Bearsden

Bearsden
Scottish Gaelic: Cille Phàdraig Ùr
Scots: Easter Kirkpatrick, Eister Kilpatrick

The Coat of Arms of Bearsden Burgh, 1959-75.
Bearsden
 Bearsden shown within East Dunbartonshire
Population 27,967 
OS grid referenceNS542720
Council areaEast Dunbartonshire
Lieutenancy areaDunbartonshire
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town GLASGOW[1]
Postcode district G61
Dialling code 0141
Police Scottish
Fire Scottish
Ambulance Scottish
EU Parliament Scotland
UK ParliamentEast Dunbartonshire
Scottish ParliamentStrathkelvin and Bearsden
List of places
UK
Scotland

Coordinates: 55°55′10″N 4°20′01″W / 55.9195°N 4.3337°W / 55.9195; -4.3337

Bearsden (i/ˌbɛərzˈdɛn/) is a town in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It lies on the northwestern fringe of Greater Glasgow, approximately 6 miles (10 km) from the City Centre, and is effectively a suburb, with housing development coinciding with the introduction of a railway line in 1863, and from where the town gets its name (Bearsden station was named after a nearby cottage).

Bearsden was ranked the 7th-wealthiest area in Britain in a 2005 survey, and has the least social housing of any town in Scotland.

The Roman Antonine Wall runs through the town and the remains of a military Bath House can be seen near the town centre. In 1649, the first New Kilpatrick parish church was built, and became the centre of administration for the area. The town's official Gaelic name Cille Phàdraig Ùr (meaning "new church of Patrick") reflects the name of the parish. By the early 20th century, a town had grown up with large town houses, primarily occupied by wealthy commuter businesspeople.

Further development of more affordable housing has increased the population of the town to approximately 28,000 and the town remains affluent. Formerly a Burgh, local government of the town is now the responsibility of East Dunbartonshire Council which, until 2011, had some departmental offices at Boclair House in the town.

History

See also: New Kilpatrick

Roman

The first known settlement on the site of present-day Bearsden was a 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) Roman fort in the second century AD. Between 142 and 144 AD, under Emperor Antoninus Pius, the Romans built a stone and turf fortification, called the Antonine Wall, between the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth. They also built the Military Way, a road that ran parallel, to the south of the wall. The fort was positioned at the intersection of the Military Way, and the north-south road between Glasgow and Loch Lomond. In 164 AD, after only 20 years, the Romans withdrew to Hadrian's Wall.

Little of the fort remains today. However, close to the fort was a Roman bath-house, built in approximately 142143 AD. The bath-house's remains were discovered by builders digging foundations for a housing development in 1973. The site was donated to the government, and today the remains lie, well-preserved, 150 metres (160 yd) from the town centre.[2] Two further stretches of the Antonine Wall's stone base can be seen in the New Kilpatrick cemetery on Boclair Road.[3]

Modern

Former Schaw Convalescent Home, Bearsden, built 1895

Prior to 1649, the area formed part of a larger parish called Kilpatrick. One part was called West, or Old Kilpatrick, and covered Dumbarton and areas of west Dunbartonshire, such as Clydebank. The remaining part was named East or New Kilpatrick, covering a much greater area than Bearsden, from the River Clyde at Whiteinch and Yoker to Duntocher, Strathblane and Baldernock. Modern Bearsden began in an agricultural area as a small hamlet called New Kirk (or perhaps Chapelton) close to New Kilpatrick Parish Church, which was first built in 1649. Close landmarks included Canniesburn Toll, and a water mill at Garscube. The present-day church was built in 1807.[4]

The size and style of the community prior to urbanisation is recorded in Rambles Round Glasgow, first published in 1854. The author describes a route from Maryhill, crossing the River Kelvin at Garscube Mill to Canniesburn. At that point, the route takes the road to Drymen, rather than the alternative to Milngavie. Of particular note are the woods and gardens surrounding the fine houses of Killermont and Garscube, which are contrasted with a small shop at Canniesburn with apparently nothing left for sale. The kirk-toun (modern Bearsden Cross) is described as consisting of about a dozen cottages of idyllic rural beauty, isolated from the noise and dirt of Glasgow. The account also includes one of the earliest references to "Bear's Den", and although the location is not clear, a traditional belief is recorded that it was a Roman burial site.[5]

