CDKN2D

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2D (p19, inhibits CDK4)
PDB rendering based on 1bd8.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1BD8​, 1BI8​
Identifiers
Symbols	CDKN2D ; INK4D; p19; p19-INK4D
External IDs	OMIM: 600927 MGI: 105387 HomoloGene: 36081 GeneCards: CDKN2D Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity • protein binding • protein kinase binding Cellular component • nucleus • cytoplasm • cytosol Biological process • regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity • G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle • mitotic cell cycle • DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair • cell cycle arrest • sensory perception of sound • negative regulation of cell proliferation • response to UV • negative regulation of cell growth • response to retinoic acid • response to vitamin D • negative regulation of phosphorylation • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process • autophagic cell death • negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity • negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1032	12581
Ensembl	ENSG00000129355	ENSMUSG00000096472
UniProt	P55273	Q60773
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001800	NM_009878
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001791	NP_034008
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 10.57 – 10.57 Mb	Chr 9: 21.29 – 21.29 Mb
PubMed search

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDKN2D gene.^[1][2]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. This protein has been shown to form a stable complex with CDK4 or CDK6, and prevent the activation of the CDK kinases, thus function as a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle G1 progression. The abundance of the transcript of this gene was found to oscillate in a cell-cycle dependent manner with the lowest expression at mid G1 and a maximal expression during S phase. The negative regulation of the cell cycle involved in this protein was shown to participate in repressing neuronal proliferation, as well as spermatogenesis. Two alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode an identical protein, have been reported.^[2]

Note, this protein should not be confused with p19-ARF (mouse) or the human equivalent p14-ARF, which are alternative products of the CDKN2a gene.

References

1. Okuda T, Hirai H, Valentine VA, Shurtleff SA, Kidd VJ, Lahti JM, Sherr CJ, Downing JR (Mar 1996). "Molecular cloning, expression pattern, and chromosomal localization of human CDKN2D/INK4d, an inhibitor of cyclin D-dependent kinases". Genomics 29 (3): 623–30. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9957. PMID 8575754.
2. "Entrez Gene: CDKN2D cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2D (p19, inhibits CDK4)".

Further reading

• Hirai H, Roussel MF, Kato JY; et al. (1995). "Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (5): 2672–81. PMC 230497. PMID 7739547.
• Chan FK, Zhang J, Cheng L; et al. (1995). "Identification of human and mouse p19, a novel CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor with homology to p16ink4.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (5): 2682–8. PMC 230498. PMID 7739548.
• Guan KL, Jenkins CW, Li Y; et al. (1996). "Isolation and characterization of p19INK4d, a p16-related inhibitor specific to CDK6 and CDK4.". Mol. Biol. Cell 7 (1): 57–70. doi:10.1091/mbc.7.1.57. PMC 278612. PMID 8741839.
• Schwaller J, Pabst T, Koeffler HP; et al. (1997). "Expression and regulation of G1 cell-cycle inhibitors (p16INK4A, p15INK4B, p18INK4C, p19INK4D) in human acute myeloid leukemia and normal myeloid cells.". Leukemia 11 (1): 54–63. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2400522. PMID 9001419.
• Russo AA, Tong L, Lee JO; et al. (1998). "Structural basis for inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk6 by the tumour suppressor p16INK4a.". Nature 395 (6699): 237–43. doi:10.1038/26155. PMID 9751050.
• Brotherton DH, Dhanaraj V, Wick S; et al. (1998). "Crystal structure of the complex of the cyclin D-dependent kinase Cdk6 bound to the cell-cycle inhibitor p19INK4d.". Nature 395 (6699): 244–50. doi:10.1038/26164. PMID 9751051.
• Baumgartner R, Fernandez-Catalan C, Winoto A; et al. (1998). "Structure of human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19INK4d: comparison to known ankyrin-repeat-containing structures and implications for the dysfunction of tumor suppressor p16INK4a.". Structure 6 (10): 1279–90. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(98)00128-2. PMID 9782052.
• Schreiber M, Muller WJ, Singh G, Graham FL (1999). "Comparison of the effectiveness of adenovirus vectors expressing cyclin kinase inhibitors p16INK4A, p18INK4C, p19INK4D, p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27KIP1 in inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of tumorigenicity.". Oncogene 18 (9): 1663–76. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202466. PMID 10208428.
• Newton Bishop JA, Harland M, Bennett DC; et al. (1999). "Mutation testing in melanoma families: INK4A, CDK4 and INK4D.". Br. J. Cancer 80 (1-2): 295–300. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6690354. PMC 2363010. PMID 10390011.
• Zindy F, Cunningham JJ, Sherr CJ; et al. (1999). "Postnatal neuronal proliferation in mice lacking Ink4d and Kip1 inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (23): 13462–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.23.13462. PMC 23970. PMID 10557343.
• Thullberg M, Bartkova J, Khan S; et al. (2000). "Distinct versus redundant properties among members of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.". FEBS Lett. 470 (2): 161–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01307-7. PMID 10734227.
• Bartkova J, Thullberg M, Rajpert-De Meyts E; et al. (2000). "Lack of p19INK4d in human testicular germ-cell tumours contrasts with high expression during normal spermatogenesis.". Oncogene 19 (36): 4146–50. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203769. PMID 10962575.
• Fink JR, LeBien TW (2001). "Novel expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in human B-cell precursors.". Exp. Hematol. 29 (4): 490–8. doi:10.1016/S0301-472X(01)00619-1. PMID 11301189.
• Zeeb M, Rösner H, Zeslawski W; et al. (2002). "Protein folding and stability of human CDK inhibitor p19(INK4d).". J. Mol. Biol. 315 (3): 447–57. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5242. PMID 11786024.
• Matsuzaki Y, Miyazawa K, Yokota T; et al. (2002). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human p19(INK4d) gene promoter.". FEBS Lett. 517 (1-3): 272–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02647-9. PMID 12062451.
• Arcellana-Panlilio MY, Egeler RM, Ujack E; et al. (2002). "Evidence of a role for the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in ovarian granulosa cell tumors.". Genes Chromosomes Cancer 35 (2): 176–81. doi:10.1002/gcc.10108. PMID 12203782.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L; et al. (2004). "Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides.". Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (5): 566–9. doi:10.1038/nbt810. PMID 12665801.
• Komata T, Kanzawa T, Takeuchi H; et al. (2004). "Antitumour effect of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16(INK4A), p18(INK4C), p19(INK4D), p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(KIP1)) on malignant glioma cells.". Br. J. Cancer 88 (8): 1277–80. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600862. PMC 2747579. PMID 12698196.

External links

• CDKN2D human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
• CDKN2D human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.