brooks Quimby Debate Council, became the first college debate team in the United States to compete internationally.^[30] In February 1920, the debate team defeated Harvard College during the national debate tournament held at Lewiston City Hall. After this, Bates was established as a dominant force in collegiate debate. In 1921, the college's debate team participated in the first intercontinental collegiate debate in history against the Oxford Union's debate team at the University of Oxford. In 1922, The New York Times called Bates "the power centre of college debating in America."^[70] Oxford's first debate in the United States was against Bates in Lewiston, Maine, in September 1923.^[71] Also in 1923, U.S. President Calvin Coolidge was given an honorary degree by Bates upon his election to the presidency. In addition, numerous academic buildings were constructed throughout the 1920s.

Robert F. Kennedy, in front of Smith Hall, during Winter Carnival

During 1943, the V-12 Navy College Training Program was introduced at Bates. Bates maintained a considerable female student body and "did not suffer [lack in student enrollment due to military service involvement] as much as male-only institutions such as Bowdoin and Dartmouth."^[30] During the war, a Victory Ship was named the S.S. Bates Victory, after the college.^[72] It was during this time that future U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy enrolled along with hundreds of other sailor-students.^[73][74][75]

The college began to compete athletically with Colby College, and in 1964, with Bowdoin created the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium. All three of the schools compete in the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) and share one of the ten oldest football rivalries in the United States.^[76]

In 1967, President Thomas Hedley Reynolds promoted the idea of teacher-scholars at Bates and secured the construction of numerous academic and recreational buildings.^[77] Most notably, Reynolds was integral to the acquisition of the Bates-Morse Mountain Conservation Area. Under Reynolds, Bates ceased being identified with any particular religion. Although never a sectarian college, Bates has historic ties to the Northern Freewill Baptist denomination whose members were instrumental in its founding. It maintained a nominal link to the Baptist tradition for 115 years. In 1970, that link ended when the college catalog no longer described Bates as a "Christian college." Bates College contributed to the movement to make standardized testing scores optional for college admission. In 1984, it became one of the first liberal arts colleges to make the SAT and ACT optional in the admission process.^[78] In 1989, Donald West Harward became president of Bates and greatly expanded the college's overall infrastructure by building 22 new academic, residential and athletic facilities, including Pettengill Hall, the Residential Village, and the Bates College Coastal Center at Shortridge.^[79][80]

Roger Wiliams Hall named after Protestant minister Roger Williams

21st century

Elaine Tuttle Hansen was elected as the first female president of Bates College^[81] and "developed greater resources for financial aid, increased diversity of the faculty and student body, strengthened environmental sustainability and stewardship, and made technological advances."^[82] She went on to undertake the largest capital campaign of the college, totaling $120 million in fundraising. Hansen began to modernize residential and academic buildings to include state of the art equipment and amenities. After announcing her retirement, Nancy J. Cable became interim president, to serve through June 30, 2012, while Bates conducted a national search for its eighth president. It was rumored that Harvard University dean, Clayton Spencer was to be appointed as her successor.^[83]

On Friday, Oct. 26, 2012, Spencer assumed the presidency. Her subsequent inauguration speech, "Questions Worth Asking" drew 2,500 students, faculty, alumni, and distinguished members of the American collegiate educational system in Merrill Gymnasium.^[84]

As of 2016, the college is constructing new facilities, residential dorms and academic buildings,^[85] and developing new areas of study.^[86] In February 2016, a gift of $19 million was given to the college in support of new academic programs.^[87] The chair of the Board of Trustees, Michael Bonney and his wife, Alison Grott Bonney gave $10 million, the largest donation by a single party in the history of Bates.^[88][89]

Academics

Entrance to the college's first academic building, Hathorn Hall, built in 1857

Bates offers 36 departmental and interdisciplinary program majors and 25 secondary concentrations, and confers Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees. Bates College enrolls 1,792 students, 200 of whom study abroad each semester.^[90] The academic year is broken up into three terms, primary, secondary, and short term, also known as the 4–4–1 academic calendar. This includes two semesters, plus a Short Term consisting of five weeks in the Spring, in which only one class is taken and in-depth coursework is commonplace.^[91] Two Short Terms are required for graduation, with a maximum of three.^[91]

The largest social science academic department at Bates College is its Economics department, followed by Psychology, Politics, and History. The largest natural science academic department is the Biology department, followed by Mathematics, Physics, and Geology.^[92] The academic program at Bates is known for low grade inflation, and stringent academic standards which has given the college the lowest average collegiate grade point average in the NESAC.^[54]

The college's Economics Department was the most cited of liberal arts colleges in the United States in 2001.^[93] In 2015, Bates produced 20 students who received Fulbright fellowships, attaining the distinction of "Fulbright Top Producer", and subsequently breaking the college's previous record, and ranking the college third in the nation.^[94][95][96] Bates offers a Liberal Arts-Engineering Dual Degree Program with Dartmouth's Thayer School of Engineering, Columbia's School of Engineering and Applied Science, and Washington University's School of Engineering and Applied Science. The program consists of three years at Bates and a followed two years at the school of engineering resulting in a degree from Bates and the school of engineering.^[14]

Teaching and learning

Students at Bates take a First-Year Seminar, which provides a template for the rest of the four years at Bates. The student selects a specific topic offered by the college, and works together in a small class with a scholar-in-field professor of that topic, to study and critically analyze the subject. All first-year seminars place heavy importance on writing ability, and composition in order to facilitate the process of complex and fluid ideas being put down on paper. Seminars range from Constitutional analysis to mathematical theorizing. After three complete years at Bates, each student participates in a senior thesis or capstone that demonstrates expertise and overall knowledge of the Major, Minor or General Education Concentrations (GECs). The Senior Thesis is an intensive program that begins with the skills taught in the first-year program and concludes with a compiled thesis that stresses research and innovation.^[97] Bates College has a 10:1 student-faculty ratio and the average class size is about ten students.^[13] All members of the faculty are scholars who work to innovate their respective fields and 100% of tenured faculty possess the highest degree in their field.^[98] Full-time professors at the college received average total compensation of $123,066, with salaries and benefits varying field to field and position to position, putting faculty pay in the top 17% of all public and private universities.^[99] Members of the faculty also receive various benefits and amenities such as relocation expense waivers, housing rentals, research budgets, stipends, professional travel allocations, and publication grants.^[100]

Entrance to Roger Williams Hall

The college also prioritizes student interaction with peers in the form of collaboration and self-directed course instruction.^[101] The academic culture at Bates stresses collaboration, innovation and critical analysis.^[102] Many of the teachers and students are involved in each other's research and course work.^[103] Notable faculty include: U.S. Senator Porter H. Dale, economist Leonard Burman, philosopher David Kolb, and historian Margaret Creighton.

