Bora language

Bora
Meamuyna
Native to Peru, Colombia
Ethnicity Bora people
Native speakers
 2,400 (2000)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 boa
Glottolog bora1263[2]

Bora is an indigenous language of South America spoken in the western region of Amazon rainforest. Bora is a tonal language which, other than the Ticuna language, is a unique trait in the region. The majority of its speakers reside in Perú and Columbia. Around 2,328 Bora-speakers live in the Northeast Yaguasyacu, Putumayo, and Ampiyacu river areas of Peru. Peruvian speakers have a 10 to 30% literacy rate and a 25 to 50% literacy rate in their second language of Spanish. Miraña, another dialect of Bora, is spoken along the Caquetá-Japurá river which flows from Colombia to Brasil, and a few villages are there. Bora proper has 94% mutual comprehensibility with the Miraña dialect.

The written form of Bora was developed by Wycleff Bible Translators Wesley and Eva Thiesen with the help of the natives of the village of Brillo Nuevo on the Yaguasyacu river. Wesley and Eva Thiesen's daughter Ruth is also the first recorded non-native to learn the language. First, Bora to Spanish school books were developed. Then the New Testament Bible was translated. Finally, a comprehensive dictionary and grammar book was developed to document and preserve the language's grammar rules. This has since facilitated more text books so that natives can be taught to read and write in their own language, rescuing it from extinction due to the prevalence of Spanish and Portuguese in the regions where it is spoken.

Early linguistic investigators thought that Bora was related to the Huitoto (Witoto) language, but there is actually very little similarity between the two. The confusion was most likely due to the frequent intermarriage between the tribes and the Ocaina dialect of Witotoan which has many Bora words. Another dialect of Bora, Muinane, which has about a 50% comprehensibility with Bora and Miraña, is spoken along tributaries of the Caquetá river in central Colombia. There are about 500 speakers of Bora also in Colombia in the Putumayo Department. Bora contains 350 noun classes, the most discovered of any languages thus far.

[3] [4] [5] [6]

References

  1. ↑ Bora at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Bora". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  3. ↑ Tongue Twisters: In Search of the World's Hardest Language, The Economist, December 19, 2009-January 1, 2010, 136-137
  4. ↑ http://www.peru.sil.org/language_culture/family_jivaroan-witotoan/bora
  5. ↑ http://www.peru.sil.org/language_culture/family_jivaroan-witotoan
  6. ↑ http://www.peru.sil.org/language_culture/family_jivaroan-witotoan/ocaina1452i

External links

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