The New Kirk settlement grew from the middle of the nineteenth century when Glaswegian businessmen built houses at a commutable distance from the city. In 1863, the Glasgow and Milngavie Junction Railway opened, with a station near New Kirk called Bearsden. This was soon adopted as the name of the community. The opening of the railway led to considerable development of Bearsden, with many large Victorian houses built in what is now known as Old Bearsden Conservation Area.[4]

The Glasgow Reformatory for Girls at East Chapelton (also known as East Chapelton Home and Hillfoot Residential School)[6] moved from Rottenrow to Bearsden in the late 1860s. Managed by Glasgow Corporation, the countryside location moved the girls away from any malign influences to be found in the city and allowed the institution to be self-supporting with livestock and a vegetable garden. The girls washed their own clothes and those of local residents in the Reformatory's large laundry. In addition to girls who had fallen foul of the courts, others with problems such as malnourishment and learning difficulties were also housed at Chapelton.[7] In 1949, around 360 girls passed through the school annually and were taken to New Kilpatrick Parish church on Sundays.[4] The school closed in the early 1970s and after a brief period as a hall of residence for the Nautical College, the building was demolished to make way for a shopping centre with an Asda supermarket.[8]

Buchanan Retreat was built in 1890 by the Buchanan sisters of Bellfield, near Kilmarnock, in Ayrshire. It was taken over by Bearsden Burgh in 1962 and used as council offices (pictured below under Administration). Latterly used by East Dunbartonshire council, and now known as Boclair House, it was placed on the market in 2012 following council cost-cutting measures and staff redistribution.[9][10] The council is currently considering an offer (April 2013) to convert the building into a hotel and wedding venue.[11] The Schaw Home (pictured) was built in 1895 by Miss Marjory Shanks Schaw in memory of her brother and gifted to Glasgow Royal Infirmary. The building has now been split into private residential apartments.[12]

In 1906, many buildings were built at Bearsden Cross by Mathew Henderson (he also tried, unsuccessfully, to develop another commuter suburb at Drumchapel). Westerton Garden suburb was built around 1913 and is also now a conservation area near Westerton station. Near this is the site of the former Canniesburn Hospital, which has many Art Deco buildings and where pioneering plastic surgery was performed, notably on the Boy David who was featured on many television programmes and was adopted by one of the doctors there. The hospital site has now been developed into flats, but much of the character has been retained and copied. A further station in Bearsden is at Hillfoot. Bearsden continued to expand in the twentieth century as residents built large independently designed villas, estates of bungalows, and other types of houses. Few sites are now left unoccupied.[4]

In 1958, Bearsden became a Burgh. Then, in 1975, it became part of Bearsden & Milngavie District Council. Since 1996, it has been the largest of the five major towns of East Dunbartonshire Council.[13]

Toponymy

Bearsden was first known as Kirktoun(e) or New/Easter Kilpatrick village, all of which relate to the parish church situated in the centre of the town. There is no evidence that the village itself (rather than the parish) was ever called "New Kilpatrick" by locals (by the mid 19th century the houses near to the church had come to be called New Kirk).[4] Nevertheless, the name appears over the village on old maps (see image below) and the town's official Gaelic name is Cille Phàdraig Ùr. The Scots language records of the Parliament of Scotland prior to the Acts of Union 1707 use the names Easter Kirkpatrick and Eister Kilpatrick for the parish.[14][15]

The current name Bearsden originated from the railway station built in 1863, but the origin of the name itself is unresolved. The station was named after a house near the station site (to avoid confusion with Old Kilpatrick station[4]), but it was recorded as a name for the immediate area before that time.[16] The meaning behind the name "Bearsden" may be one of the following:

To quote James McCardel, the wisest course is frankly to admit that the derivation [of the name of Bearsden] is unknown.[4]

Coat of Arms

Sources of features on the Bearsden Burgh Coat of Arms
Campbell of Succoth (Garscube) 
Campbell
Colquhoun of Garscadden and Killermont[17] 
Colquhoun
House of Lennox 

The Lord Lyon King of Arms granted a Coat of Arms to the Burgh of Bearsden on 29 June 1959. Since 1975, details have been incorporated into the arms of subsequent local administrative bodies (Bearsden and Milngavie, then East Dunbartonshire). The arms feature the following details:[18]