Bates also has a college-wide initiative that focuses on students identifying and cultivating their interests and strengths to acquire the knowledge, experiences, necessary to pursue their career aspirations with academic integrity.^[104] This program includes skill-specific course instruction by leading scholars, accomplished alumni, and industry leaders.^[105]

Honors program

A distinctive feature of a Bates education is the Honors Program which includes an Oxbridge-style tutorial-based thesis which is meant to develop the student's "mastery of a specific topic within the context of a major."^[106] The program consists of a senior thesis that is defended against a faculty panel. A faculty member must nominate the student for thesis candidacy by the conclusion of their junior year. Under the guidance of the nominating faculty member, the student declares his or her thesis(s) at the start of senior year and concludes it before his or her graduation. The thesis is subject to an oral examination, which is loosely based on defending a dissertation or oral argumentation. The oral examination committee includes a member of the faculty from a different department, and an examiner who specializes in the field of study the student is defending and is usually from another institution.^[107]

Mount David Summit

The college holds the annual Mount David Summit which serves as a platform for students of all years to present undergraduate research, creative art, performance, and various other academic projects. Presentations at the summit include various dicispline-centered projects, themed panel discussions, films Q & A's, as well as other activities in the Lewiston area. The summit is sponsored by the Dean of the Faculty’s Office, Student Research Program, and is attended by professors, researchers, scholars, and the President of the College.^[108] Started in 2002,^[109] the summit is held in Pettengill Hall, and on April 1, 2016, held its 15th summit.^[110]

Admissions

Entrance to the college's inaugural library, Coram Library

For the class of 2019, the college admitted 1,208 students out of 5,636 applicants. Bates accepted 17.8% of regular applicants^[111] and had a combined early decision admit rate of 21.4%.^[92][112] In 2015, the college had a 3.8% acceptance rate for transfer students, with 6 students accepted out of 154, with a 100% yield rate.^[113] Waitlisted students had an admit rate of 1.6%, with 11 being admitted out of 671.^[114] U.S. News & World Report classifies Bates as "most selective",^[115] and The Princeton Review designated it with a "selectivity rating" of 96.^[116] The average SAT Score was 2135 (715 Critical Reasoning, 711 Mathematics and 709 Writing), and the average ACT score was 32. Bates has a Test Optional Policy, which gives the applicant the choice to not send in their standardized test scores.^[117] Bates' non-submitting students averaged only 0.05 points lower on their collegiate Grade Point Average.^[118] Select students are flown in to the Lewiston area and stay on campus overnight to attend classes, interview and tour the campus.^[119] International students are required to submit TOEFL scores or an approved equivalent to ensure their success at the college.^[120] For students coming from English speaking schools abroad, such as the United Kingdom or Ireland, only A-Levels are accepted for credit transfer or optional admission consideration. If applying from an IB secondary school, students must submit a complete International Baccalaureate transcript with examination scores.^[121]

Cost of attendance and financial aid

For the 2014-2015 school year, Bates charged a comprehensive price (tuition, room and board, and associated fees) of $64,590.^[122] The college's tuition is the same for in-state and out-of-state students. Bates practices need-blind admission for students who are U.S. citizens, permanent residents, DACA status students, undocumented students, or who graduate from a high school within the United States, and promises to meet 100 percent of demonstrated need for all admitted students, including admitted international students.^[123] Bates offers specialized merit-based scholarships and awards, but no athletic scholarships are offered. Bates covers 100% of financial need for students, and has an average financial package of $42,217. As of 2014, 44% of students utilize financial aid. Bates offers the Direct "+" Loan, Direct Student Loans, Pell Grants, Perkins Loan, Supplementary Educational Opportunity Grants (SEOG), and Work-Study Program.^[124]

Demographics

Student Demographics

	2015[125]	2014[126]
White American	71.8%	72.1%
Asian American	4.6%	4.6%
Hispanic American	6.7%	6.2%
African American	4.7%	5.1%
Other/International	6.8%	5.9%

For the class of 2019, the gender demographic of the college breaks down to 49% male and 51% female. 37% of U.S. students are students of color (domestic and international) and 13% of admitted students are first generation to college. The educational background for admitted students are mixed: 49% of students attended public schools and 51% attended private schools. About 89% of this incoming class (of those from schools that officially rank students) graduated in the top decile of their high school classes.^[112][127] Bates has a 95% freshman retention rate. A significant portion of 45% of all applicants, transfer and non-transfer, are from New England.^[92] About 89% of students are out-of-state, (all 50 states are represented), and the college has students from 73 countries.^[128]

Rankings

University rankings
National
Forbes[129]	70[lower-alpha 4]
Global
Liberal arts colleges
U.S. News & World Report[130]	25
Washington Monthly[131]	8

In 2009, Newsweek described Bates as a "Hidden Ivy", one of "a number of elite colleges and universities outside of the Ivy League".^[132] It is one of the highest ranked liberal arts colleges in Maine.^[133][134] In 2015, Bates was ranked 8th among all liberal arts colleges in the country by the Washington Monthly, making it the top ranked college in New England.^[135] In 2016, Niche, formerly College Prowler, graded Bates with an 'A+' for Academics, 'A+' for Campus Food, 'A+' for technology, 'A' for Administration, 'A-' for Diversity, and an 'A' for campus quality.^[136] As of 2015, Alumni Factor, which measures alumni success, ranks Bates first in Maine and among the top schools nationally.^[94][137] In 2015, Bates produced 20 Bates students who received Fulbright fellowships, attaining the distinction of "Fulbright Top Producer", and subsequently breaking the college's previous record, and ranking Bates third in the nation.^[95][96]

Dana Chemistry Hall named after Charles Dana

Kiplinger's Personal Finance placed Bates 20th in its 2015 ranking of best value liberal arts colleges in the United States.^[138] Scholar Geek ranked Bates as the 15th "Best Liberal Arts College(s) in the United States."^[139] Time ranked the college 15th, in their 2016 "50 Best Private Colleges for Earning Your Degree" ranking.^[140] Bloomberg Business ranked Bates 21st in the country for "Greatest Return on Investment" and 1st in Maine.^[141]

Bates was ranked first for 'Best Value' by The Princeton Review in 2005,^[142] and 33rd for their "Great Deals at Great Schools" ranking out of all liberal arts colleges. The Peace Corps ranked Bates 22nd, out of all liberal arts colleges, for international charity involvement.^[143] The same publication ranked Bates 12th the nation on Academic Experience in 2003.^[144] The college's faculty were ranked 2nd in the country for their in-field research in 2007.^[145] The publication ranked Bates 4th for their "150 Best Value Colleges" ranking, in 2013, 2014, and 2015. In 2015, The Princeton Review ranked (out of 379 colleges and universities) Bates 2nd in "Great Schools for Environmental Science Majors", first for "Great Schools for History Majors", 2nd in "Great Schools for Phycology Majors ", and 6th in "Best Campus Food".^[13] In 2015, the same publication ranked the college, 13th for "Best Campus Food", and 14th for "Best College Radio Station".^[116] In 2002, Bates was ranked in the top 20 of the "Toughest To Get Into" schools by The Princeton Review.^[146] In 2003, The Wall Street Journal, ranked Bates in the top 50 colleges and universities in the United States in percentage of students entering the top five graduate programs in Business, Law, and Medicine.^[147] The college selected 10 colleges as its peers, namely Amherst, Bowdoin, Carleton, Yale, Williams, Wellesley, Middlebury, Pomona, Swarthmore, and Wesleyan.^[148] Bates ranked 8th nationally in 2015 according to the National Collegiate Scouting Association's annual report, which ranks colleges based on student-athlete graduation rates, academic strength, and athletic prowess.^[149]

