Bicosoecid

Bicosoeca cell scheme:
1. anterior flagellum,
2. phagosomes,
3. cytostome,
4. nucleus,
5. lorica,
6. posterior flagellum

Bicosoecids
Cafeteria roenbergensis, a non-loricate bicosoecid
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	SAR
Division:	Heterokontophyta
Order:	Bicosoecida Honigberg et al., 1964, Zhukov, 1978, Karpov, 1998, 2000
Genera
Bicosoeca James-Clark, 1866[1] (= Bikoeca Stein, 1878;[2] Bicoeca Senn, 1900[3]) Cafeteria Pseudobodo Siluania Symbiomonas
Synonyms
Bikoecida Stein, 1878 Bicoecinae Grassé, 1926[4] Bicoecidea Grassé & Deflandre in Grassé, 1952[5] Bicosoecales Bourrelly, 1968, 1981 Bicoecales Kristiansen, 1972[6] Bicosoecophyceae Casper, 1974, Loeblich III & Loeblich 1979[7] Bicosoecea Cavalier-Smith, 1986 Bicoecia Cavalier-Smith, 1989 Bicoecea Cavalier-Smith, 1993 Bicocoecida van den Hoek et al., 1995 Bikosea Cavalier-Smith 2013

The bicosoecids, formally Bicosoecida (ICZN) or Bicosoecales/Bicoecea (ICBN), are a small group of unicellular flagellates, included among the heterokonts. The cells are free-living, with no chloroplasts, and in some genera are encased in a lorica.

The name of the type genus Bicosoeca described by James-Clark in 1866 is derived from Greek roots (bikos, vase, bowl, plus oekein, inhabit). The philologically preferable compound would be Bicoeca, as "corrected" by Stein in 1878 and followed by most subsequent authors. However, according to the ICBN and ICZN, the original spelling of the name cannot be considered incorrect and it must be used in its original form.

The group was formerly considered to be related to the Chrysophyceae.^[8]

Some authors use the vernacular term "bicosoecid" (or "bicoecid") in a narrower sense, only for Bicosoeca, aplying "bicoeceans" to Bicosoeca and related groups like Cafeteria.^[9]

External links

• Cafeteria roenbergensis at the Encyclopedia of Life

Bibliography

• Hibberd, D. J. (1986). Ultrastructure of the Chrysophyceae. Colorless forms. p. 29-30 In: Chrysophytes: Aspects and Problems. Kristiansen, J. and R.A. Andersen [Eds.]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

References

1. James-Clark, H. (1868). On the Spongia Ciliatae as Infusoria Flagellata; or, observations on the structure, animality, and relationship of Leucosolenia botryoides, Bowerbank. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1 (3): 305-340. Also published in the Proceedings of this Society in June 20, 1866 (vol. 11, p. 15), in the American Journal of Science in November 1866, in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History in January 1867, and in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History in 1868 (4th ser., vol. 1: 133-142, 188–215, 250–264).
2. Stein, F. R. (1878). Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere, vol . 3, part 1. W. Engelmann, Leipzig.
3. Senn, G. (1900). Flagellata. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds.), 1887–1915. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien [...]. Teil I, Abt 1a. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 93–188, figs. 63–140, .
4. Grassé, P.-P. Contribution à l'étude des flagellés parasites. Archives de zoologie expérimentale et générale, t. 65, 1926, pp. 345-602 [576], disponible at Gallica.
5. Grassé, P.-P. & Deflandre, G . (1952). Ordre des Bicoecidea. In: Grassé, P.-P. (Ed.). Traité de Zoologie. Vol. 1, fasc. 1. Phylogénie. Protozoaries: Generalités, Flagellés. Masson et Cie, Paris. 599-601.
6. Jørgen Kristiansen. (1972). Structure and occurrence of Bicoeca crystallina, with remarks on the taxonomic position of the Bicoecales. British Phycological Journal, 7:1, 1-12
7. Loeblich, A. R., III and L. A. Loeblich. 1979. Division Chrysophyta, pp. 411-423. In: CRC Handbook of Microbiology, 2nd ed., vol. 2, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Viruses, ed. by A. I.Laskin and H. A. Lechevalier, CRC Press, Inc., West Palm Beach, FL.
8. David J. Hibberd (1978) Bicosoeca accreta sp. nov., a flagellate accumulating extraneous silica fragments, British Phycological Journal, 13:2, 161-166.
9. Cavalier-Smith, T; Chao, E. E. (2006). "Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista)". Journal of Molecular Evolution 62 (4): 388–420. doi:10.1007/s00239-004-0353-8. PMID 16557340. Supplementary material .