Education

There are two secondary schools in the town, Bearsden Academy and Boclair Academy which both have academic performance "well above average".[20][21] These are fed by eight primary schools within the town (Boclair Academy's fourth feeder primary is located outside Bearsden in Torrance) and a small number of placing requests from other areas. The High School of Glasgow has a primary school section in the town - this is the result of a merger between the school and the former Drewsteignton Home School, founded in 1922.[12]

Primary School Feeds Into Neighbourhood
Westerton Primary School Boclair Academy Westerton
Killermont Primary School Boclair Academy Killermont
Colquhoun Park Primary School Boclair Academy Westerton
Baljaffray Primary School Bearsden Academy Baljaffray
Bearsden Primary School Bearsden Academy Town Centre/cross
Castlehill Primary School Bearsden Academy Castlehill
Mosshead Primary School Bearsden Academy Mosshead
St Andrews Primary School Bearsden Academy Town Centre/cross

Demography

The expansion of the town of Bearsden, as shown through maps of the area from 1832.

Bearsden is primarily a middle-class commuter suburb, with its residents travelling into Glasgow each day to work or study. The majority of its housing stock is detached. According to the 2001 census of Scotland, the area comprises 10,417 households, with a total population of 27,967. This is an increase of 0.6% (or 161 people) since 1991, when the population stood at 27,806 (there are an average of 2.64 people per household). Of these, 8,306 are over 55 years old, 17,700 are in social class ABC1, and 6,052 are in social class C2DE. A similar population figure was estimated in 2010 for the two council wards (27,551).[22][23] 73% of working residents surveyed travel to work by car, 16% by train or bus, 5% by other methods, and 6% work mainly at home. Many of the west of Scotland's most expensive houses are in the Old Bearsden Outstanding Conservation Area - Bearsden's postcode (G61) was ranked 7th richest in the UK by a 2005 survey,[24] with an estimated 176 millionaires living there. By comparison, just 235 people were estimated to be receiving Jobseeker's Allowance in 2011.[22][23]

The graphic is a summary of maps of the area since 1832. These demonstrate the growth of the town to its current extent from a large number of disconnected dwellings to a large settlement spreading from the New Kirk area. The relative size of houses (and corresponding affluence of households) tends to increase with age, but this is not a strict rule.[25][26][27]

Administration

Boclair House, formerly Buchanan Retreat, Bearsden, built 1890. Used by East Dunbartonshire Council's Education Department until 2012, it is being converted into a hotel with housing to the rear.[28]

Bearsden forms two East Dunbartonshire Council wards (there are eight in total), called Bearsden North and Bearsden South. Each Ward has three councillors elected through a single transferable vote system.

Ward 2 - Bearsden North

For representatives, see Results from 3 May 2012 election for Bearsden North

Bearsden North is part of the Clydebank and Milngavie constituency in the Scottish Parliament. The MSP is Gil Paterson (SNP);[29] elected on 5 May 2011.

Ward 3 - Bearsden South

For representatives, see Results from 3 May 2012 election for Bearsden South

Bearsden South is part of the Strathkelvin and Bearsden constituency in the Scottish Parliament. The MSP is Fiona McLeod (SNP);[30] elected on 5 May 2011.

Both constituencies form part of the West of Scotland regional list in the Scottish Parliament. The town is also part of the East Dunbartonshire constituency in the UK Parliament at Westminster. The current MP is John Nicolson (SNP)

Transport links

Bearsden can be accessed by rail from Bearsden, Westerton or Hillfoot stations.