For the 2015/2016 year, U.S News & World Report, ranked Bates as the 25th best liberal arts college in the United States, putting the college in the top 5% of all liberal arts colleges.^[15] The college has been ranked in the top 25 for the past two decades.^[150] The magazine ranked Bates 8th in the nation for admissions selectivity.^[144] For 2014/2015, Forbes ranked Bates 33rd out of all Liberal Arts Colleges, and 70th out of all educational institutions in the United States in its list of 650 Top Colleges putting Bates in the top 10% of all colleges in the nation.^[151] Forbes also awarded the college the "Forbes Financial Grade" of an 'A',^[152] and included the college on its unranked "Best Value Colleges In The Northeast,"^[153] and "Best Value Private Colleges."^[154]

Campus

The overall architectural design of the college can be traced through the Colonial Revival architecture movement, and has distinctive Neoclassical, Georgian, Colonial, and Gothic features. Colonial restoration influence can be seen in the architecture of certain buildings, however many of the off campus houses' architecture was heavily influenced by the Victorian era.^[155] However, certain buildings are loosely based on the dormitories, houses, and churches of Dartmouth College, University of Cambridge, Yale University, and Harvard University.^[156][157]

Gomes Chapel in Spring, modeled after University of Cambridge's Kings Chapel.

Bates has a 133-acre main campus, in Lewiston, Maine. It also maintains the 600-acre Bates-Morse Mountain Conservation Area,^[158] and an 80-acre Coastal Center fresh water habitat at Shortridge.^[159] The eastern campus is situated around Lake Andrews, where many residential halls are located. The quad of the campus connects academic buildings, athletics arenas, and residential halls. Bates College houses over 1 million volumes of articles, papers, subscriptions, audio/video items and government articles among all three libraries and all academic buildings. The George and Helen Ladd Library houses 620,000 catalogued volumes, 2,500 serial subscriptions and 27,000 audio/video items.^[92] Coram Library houses almost 200,000 volumes of articles, subscriptions and audio/video items.^[160] Approximately 150,000 volumes of texts, papers, and alumnus work are housed within academic buildings.

The most famous items in the library's collection include, copies of the original Constitution of Maine, personal correspondence of James K. Polk and Hannibal Hamlin, original academic papers of Henry Clay, personal documents of Edmund Muskie, original printings of newspaper articles written by James G. Blaine, and selected collections of other prominent religious, political and economic figures, both in Maine, and the United States.^[161][162]

The campus provides 33 Victorian Houses, 7 residential halls, and one residential village.^[92] Two new residential dormitories are to be completed by the 2017 academic year, bringing the total to 9 residential halls.^[163] The college maintains 12 academic building with Lane Hall serving as the administration building on campus. Lane Hall houses the offices of the President, Dean of the Faculty, Registrar, and Provost, among others.^[164] Bates is located on the outskirts of Lewiston, Maine. As a former mill town, Lewiston has a large French Canadian ethnic presence due to migration from Quebec in the 19th century. Lewiston is situated on the Androscoggin River in south-central Maine.^[165] Bates was ranked #6 in CollegeNET's "50 Most Beautiful College Quads" in 2015.^[166]

Olin Arts Center

The Olin Arts Center maintains three teaching sound proof studios, five class rooms, five seminar rooms, ten practice rooms with pianos, and a 300-seat grand recital hall. It holds the college's Steinway concert grand piano, Disklavier, William Dowd harpsichord, and their 18th century replica forte piano. The studios are modernized with computers, synthesizers, and various recording equipment.^[167] The center houses the departments of Art and Music, and was given to Bates by the F. W. Olin Foundation in 1986.^[168] The center has had numerous Artists in Residence, such as Frank Glazer, and Leyla McCalla.^[169][170] The Olin Arts Center has joined with the Maine Music Society, to produces musical performances throughout Maine. In 2007, they hosted an event that garnered 260 musicians music recital inspired by Johannes Brahms.^[171]

The college's private museum

Museum of Art

Founded in 1955, the Bates College Museum of Art (MoA) holds contemporary and historic pieces. In the 1930s, the college secured a private holding from the Museum of Modern Art of Vincent van Gogh's Starry Night, for students participating in the 'Bates Plan'.^[103] It holds 5,000 pieces and objects of contemporary domestic and international art. The museum holds over 100 original artworks, photographs and sketches from Marsden Hartley.^{[172][173][174]} The MoA offers numerous lectures, artist symposiums, and workshops. The entire space is split into three components, the larger Upper Gallery, smaller Lower Gallery, and the Synergy Gallery which is primarily used for student exhibits and research. Almost 20,000 visitors are attracted to the MoA annually.^[175]

Bates-Morse Mountain Area

This conservation area of 600 acres is available to Bates students for academic, extracurricular, and research purposes. This area is mainly salt marshes and coastal uplands. The college participates in preserving the plants, animals and natural ecosystems within this area as a part of their Community-Engaged Learning Program. Due to overall size, the site is frequently used by other Maine schools such as Bowdoin College for their Nordic Skiing practices.^[176][177]

Coastal Center at Shortridge

This coastal center owned by Bates College, provides various academic programs, lectures, extracurricular activities, and research endeavors for students. 80 acres of wetlands, and woodlands with a fresh water pond, are available to numerous science departments and programs at Bates. There are two buildings on the land, a conference building, which can accommodate 15 people overnight, and a laboratory structured with an art studio on the upper floor. This area is also home to the Shortridge Summer Residency Program which provides students, faculty and researchers to work and study on the coastal land of Shortridge during the summer. Science majors and faculty work on site-based issues such as coastal changes, sea level fluctuations and public policy.^[178]

Student life

The college's LEED-certified dinning complex - The Commons

The college's dining services have been featured on numerous national publications.^[179] Bates was ranked eighth in the country for their dining services among all universities and colleges nationally, by Usatoday in 2015.^[180] The college's dining services received the grade of 'A+' by Niche in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016.^[181] In 2005, Princeton Review ranked Bates as #7 out of "351 Colleges for Great Food".^[182] The college holds one dining hall to encourage "a familial sense of its community", and offers two floors of seating. The college also institutes 'The Napkin Board' "a place where students can leave comments, complaints, and suggestions—ensures that students actually have a lot of say in what Commons [the dining hall] serves".^[181] Bates was ranked among the top liberal arts colleges in the country in The Daily Meal's "75 Best Colleges for Food in America" ranking for 2014.^[183] All meals and catered events on campus are served by Bates Dining Services, which makes a concentrated effort to purchase foods from suppliers and producers within the state of Maine, like Oakhurst Dairy and others.^[184] The Den, serves as an on-campus restaurant, and is open until 2 AM on weekdays.^[185]

The college also holds an annual "Harvest Dinner" during Thanksgiving that features a school-wide dining experience including a New England buffet and live musical performances.^[186][187] In 2015, shortly before the commencement of the Harvest Dinner, American rapper, T-Pain, performed.^[188] Martin Luther King Day at Bates is celebrated annually with classes being canceled, and performances, events, keynote talks are held in observance. Bates alumnus Benjamin Mays, taught Martin Luther King Jr. at Morehouse College. It is a day marked by keynotes from well known scholars who speak on the subjects of race, justice, and equality in America. In 2016, the college invited Jelani Cobb, to speak at the college on MLK Day.^[189][190]

