Bone growth factor

A bone growth factor is a growth factor that stimulates the growth of bone tissue.[1][2]

Known bone growth factors include insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs).[1][2][3]

Major hormones influencing bone growth and morphology include growth hormone (which acts via inducing IGF-1 production), androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and estrogens such as estradiol.[3][4] GH/IGF-1 are responsible for increasing overall body size, longitudinal bone size, and height, especially during puberty.[3][4] Estrogens cause the hips to widen and become rounded during puberty in females, and androgens cause the shoulders to broaden in males.[5][6][7] Estrogens mediate epiphyseal closure in both males and females.[3][4] Other hormones implicated in control of bone growth include thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone,[8] calcitonin,[9] glucocorticoids such as cortisol, and vitamin D (calcitriol).[4]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Mohan S, Baylink DJ (1991). "Bone growth factors". Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. (263): 30–48. PMID 1993386.
  2. 1 2 Baylink DJ, Finkelman RD, Mohan S (1993). "Growth factors to stimulate bone formation". J. Bone Miner. Res. 8 Suppl 2: S565–72. doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650081326. PMID 8122528.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Shim KS (2015). "Pubertal growth and epiphyseal fusion". Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 20 (1): 8–12. doi:10.6065/apem.2015.20.1.8. PMC 4397276. PMID 25883921.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Murray PG, Clayton PE (2013). "Endocrine control of growth". Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 163C (2): 76–85. doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31357. PMID 23613426.
  5. ↑ Epigenetics and Cancer. Academic Press. 23 November 2010. pp. 62–. ISBN 978-0-12-380865-3.
  6. ↑ Helmuth Nyborg (1 January 1994). Hormones, Sex, and Society: The Science of Physicology. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 51–. ISBN 978-0-275-94608-1.
  7. ↑ David Shaffer; Katherine Kipp (1 January 2013). Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence. Cengage Learning. pp. 191–. ISBN 1-111-83452-0.
  8. ↑ Lombardi G, Di Somma C, Rubino M, Faggiano A, Vuolo L, Guerra E, Contaldi P, Savastano S, Colao A (2011). "The roles of parathyroid hormone in bone remodeling: prospects for novel therapeutics". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 34 (7 Suppl): 18–22. PMID 21985975.
  9. ↑ Carter PH, Schipani E (2006). "The roles of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in bone remodeling: prospects for novel therapeutics". Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 6 (1): 59–76. doi:10.2174/187153006776056666. PMID 16611165.


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