Map of Bearsden in 1923

It can also be accessed by road, of which the main routes are:

RoadStarting pointEnding pointCommon names
A739 Canniesburn Toll Craigton Bearsden Road, Switchback Road
A809 Canniesburn Toll Drymen Drymen Road, Stockiemuir Road
A808 Bearsden Cross Kirkintilloch Roman Road, Boclair Road
A81 Centre of Glasgow Callander Milngavie Road, Maryhill Road

Neighbourhoods

Baljaffray Primary School

Neighbourhoods in Bearsden, like those in many other towns, do not have clear boundaries; where places like Kessington were once a few houses together surrounded by agricultural land, they now merge with other (once distinct) areas, like Killermont. In general terms, however, the neighbourhoods of Bearsden can be described as follows:

Notable people

Academia & Arts

Gruffalo Sculpture, Kilmardinny Loch, Bearsden

Charity, Commerce & Politics

Sport

Entertainment

Leisure Activities

Football

The Bearsden Amateur Football Club was constituted in 1890 and its founders were drawn mainly from the employees of the staging post, originally situated at Bearsden Cross. Their first ground was in Drymen road, now the site of the public hall and All Saints church and when the ground was re-developed the club moved on to Station Road where they played until the club disbanded on the outbreak of war in 1914. In 1919 the club reformed and played for the first time on their present ground at Thorn Park. The club won the Scottish Amateur Cup in 1961-62, beating Pencaitland 1-0 at Hampden Park.[61]

Presently they participate in the Caledonian Amateur Football League and other cup competitions.[62]

Baljaffray FC, established 2002 is the most recent new football club in Bearsden.[63]

Golf

Georgian neoclassical style club house of Glasgow Golf Club, built 1805.

The Glasgow Golf Club is one of the world's oldest, founded in 1787. In 1904 the club moved premises to Killermont House and its surrounding estate, built in 1805 for the Campbell-Colquhoun family. The club is unusual in having a links course (at Gailes, near Irvine) in addition to its home course.[12]

Bearsden Golf Club, to the East of Bearsden Cross, has a nine-hole course, with seven alternative greens, thus enabling a full round to be played. Its layout has not changed significantly from its foundation in 1891.[64]

Douglas Park Golf Club, Hillfoot, has a full course and can trace its history back to 1897, although the current layout dates from 1972.[65][66]

Windyhill Golf Club (founded 1908), West of Baljaffray, has an 18-hole course laid out by James Braid, who subsequently modified Glasgow Golf Club's Killermont course 16 years later. The course has views of the River Clyde, Campsie Fells and Kilpatrick Hills.[67][68]

Bearsden also has a driving range near Hillfoot Station, which not associated with any of the established clubs.

Highland Games

Highland Games for Bearsden and Milngavie are held annually at the West of Scotland Rugby Ground.[69]

Skiing

Bearsden Ski Club was formed circa 1964 by a small band of enthusiasts. The club has a membership of about 1200 skiers, boarders and social members. The club facilities include the Main alpine slope, two nursery slopes, a freestyle slope and a club house, it also currently undergoing further renovation. it provides for awide range of activities from skiing cross-country on one of their trips to tubing on the freestyle slope.[70]

Chess

Bearsden have a competitive chess club, with one team from the club winning the Glasgow Division 1 League outright in 2010.[71]

Scouting and Girlguiding

There are two Scout Groups in Bearsden. The 24th Glasgow (Bearsden) Scout Group, was formed in January 1908[72] and is one of the largest Groups in the UK[73] with four Beaver Colonies, four Cub Packs, two Scout Troops and an Explorer Unit, as well as providing a meeting place for Scout Network.[74] There is a published history of the group.[72] The group is known for its many international camps, including a biennial visit to the Kandersteg International Scout Centre since 1949[75] and currently has over 600 members.[76] The 183rd Glasgow Scout Group, was formed in 1947 by the Home Guard and has two Beaver Colonies, two Cub Packs, one Scout Troop and an Explorer Unit. It currently has over 130 members.[77] Like the 24th, it goes on many international camps during the summer holidays to Germany, Canada, Belgium, and more recently, Croatia.[78] Both Groups are part of the Clyde Region of the Scout Association. Girlguiding is also active in Bearsden, with units based at Killermont Parish Church and at the Guide Hut in Pendicle Road. The local units are members of the Girlguiding Dunbartonshire.[79]

Boys' Brigade

Bearsden has three Boys' Brigade Companies. The 1st Bearsden Company of the Boys' Brigade, Founded in 1898. The Company has three sections - Anchor Boys, Junior Section and Company Section.[80] The 2nd Bearsden Company of the Boys' Brigade, attached to the Westerton Parish Church which was established in 1957, but the BB Company can trace its history back to before that date. The 3rd Bearsden Company of the Boys' Brigade is attached to the Killermont Parish Church.

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