Bates College, since conception, has rejected fraternities and sororities.^[48] The college's resources, faculty, and rigorous academic life allow the college to offer students 110 clubs and organizations on campus.^[191] Among those is the competitive eating club, the Fat Cats, Ultimate Frisbee, and the Student Government.^[191] The largest club is the Outing Club, which leads canoeing, kayaking, rafting, camping and backpacking trips throughout Maine. The Bates College Outing Club is one of the oldest in the country.^[192][193]

The Bates Student, the oldest coed college newspaper in the United States

Student media

The Bates Student

Bates College's oldest operating newspaper is The Bates Student, created in 1873. It is one of the oldest continuously published college weeklies in the United States, and the oldest co-ed college weekly in the country. Alumni of the student media programs at Bates have won the Pulitzer Prize,^[194] and have their later work featured on major news sources.^[195][196] It circulates approximately 1,900 copies around the campus and Lewiston area. Since 1990, there has been an electronic version of the newspaper online.^[197] The newspaper provides access free of charge to a searchable database of articles stretching back to its inception on its website.

WRBC

WRBC is the college radio station of Bates College and was first aired in 1958. Originally started as an AM station at Bates, it began with the efforts of rhetoric professor and debate coach Brooks Quimby. It is ranked by The Princeton Review as the 12th best college radio station in the United States and Canada, making it the top college radio in the New England Small College Athletic Conference.^[198]

A capella

There are four a cappella groups on campus. The Manic Optimists and the Deansmen are all-male, the Merminaders are all female and the coed group is known as TakeNote.^[199] All groups have performed all over Maine and the Northeast.

Brooks Quimby Debate Council

The Olin Concert Hall, houses keynotes, performances, and special debate tournaments.

Arguably the most prestigious student organization at Bates is the Brooks Quimby Debate Council, due to endowment allocation, relative participation rate, awards and historical significance.^[200] The formation of the team predates the establishment of the college itself as the debate society was founded within the Maine State Seminary. It was headed by Bates alumnus and teacher Brooks Quimby and became the first intercollegiate international debate team in the United States.^[30]

During the 1930s, the debate society was subject to 'The Quimby Institute' which pitted each and every debate student against Brooks Quimby himself. This is where he began to engage heated debate with them that stressed "flawless assertions" and resulted in every error made by the student to be carefully scrutinized and teased.^[30] Bates has an annual and traditional debate with Oxford, Cambridge and Dartmouth College. When debating at or against Bowdoin College, there is a long-standing tradition of wrapping the winning student's academic scarf around the neck of Bowdoin's statue of a polar bear.^[30] There were multiple instances of students dipping the academic scarf in gasoline and igniting it, charring the statue's neck.^[201] It competes in the American Parliamentary Debate Association domestically, and competes in the World Universities Debating Championships, internationally. As of 2013, the debate council was ranked 5th, nationally.^[202] In 2012, the debate team was ranked 9th in the world.^[203]

Class of 1932's Honorary Stonework, in front of Coram Library

Traditions

Ivy Day

The class graduates participate in an Ivy Day which installs a granite placard onto one of the academic or residential buildings on campus. They serve as a symbol of the class and their respective history both academically and socially. Some classes donate to the college, in the form gates, facades, and door outlines, by inscribing or creating their own version of symbolic icons of the college's seal or other prominent insignia. This usually occurs on graduation day, but may occur on later dates with alumni returning to the campus. This tradition is shared with the University of Pennsylvania and Princeton University. On Ivy Day, members of Phi Beta Kappa are announced.^[20][21]

Winter Carnival

The college's academic scarf wrapped around a snowman during Winter Carnival.

Nearly a century old, this tradition "celebrates cold and snowy weather, which is a trademark of fierce Maine winters".^[22] The college has held, on odd to even years, a Winter Carnival which comprises a themed four day event that includes performances, dances, and games. Past Winter Carnivals have included "a Swiss Olympic skier swooshing down Mount David", faculty and student football games, faculty and administration skits, over-sized snow sculptures, "serenading of the dormitories", and an expeditions to Camden. When Edmund Muskie was a student at the college, he participated in a torch relay from Augusta to Lewiston in celebration of the 1960 Winter Olympics.^[204] Robert F. Kennedy, with his naval classmates, built a replica of their boat back in Massachusetts out of snow in front of Smith Hall, during their carnival. This tradition is second only to Dartmouth College as the oldest of its kind in the United States.^[205] Students are known to participate in what has been colloquially termed as the 'Dartmouth Challenge', which consists of alcohol related activities, closely related to that of parent ritual Newman Day, a tradition the college started in the 1970s.^[206] It was initially started to make fun of Dartmouth's unofficial mascot Keggy the Keg.^{[30][56][201]} The carnival has been hosted by the Bates Outing Club since its conception.^[207]

Puddle Jump

On a day near Saint Patrick's Day, March 17, the Bates College Outing Club initiates the annual Puddle Jump. A hole is cut by a chainsaw or by the original axe used in the inaugural Puddle Jump of 1975, in Lake Andrews. Students from all class years jump into the hole, sometimes in costumes, to celebrate, "exuberance at the end of a hard winter." By mid-evening, they celebrate with donuts, cider and a cappella performances.^[208]

Athletics

The college's official mascot is the bobcat, and official color is garnet. The college athletically competes in the NCAA Division III New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC), which also includes Amherst, Connecticut, Hamilton, Middlebury, Trinity, Tufts, Wesleyan, Williams, and Maine rivals Bowdoin and Colby in the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium (CBB). This is one of the oldest football rivalries in the United States. This consortium is a series of historically highly competitive football games ending in the championship game between the three schools. Bates is currently the holder of the winning streak, and has the record for biggest victory in the athletic conference with a 51-0 shutout of Colby College. Overall the college leads the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium in wins. Bates has won this championship at total of eleven times including 2014, and in 2015, beat Bowdoin 31–0 after their 34–28 overtime home victory over Colby.^[209]

According to U.S. Rowing, the Women's Rowing Team is ranked 1st in the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and 1st overall in NCAA Division III Rowing, as of 2016.^[210] In the 2015 season, the women's rowing team was the most decorated rowing team in collegiate racing while also being the first to sweep every major rowing competition in its athletic conference in the history of Division III athletics. In 2015, the men's rowing team had the fastest ascension in rankings of any sport in its athletic conference and is currently the NESCAC Rowing Champion.^[211] Bates has the 5th highest NESCAC title hold, and holds the top titles in women's and men's rowing. As of 2016, the college has graduated a total of 11 olympians, one of whom won the Olympic Gold Medal rowing for Canada at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.^[25]

