Brazilian general election, 2002

6 and 27 October 2002



Candidate	Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva	José Serra
Party	PT	PSDB
Home state	Pernambuco / São Paulo	São Paulo
Running mate	José Alencar	Rita Camata
States carried	25+DF	1
Popular vote	52,772,475	33,356,860
Percentage	61.3%	38.7%

Presidential election results map after the second round of voting: Red denotes states won by Lula, and Blue denotes those won by Serra.

President before election

Fernando Henrique Cardoso
PSDB

Elected President

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
PT

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General elections were held in Brazil on 6 October 2002, with a second round on 27 October. After three failed attempts, Workers' Party leader Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva succeeded in a presidential election. Nevertheless, he did not manage to obtain the majority of valid votes in the first round; this led the presidential election to a second round, which Lula won with 52.7 million votes (61.3% of the total), becoming at the time the second most voted-for president in the world, after Ronald Reagan in the 1984 United States presidential election.

Background

During the second term of the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration, a serious economic crisis began in Brazil as an impact of the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Commencing shortly after the 1998 elections, when Cardoso was re-elected, as a currency crisis, it resulted in a decrease in growth and employment rates and a rise in public debt. In an environment of distrust and uncertainty for investment, many investors feared the measures that were going to be taken if a left-wing candidate won the election. As a matter of fact, when Lula would rise in the polls, the so-called "Brazil risk" index, which measures the confidence of investors in the country, would also rise. The media called this the "Lula risk", indicating that if Lula was to win the election, the economy would fail. Lula was then forced to sign a text that became known as Carta aos Brasileiros (Letter to the Brazilian people), promising that if he won the election, he would not change the economic policy of Brazil. Many in the left-wing saw this as a shift to the center from Lula and his Workers' Party, which openly defended a transition to socialist economy in the 1989 presidential election.

Results

President

**Summary of the 6 October and 27 October 2002 Brazil presidential election results**
Candidates	Votes	% 1st round	Votes	% 2nd round
Luis Inácio Lula da Silva (PT, PL, PC do B, PMN, PCB, PV)	39,436,099	46.4	52,772,475	61.3
José Serra (PSDB, PMDB, PP, PFL)	19,694,843	23.2	33,356,860	38.7
Anthony Garotinho (PSB, PGT, PTC)	15,176,204	17.9	-	-
Ciro Gomes (PPS, PDT, PTB)	10,166,324	12.0	-	-
José Maria de Almeida (PSTU)	402,236	0.5	-	-
Rui Costa Pimenta (PCO)	38,619	0.0	-	-
Total (turnout 82.3 and 79.5 %)	84,914,015	100	86,129,335	100
Notes: party of the candidate, supporting parties, unofficial supporting parties
Source: Banco de Dados Eleitorais do Brasil

Congress

**Summary of the 6 October 2002 National Congress of Brazil election results**
Parties	Chamber of Deputies			Federal Senate
Parties	Votes	%	Seats	%	Total seats	elected in 2002
Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores)	16,093,987	18.4	91	.	14	10
Brazilian Social Democracy Party (Partido da Social-Democracia Brasileira)	12,534,774	14.3	71	.	11	8
Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal)	11,706,231	13.4	84	.	19	14
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro)	11,692,011	13.4	74	.	19	9
Progressive Party (Partido Progresista)	6,840,041	7.8	49	.	1	-
Brazilian Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Brasileiro)	4,616,860	5.3	22	.	4	3
Democratic Labour Party (Partido Democrático Trabalhista)	4,482,528	5.1	21	.	5	4
Brazilian Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro)	4,052,107	4.6	26	.	3	2
Liberal Party (Partido Liberal)	3,780,259	4.3	26	.	3	2
Socialist People's Party (Partido Popular Socialista)	2,682,339	3.1	15	.	1	1
Communist Party of Brazil (Partido Comunista do Brasil)	1,967,833	2.2	12	.	-	-
Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order (Partido da Reedificação da Ordem Nacional)	1,804,655	2.1	6	.	-	-
Green Party (Partido Verde)	1,182,364	1.4	5	.	-	-
Christian Social Party (Partido Social Cristão)	504,611	0.6	1	.	-	-
Social Labour Party (Partido Social Trabalhista)	504,044	0.6	3	.	-	-
Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrático)	452,386	0.5	4	.	1	1
Social Liberal Party (Partido Social Liberal)	408,512	0.5	1	.	-	-
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro)	304,092	0.3	-	.	-	-
Humanist Party of Solidarity (Partido Humanista de Solidaridade)	294,920	0.3	-	.	-	-
Party of National Mobilization (Partido da Mobilização Nacional)	282,875	0.3	1	.	-	-
Progressive Republican Party (Partido Republicano Progresista)	251,970	0.2	-	.	-	-
General Party of the Workers (Partido Geral dos Trabalhadores)	194,686	0.2	-	.	-	-
Social Democratic Christian Party (Partido Social-Democrata Cristão)	192,545	0.2	1	.	-	-
Labour Party of Brazil (Partido Trabalhista do Brasil )	168,639	0.2	-	.	-	-
United Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores)	159,251	0.2	-	.	-	-
Party of the Nation's Retirees (Partido dos Aposentados da Naçao)	126,663	0.1	-	.	-	-
National Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Nacional)	118,471	0.1	-	.	-	-
Christian Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Cristão)	74,955	0.1	-	.	-	-
Brazilian Communist Party (Partido Comunista Brasileiro)	45,963	0.1	-	.	-	-
Party of the Working Class's Cause (Partido da Causa Operária)	29,351	0.1	-	.	-	-
Total (turnout 82.3 %)	87,549,923	100	513		81	54
Source: Banco de Dados Eleitorais do Brasil

References

Elections and referendums in Brazil

Presidential elections	(1891) 1894 1898 1902 1906 1910 1914 1918 1919 1922 1926 1930 (1934) 1945 1950 1955 1960 (1964) (1966) (1969) (1974) (1978) (1985) 1989 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

Parliamentary elections	1823 1826 1830 1834 1842 1843 1845 1848 1850 1853 1857 1861 1864 1867 1869 1872 1877 1878 1882 1885 1886 1890 1894 1896 1899 1903 1906 1909 1912 1915 1918 1927 1930 1933 1934 1945 1947 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

Municipal elections	1985 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012

Referendums	1963 1993 2005

Elections in brackets were indirect

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