The ice hockey team is the first team to win the NESCAC Club Ice Hockey Championships four times in a row.^[212] As of 2016, the men's club ice hockey team is ranked #5 in the Northeast, and #25 overall in the NESCHA rankings.^[213] In the winter of 2008, the college's Nordic Skiing team sent students that were was the highest ranked skiers in the Eastern Intercollegiate Ski Association and placed 4th in the 2008 NCAA Division I Championship.^[214] In April 2005, the college's athletic program was ranked top 5% of national athletics programs.^[215] The Men's Squash Team won the national championships in 2015, and 2016, with the winning student being the first in the history of the athletic conference, to be named the All American all four years he played for the college.^[216] The men's track field is the first team in the history of Maine to have seven consecutive wins of the state championship, a feat completed in 2016.^[217]

Bates playing a lacrosse friendly against Williams College on Garcelon Field in 2016

Bates maintains 31 varsity teams, and 9 club teams, including sailing, cycling, ice hockey, rugby, and water polo.^[218] The college's sailing team is based at the Taylor Pond Yacht Club, in Auburn, Maine, sanctioned by the New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association, and competes internationally, with main competitors being Bowdoin, Tufts, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.^[219]

Athletic facilities

Bates has athletic facilities that include:

• Alumni Gymnasium & Merrill Gymnasium
• Bates Squash Center & the Wallach Tennis Center
• Campus Avenue Field & Garcelon Field
• Clifton Daggett Gray Athletic Building & the Davis Fitness Center
• Leahey Baseball Pitch & the Lafayette Street Pitch
• 2,040 seat Underhill Arena Ice Rink
• Rowing Boathouse & Sailing Boathouse
• Russell Street Track
• 300 seat enclosed Tarbell Pool

Sustainability

Bates College signed onto the American College and University President's Climate Commitment in 2007.^[220] In 2010, the college was named one of 15 colleges in the United States to the "Green Honor Roll", by Princeton Review.^[221] In 2005, President Elaine Tuttle Hansen stated, "Bates will purchase its entire electricity supply from renewable energy sources in Maine" and secured a new contract, adding a premium of $76,000 to their energy supply.^[222] The United States Environmental Protection Agency honored Bates as a member of the Green Power Leadership Club due to the fact that 96% of energy used on campus is from renewable resources.^[223] All newly developed buildings and facilities are built to LEED Silver standards.^[224] As of 2015, Bates is constructing a new LEED Silver standard-based residential building, housing 200+ students as a part of their Campus Life Project.^[225]

Notable alumni

As of 2015, there are 24,000 Bates College Alumni.^[97] In 2016, two Bates alumni were featured on the Forbes' 30 Under 30 list.^[226]

Notable individuals who have studied at Bates include: Civil War Brevet Major Holman Melcher (1862), Structural physicist Frank Haven Hall (1862), the first woman to graduate from a New England college Mary Mitchell (1869), progressive Carl Milliken (1897), suffragette Ella Haskell (1884), founding member of the Boston Red Sox Harry Lord (1908), inventor of baseball's fastbreak Frank Keaney (1911), Civil rights leader, Benjamin Mays (1920), Presidential candidate, and Secretary of State Edmund Muskie (1936), CEO of General Mills, Robert Kinney (1938), U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy (1944), Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Court Vincent McKusick (1943), quantum physicist Steven Girvin (1964), President of Swarthmore College Valerie Smith (1969), television anchor Bryant Gumbel (1970), actor David Hasselhoff (1972), the current Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, Bob Goodlatte (1974), Pulitzer and Emmy Award winning author Elizabeth Strout (1977), President of Beloit College Scott Bierman (1977), CEO of Cedar Gate Technologies David Snow (1976), Chief Marketing Officer of L.L.Bean, Stephen Fuller, neuroscientist and author Lisa Genova (1983), President of the National Bank of Canada, Louis Vachon (1983), CEO of Japonica Partners Paul Kazarian (1978), Cannes Film Festival-winning filmmaker Daniel Stedman (2001), and Olympic gold medalist Andrew Byrnes (2005).

The college has extended honorary degrees to U.S. President Calvin Coolidge, American novelist Robert Frost, and U.S. President Jimmy Carter. Bates alumni have included leaders in science, religion, politics, the Peace Corps, medicine, law, education, communications, and business; and acclaimed actors, architects, artists, astronauts, engineers, human rights activists, inventors, musicians, philanthropists, and writers.

• Notable Bates College alumni include:
• 

  Inventor of specialized typewriters, Frank Haven Hall (1862)

• 

  Governor of Maine and progressive, Carl Milliken (1897)

• 

  Civil rights leader and academic, Benjamin Mays (1920)

• 

  Suffragette, and 1st women to argue in front of the Supreme Court, Ella Haskell (1884)

• 

  58th United States Secretary of State and presidential candidate, Edmund Muskie (1936)

• 

  Union Brevet Major, Holman Melcher (1862)

• 

  64th United States Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy (Attn. 1944)

• 

  CEO of General Mills, Robert Kinney (1938)

Alma mater

Benjamin Bates, the college's namesake

The Bates College Alma Mater was written by Irving H. Blake in 1911.^[227]

"Here's to Bates, our Alma Mater dear,

Proudest and fairest of her peers;

We pledge to her our loyalty,

Our faith and our honor thru the years.

Long may her praises resound.

Long may her sons exalt her name.

May her glory shine while time endures,

Here's to our Alma Mater's fame."

Presidents of Bates College

Bates is governed by the President and the Board of Trustees which collectively form the corporation of Bates College. The president is the chief executive officer of the corporation and principal academic of the college. She or he is ex officio a member of the Board of Trustees.^[228]

Presidents' House, in Lewiston, Maine

There have been eight presidents of Bates College:^[229]

1. Oren Burbank Cheney (1863–1894)
2. George Colby Chase (1894–1919)
3. Clifton Daggett Gray (1920–1944)
4. Charles Franklin Phillips (1944–1967)
5. Thomas Hedley Reynolds (1967–1989)
6. Donald West Harward (1989–2002)
7. Elaine Tuttle Hansen (2002–2011)
8. Clayton Spencer (2012–present)

In fiction

• The Sopranos (S1, E5): In the episode entitled, "College", Tony Soprano takes his daughter, Meadow on a trip to Maine to visit colleges that she is considering. They first visit Bates, while walking past the college's chapel she states, "[Bates College has] a 48-to-52 male-female ratio, which is great, strong liberal arts program and this cool olin arts center for music."^[230] She later mentions the college's sexual atmosphere.^[231] This episode was rated as the best of the series by Time magazine.^[232]
• The Simpsons (S27, E8):^[233] In the episode entitled, "Paths of Glory", it is suggested to Lisa Simpson that she transfers to Bates College.^{[234][235][236]}
• 11.22.63, Episode #5, "The Truth" - Maine time-traveler Jake Epping tells his sweetheart that he went to Bates.^[237]

In media

Bates has been subject to widespread media attention as one of the most expensive colleges in the United States and in June 2011, was ranked the most expensive in the United States.^{[238][239][240]} A statement was released by the college a month later stating, "while it’s expensive to provide a Bates education — a highly personalized, academically rigorous experience in a residential environment — the college strives to do so at the lowest price consistent with that level of quality," later adding that "[Bates] takes a ‘comprehensive fee’ approach — presenting families our true overall charges in one clear total — we lead that list, followed immediately by four other schools that do likewise."^[241]

See also

• History of Bates College
• Campus of Bates College
• Alumni of Bates College
• Bates-Morse Mountain
• Bates College Academic Scarf
• Bates College Museum of Art
• Trick or Drink
• Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium
• Newman Day
• Hathorn Hall
• Little Ivies
• Hidden Ivies

Notes

1. Although most sources signify 1855 as the official year of founding, historians have asserted that the technical founding of the institution was in 1832. Bates was established directly of off the Maine State Seminary which was founded in 1854. The Maine State Seminary was established directly off the Parsonsfield Seminary which was founded in 1832. The Maine State Seminary originally absorbed Parsonsfield and moved from North Parsonsfield to Lewiston, thus giving the college a technical "founding date" of 1832. Similar cases may be found in Princeton's, Columbia's, and Yale's founding. Oren Burbank Cheney re-established the school's academic program upon his return and was Parsonsfield's first principle, and acted in the capacity throughout his later colligate career and early political career. It is believed that he along with John Buzzel would be credited as its founders. Historians have questioned the technical meaning of "founding", asserting that it could be when the Trustees of the College first convened, or when the charter was granted or when the college was operational or when the idea of the college was first released publicly or when the "physical entity" of the college was established. Select historians have claimed that, if the "physical entity" of the college is considered its founding then Bates could claim a founding date as far back as 1799 with John Buzzel publicly garnering capital for the expansion of his private residence to be renovated into a "religious school". The majority of official accounts issued by the school note March 16, 1855 as its founding date with Oren Burbank Cheney as its founder.
2. Students may choose, after three years to switch to Dartmouth or Columbia to complete the final two years of their engineering program. The completion of this gives the student a degree from Bates and the school of engineering.
3. Parsonsfield Seminary burned mysteriously in 1853, at midnight. The overall account of the burning remains unclear with sources varying on the actual occurrences. When recounting its burning, Oren Burbank Cheney, stated, "the bell tower flickered in flames while the children ran from its pillar-brick walls.." The fire was believed to have killed three school children, and two fugitive slaves, leading to a brief and unsuccessful investigation.
4. The college ranked 70th out 650, putting it in the top 10% of all undergraduate institutions in the United States.

References

1. As of June 30, 2015. "Bates College Institutional Profile" (PDF). Bates College. 2015.
2. Joshua G. McIntosh | Student Affairs | Bates College
3. ‘Your job is to discover and learn,’ Convocation speaker Matt Auer tells Class of 2018 | News | Bates College
4. Bates appoints Leigh Weisenburger as Dean of Admission and Financial Aid | News | Bates College
5. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 24, 2015. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
6. The Bates Student | Voice of Bates College since 1873
7. Brand Identity Guide | Communications | Bates College
8. "Pronunciation of Bates : How to pronounce Bates". inogolo.com. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
9. "Bates College is listed under "Most Selective" category". US News and World Report. 2007. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007.
10. "Bates College: A Brief History". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
11. Larson, Wayde. "Faith By Their Works". Archived from the original on March 28, 2010. Retrieved 2010-01-12. (Bates: first woman to receive a bachelor's degree in New England in 1869)
12. "Chapter 3 | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
13. Princeton, Review (2015). The Best 379 Colleges, 205 Edition. Random House Children's Books. pp. Multi pp. 12–58.
14. "Pre-Law, Business, Engineering | Orientation | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
15. "Bates College | Best College | US News". colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
16. Stuan, Thomas (2006). The Architecture of Bates College. Ladd Library, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College. p. 23.
17. "Bates-Morse Mountain & Shortridge | Harward Center | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
18. "Campus Facilities Planning | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
19. "Residential Buildings | Campus Tour | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
20. "The Class of 1975 joins the ivy stone tradition | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
21. Various. "The Bates Student".
22. "Colleges with Strong Winter Traditions | Bates College | Columbia University | Virginia Tech | Gettysburg College | Syracuse University". www.ivywise.com. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
23. "Bates graduate awarded Fulbright grant". Merit Pages. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
24. "Watson Fellowship - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
25. "Bobcat Olympians | Athletics | Bates College". athletics.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-22.
26. ""MacArthur Fellows" - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
27. ""Pulitzer Prize" - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
28. "Recent Bates Recipients Graduate Fellowships Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
29. "Recent Bates Recipients". abacus.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
30. Clark, Charles E. (2005). Bates Through the Years: an Illustrated History. Edmund Muskie Archives: Bates College, Lewiston, Maine. p. 37.
31. "The story of the life and work of Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Bates college". archive.org. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
32. "The story of the life and work of Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Bates college". archive.org. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
33. "The story of the life and work of Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Bates college". archive.org. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
34. Johnnett, R. F. (1878). Bates Student: A Monthly Magazine. Edmund Muskie Archives, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College. pp. Multi–source; pp. 30. ...the bell tower flickered in flames while the children ran from its pillar-brick walls...screams awoke the night...
35. Cheney, Cheney, Emeline Stanley Aldrich Burlingame (1907). The Story of the life and work of Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Bates College. Ladd Library, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Boston, Mass., Pub. for Bates college by the Morning star publishing house. p. 24. ..Parsonfield Seminary burned down inexplicably...
36. "The story of the life and work of Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Bates college". archive.org. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
37. Chase, Harry. Bates College was named after Mansfield Man. Edmund Muskie Archives: National Resources Trust of Mansfield. p. 5.
38. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Frye Street Historical District" (PDF).
39. "The story of the life and work of Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Bates college". archive.org. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
40. Nichols Latin School records, Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library, Bates College. http://abacus.bates.edu/muskie-archives/EADFindingAids/CA0281.html
41. "The story of the life and work of Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Bates college". archive.org. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
42. "The story of the life and work of Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Bates college". archive.org. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
43. Johnnett, R. F. (1878). Bates Student: A Monthly Magazine. Edmund Muskie Archives, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College. pp. Multi–source; pp. 2.
44. Larson, Timothy (2005). "Faith by Their Works: The Progressive Tradition at Bates College from 1855 to 1877,". Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College. pp. Multi–source.
45. "Oren B Cheney". Bates College. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
46. Maine State Seminary Catalog, 1856-1863
47. "Mary W. Mitchell | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
48. "Chapter 4 | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
49. "A Brief History | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
50. "Brand Identity Guide | Communications | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
51. Stuan, Thomas (2006). The Architecture of Bates College. Ladd Library, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College. p. 23. In reference to Lane Hall's seal atop its header: "a stag denoting what was commonly referred to as the impact of ones environment, specifically nature, in Maine.. impact of Maine's nature on the person, a single of grain..fruits of ones labour in such an environment" - "An open book, effortlessly situated, restating the college's motto, and fulfilling the notions of academic excellence and devoted study... academic excellence and devotion" - "An oil lamp, representing the college's clear convictions, a moral clarity, in time of uncertain constraints, it lighted the way to a more prosperous time... unwavering clarity in times of uncertainty."
52. Calhoun, Charles C (1993). A Small College in Maine. Hubbard Hall, Bowdoin College: Bowdoin College. p. 163.
53. Eaton, Mabel (1930). General Catalogue of Bates College and Cobb Divinity School. Coram Library, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine.: Bates College. pp. 34, 36, 42.
54. Larson, Timothy (2005). "Faith by Their Works: The Progressive Tradition at Bates College from 1855 to 1877,". Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College Publishing. pp. Multi–source.
55. "Chapter 4 | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
56. Woz, Markus (2002). Traditionally Unconventonal. Ladd Library, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College. p. 6.
57. "Conclusion | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
58. "The story of the life and work of Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Bates college". archive.org. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
59. "Chapter 1 | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
60. "The story of the life and work of Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Bates college". archive.org. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
61. Morgan, James. "Who Saves Little Round Top?". Number four: Col. Chamberlain did not lead the charge. Lt. Holman Melcher was the first officer down the slope.
62. "Henry Chandler | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
63. "Progressive men of the state of Montana". archive.org. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
64. "A Brief History | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
65. "Harry Lord | Society for American Baseball Research". sabr.org. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
66. "George C. Chase | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
67. "Student Clubs and Organizations | Campus Life | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
68. "Bates Outing Club". Bates College. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
69. "January 1920: The Outing Club's winter birth | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
70. "Bates debates Harvard at City Hall | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
71. "Oxford and Bates to Meet in Debate". Google News Archives. Lewiston Daily Sun. 29 August 1923. p. 14. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
72. "Victory Ships by shipyard". www.usmm.org. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
73. "July 1943: The Navy arrives | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
74. Stuan, Thomas (2006). The Architecture of Bates College. Ladd Library, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College. p. 19.
75. Walter Isaacson (October 17, 2011). Profiles in Leadership: Historians on the Elusive Quality of Greatness. Simon & Schuster.
76. "NESCAC Member Institutions - NESCAC". www.nescac.com. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
77. "Thomas Hedley Reynolds | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
78. "Optional Testing | Admission | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-24.
79. "Donald West Harward | Past Presidents | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
80. "Donald W. Harward | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
81. "Hansen inaugurated as Bates' seventh president | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
82. "Elaine Tuttle Hansen | Past Presidents | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
83. "Academic Access, Education Reform". Harvard Magazine. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
84. "‘Questions Worth Asking’ — President Clayton Spencer’s inaugural address | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
85. "Campus Facilities Planning | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
86. "Digital and Computational Studies | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
87. Newsroom. "Huge alumni gift for Bates College". www.foxbangor.com. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
88. Wight, Patty. "Bates to Use $19 Million Donation to Launch Computer Science Program". news.mpbn.net. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
89. "Bates announces gifts of $19 million to create six new endowed professorships and launch the college’s new digital and computational studies program | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
90. "Academics | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
91. "Short Term | Academics | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
92. "Bates College 2014/2015 Statistics and Facts" (PDF). Bates College. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
93. "Economics department ranked at top of leading liberal arts college | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
94. "The 48 best colleges in the Northeast". poconorecord.com. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
95. "Bates announces college-record 20 Fulbright U.S. Student fellowships | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
96. "Top Producers of U.S. Fulbright Scholars and Students". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
97. "Educating the Whole Person | Academics | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
98. "Students admitted to the Class of 2019 are the academically strongest, most diverse in Bates history – News – Bates College". bates.edu.
99. "Executive Compensation at Private and Public Colleges". The Chronicle of Higher Education. 2015-12-06. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
100. "The Faculty Handbook of Bates College: Faculty Benefits and Support Programs". abacus.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
101. "Key Bates Facts | Admission | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-09.
102. "Bates College – CollegeData College Profile". COLLEGEdata. Retrieved 2015-12-09.
103. Clark, Charles E. (2005). Bates Through the Years: an Illustrated History. Edmund Muskie Archives: Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Edmund Muskie Archives. p. 37.
104. "Faculty | Academics | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-09.
105. "Purposeful Work | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-09.
106. "Honors Program - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
107. "Honors Guidelines - Honors Program - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
108. "Mount David Summit - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
109. "At age 12, Mount David Summit is better than ever - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
110. "Bates College hosting 15th Mount David Summit". Sun Journal. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
111. "Students admitted to the Class of 2019 are the academically strongest, most diverse in Bates history – News – Bates College". bates.edu.
112. "Students admitted to the Class of 2019 are the academically strongest, most diverse in Bates history | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
113. "National Application Center :: campus tours :: Bates College student life". www.nationalappcenter.com. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
114. "Common Data Set" (PDF).
115. "Bates College | Applying | Best College | US News". colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
116. "Bates College Admissions, Average Test Scores & Tuition The Princeton Review". Princeton Review. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
117. "Optional Testing | Admission | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
118. "20-year Bates College study of optional SATs finds no differences | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
119. "Prologue to Bates - Admission - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
120. "International Students - Admission - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
121. "AP, IB & A-Levels - Orientation - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-15.
122. "Tuition & Fees | Student Financial Services | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
123. "List of Colleges That Meet 100% of Financial Need | The College Solution". www.thecollegesolution.com. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
124. "Federal Financial Aid Programs" (PDF).
125. As of June 30, 2015. "Bates College Institutional Profile" (PDF). Bates College. 2015.
126. "Common Data Set - Bates (2014)" (PDF).
127. "Student Profile | Admission | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
128. "Bates College: Admissions, Average Test Scores & Tuition : The Princeton Review". Princeton Review. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
129. "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
130. "Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings". America's Best Colleges 2016. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved January 31, 2016.
131. "Washington Monthly's 2015 Liberal Arts College Rankings". Washington Monthly. August 24, 2015.
132. Howard Greene; Mathew W. Greene (2009). Greenes' Guides to Educational Planning: The Hidden Ivies: 50 Top Colleges – from Amherst To Williams – that Rival the Ivy League. HarperCollins.
133. "Best Colleges in Maine".
134. "Colleges in Maine".
135. "Washington Monthly's Liberal Arts College Rankings". The Washington Monthly. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
136. "Bates College". Niche, Inc. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
137. "Alumni Factor Rankings; Bates College".
138. "Kiplinger\'s Best College Values". www.kiplinger.com. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
139. "2015 Best United States Liberal Arts Colleges". www.scholargeek.org. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
140. Clark, Kim. "The 50 Best Private Colleges for Earning Your Degree On Time". MONEY.com. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
141. "Best Colleges for Return on Investment". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
142. "Bates ranked No. 1 'Best Value' by Princeton Review | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
143. "Bates in the News Bates Magazine Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
144. "Bates recognized for top academic experience". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
145. "50 Colleges With the Best Professors - Best College Reviews". www.bestcollegereviews.org. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
146. "Bates College names Elaine Tuttle Hansen next president News Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
147. "Wall Street Journal cites Bates for 'elite' grad-school preparation". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-13. Bates is included in a new Wall Street Journal ranking of 50 colleges and universities that "send the most students to elite grad schools.
148. "Who Does Your College Think Its Peers Are?". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
149. "Collegiate Power Rankings | NCSA Athletic Recruiting | Play Sports in College". www.ncsasports.org. Retrieved 2015-12-09.
150. "Bates College | Overview | Plexuss.com". plexuss.com. Retrieved 2016-02-14.
151. "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
152. "Private College Financial Health Grades 2015: Is Your Alma Mater At Risk?". Forbes. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
153. "Best Value Colleges In The Northeast 2016". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
154. "America's Best Value Private Colleges 2016". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
155. Stuan, Thomas (2006). Architecture of Bates College. Ladd Library, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College, Lewiston, Maine. p. 23.
156. Stuan, Thomas (2006). The Architecture of Bates College. Ladd Library, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine: Bates College. p. 23.
157. "The Peter J. Gomes Chapel | Multifaith Chaplaincy | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-15.
158. "Bates-Morse Mountain & Shortridge | Harward Center | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
159. "Bates-Morse Mountain Conservation Area and Shortridge Field Research | Harward Center | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
160. "Coram Library | Library | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
161. "Library | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
162. College, Bates. "Bates College: Muskie Archives: Collections". abacus.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
163. "Campus Facilities Planning - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
164. "Lane Hall | Campus Tour | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
165. "Lewiston & Maine | Admission | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
166. "The 50 Most Beautiful Campus Quads – College Rank". College Rank. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
167. "Olin Arts Center | Music | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
168. "Olin Arts Center | Campus Tour | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
169. "Three days, three big Bates concerts: songs of Hanns Eisler, Glazer’s 99th, singer McCalla | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
170. "Taking a break from the Carolina Chocolate Drops, singer McCalla to perform | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
171. "College joins Maine Music Society to amass 260 musicians for Brahms concert | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
172. "hartley Home". abacus.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
173. "The Painter of Maine: Photographs of Marsden Hartley | Museum of Art | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
174. "Marsden Hartley and Beyond | Museum of Art | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
175. "History of the Museum of Art | Museum of Art | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
176. "Bates-Morse Mountain & Shortridge | Harward Center | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
177. "ShortRdige Programs: Bates College" (PDF).
178. "Bates-Morse Mountain Conservation Area and Shortridge Field Research | Harward Center | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
179. "75 Best Colleges for Food in America for 2015". The Daily Meal. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
180. "Survey ranks the colleges with the best food plans". USA TODAY College. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
181. "Bates College – Campus Food". Niche.com. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
182. "An Award Winning Team | Dining Services | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
183. "75 Best Colleges for Food in America for 2014". The Daily Meal. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
184. "Food Quality and Nutrition | Dining Services | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
185. "The Den | Campus Tour | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
186. "Bates College, Lewiston, ME".
187. "Fare to remember: Harvest Meal 2008 | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
188. "Fall 2015 Concert: T-Pain | Campus Life | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
189. "Martin Luther King Jr. Observance | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
190. "MLK Day 2016 keynote speaker: William Jelani Cobb | Martin Luther King Jr. Observance | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
191. "Student Clubs and Organizations | Campus Life | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
192. "Student Clubs and Organizations | Campus Life | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
193. "Bates Outing Club | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
194. "Pulitzer goes to Elizabeth Strout, former L.A. Times book award winner". LA Times Blogs - Jacket Copy. 2009-04-20. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
195. Messud, Claire (2016-01-04). "Elizabeth Strout’s ‘My Name Is Lucy Barton’". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
196. "Producers nominate 'Max,' 'Short,' leave off 'Star Wars' - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
197. "The Bates Student".
198. "Best College Radio Station | The Princeton Review". www.princetonreview.com. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
199. "Student Groups | Music | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
200. "Brooks Quimby Debate Council | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
201. Nevin, David (1970). Muskie of Maine. Ladd Library, Bates College: Random House, New York. p. 99.
202. "Bates debate ranks fifth in nation, including key win at Yale Inter-Varsity Tournament | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
203. "Bates debate hits No. 9 in global ranking". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
204. "January 1958: The Winter Carnival torch tradition | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
205. "Winter carnival to be held | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
206. Popik, Barry. "Double-Tongued Word Wrester Dictionary". www.barrypopik.com. Retrieved 2016-02-14.
207. "95th anniversary of Winter Carnival | The Bates Student". Retrieved 2016-02-07.
208. "Puddle Jump | 150 Years | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
209. "Football secures second consecutive CBB championship with win over Bowdoin – The Bates Student". The Bates Student. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
210. "California Takes the Top – Barry and Bates Hold in USRowing/CRCA Week Five Poll". www.usrowing.org. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
211. "Bates Men, Women Sweep NESCAC Rowing Championships - NESCAC". www.nescac.com. Retrieved 2016-04-22.
212. "Women's rowing team dominates the New England Rowing Championships | Athletics | Bates College". athletics.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
213. "League Standings Northeast Collegiate Hockey Association (NECHA) - Pointstreak Sites". pointstreaksites.com. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
214. "EISA Skiing". Retrieved 2016-03-13.
215. "Bates ranked in top 5 percent of national athletics programs News Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
216. "Shot by shot, an inside look at Bates squash champ Ahmed Abdel Khalek’s road to victory | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
217. "Bates wins seventh straight Maine State Men's Outdoor Championship | Athletics | Bates College". athletics.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
218. "Athletics | Bates College". athletics.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
219. "Bates College Sailing Constitution" (PDF).
220. "President's Climate Commitment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
221. "Princeton Review Chooses The Evergreen State College for Its "Green Rating Honor Roll" at Evergreen". www.evergreen.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
222. "Bates commits to Maine 'green power' for its electricity | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
223. "Scribd". www.scribd.com. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
224. "Bates College – Green Report Card 2011". www.greenreportcard.org. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
225. "New residence halls on Campus Avenue begin the Campus Life Project | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
226. "Bates in the News: Jan. 8, 2016 | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
227. "Bates Alma Mater | Sounds of Bates College | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
228. "Laws of the President and Trustees of Bates College" (PDF).
229. "Past Presidents - Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
230. "Season One, Episode 2, Script". Springfield! Springfield!. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
231. "College (1.05)". Sopranos Autopsy. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
232. Time: The Best of the Sopranos
233. "Lisa gets a new hero, Bart gets committed, & The Simpsons can’t pick a story". www.avclub.com. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
234. Moore, Steven Dean (2015-12-06), Paths of Glory, retrieved 2016-01-16
235. "The Simpsons took some glorious shots at Bates College". Boston.com. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
236. Thomason, Andy (2015-12-08). "In Televised Slight, Bates College Eyes a Chance to Court Lisa Simpson". The Chronicle of Higher Education Blogs: The Ticker. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
237. http://decider.com/2016/03/15/11-22-63-recap-episode-5-the-truth/
238. Staley, Oliver. "Bates Charging $51,300 Leads Expensive U.S. Colleges List". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
239. Wingfield, Brian (2010-10-04). "America's Most Expensive Colleges". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
240. "The 50 most expensive U.S. colleges". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
241. "'Apples to oranges' comparison creates misleading impression of Bates cost | News | Bates College". www.bates.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-08.

Further reading

• Alfred Williams Anthony, Bates College and Its Background (Philadelphia: Judson Press, 1936).
• Bates College Catalog 2004–2006, Lewiston, ME: Bates College, 2004.
• Bates Student, 1873–2016
• Emeline Cheney. The Story of the Life and Work of Oren B. Cheney (Boston: Morning Star Publishing, 1907).
• Mabel Eaton ed., General Catalogue of Bates College and Cobb Divinity School: 1864–1930 (Lewiston, ME: Bates College, 1930)

External links

• Official website
• College Athletics Website
• Flicker Commons: Bates College