Calaveras County, California

Calaveras County, California
County
County of Calaveras
Calaveras County view
Flag Seal
Location in the state of California
California's location in the United States
Country	United States of America
State	California
Regions	Sierra Nevada, Gold Country
Incorporated	February 18, 1850[1]
County seat	San Andreas
Largest community	Rancho Calaveras
Area
• Total	1,037 sq mi (2,690 km^2)
• Land	1,020 sq mi (2,600 km^2)
• Water	17 sq mi (40 km^2)
Population (April 1, 2010)[2]
• Total	45,578
• Estimate (2015)[2]	44,828
• Density	44/sq mi (17/km^2)
Time zone	Pacific Time Zone (UTC-8)
• Summer (DST)	Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-7)
Area code	209
FIPS code	06-009
GNIS feature ID	1675885
Website	www.co.calaveras.ca.us

Calaveras County, officially the County of Calaveras, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 45,578.^[3] The county seat is San Andreas,^[4] and Angels Camp is the only incorporated city. Calaveras is the Spanish word for skulls; the county was reportedly named for the remains of Native Americans discovered by the Spanish explorer Captain Gabriel Moraga.

Calaveras County is located in both the Gold Country and High Sierra regions of California.

Calaveras Big Trees State Park, a preserve of Giant Sequoia trees, is located in the county several miles east of the town of Arnold on State Highway 4. Credit for the discovery of giant sequoias here is given to Augustus T. Dowd, a trapper who made the discovery in 1852 while tracking a bear. When the bark from the "Discovery Tree" was removed and taken on a tour around the world, the trees soon became a worldwide sensation and one of the county's first tourist attractions. The uncommon gold telluride mineral calaverite was discovered in the county in 1861 and is named for it.

Mark Twain set his story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County", in the county. The county hosts an annual fair and Jumping Frog Jubilee, featuring a frog-jumping contest, to celebrate the association with Twain's story. Each year's winner is commemorated with a brass plaque mounted in the sidewalk of downtown Historic Angels Camp and this feature is known as the Frog Hop of Fame. The California red-legged frog, feared extinct in the county by 1969, was rediscovered in 2003.

Etymology

The Spanish word calaveras means "skulls." The county takes its name from the Calaveras River; it was said to have been named by Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga when he found many skulls of Native Americans along the banks of the stream. He believed they had either died of famine or been killed in tribal conflicts over hunting and fishing grounds. In fact, the human remains were of the native Miwuk people killed by Spanish soldiers after they banded together to rise against Spanish missionaries. The Stanislaus River, which runs through the county, is named for Estanislao, a Lakisamni Yokut who escaped from Mission San Jose in the late 1830s. He is reported to have raised a small group of men with crude weapons, hiding in the foothills when the Spanish attacked. The natives were quickly decimated by Spanish gunfire.

In 1836, John Marsh, Jose Noriega, and a party of men, went exploring in Northern California. They made camp along a river bed in the evening, and when they woke up the next morning, discovered that they had camped in the midst of a great quantity of skulls and bones. They also gave the river the appropriate name: Calaveras.^[5][6][7]

The writer Mark Twain spent 88 seminal days in the county, during which time he heard the story that became The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County in the Angel Hotel in 1865. This short story kicked off Mark Twain's career and put Calaveras County on the map.

History

Calaveras County was one of the original counties of the state of California, created in 1850 at the time of admission to the Union. Parts of the county's territory were reassigned to Amador County in 1854 and to Alpine County in 1864.^[1]

The county's geography includes beautiful landmarks, rolling hills, and giant valleys. It is also known for its friendly communities, and businesses such as agriculture management and construction engineering. It has numerous caverns, such as Mercer Caverns, California Cavern and Moaning Cavern that are national destinations for tourists from across the country. Other attractions include a thriving wine making industry, including the largest of the Calaveras wineries: Ironstone Vineyards, mountain sports recreation and the performing arts.

Gold prospecting in Calaveras County began in late 1848 with a camp founded by Henry and George Angel. The brothers first arrived in California as soldiers, serving under Colonel Frémont during the Mexican War. After the war's end, the brothers found themselves in Monterey where they heard of the fabulous finds in the gold fields. They joined the Carson-Robinson party of prospectors and set out for the mines. The company parted ways upon reaching what later became known as Angels Creek. The brothers tried placer mining but soon opened a trading post. By the end of the year, over one hundred tents were scattered about the creek and the settlement was referred to as Angels Trading Post, later shortened to Angels Camp.

Placer mining soon gave out around the camp, but an extensive gold-bearing quartz vein of the area's Mother Lode was located by the Winter brothers during the mid-1850s, and this brought in the foundations of a permanent town. This vein followed Main Street from Angels Creek up to the southern edge of Altaville. Five major mines worked the rich vein: the Stickle, the Utica, the Lightner, the Angels, and the Sultana. These mines reached their peaks during the 1880s and 1890s, when over 200 stamp mills crushed quartz ore brought in by hand cars on track from the mines. By the time hard rock mining was done, the five mines had producing a total of over $20 million in gold.^[8]

The telluride mineral calaverite was first recognized and obtained in 1861 from the Stanislaus Mine, Carson Hill, Angels Camp, in Calaveras Co., California.^[9] It was named for the County of origin by chemist and mineralogist Frederick Augustus Genth who differentiated it from the known gold telluride mineral sylvanite, and formally reported it as a new gold mineral in 1868.^[10][11]

Geography

California Caverns - Calaveras County

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,037 square miles (2,690 km²), of which 1,020 square miles (2,600 km²) is land and 17 square miles (44 km²) (1.6%) is water.^[12] A California Department of Forestry report lists the county's area in acres as 663,000, although the exact figure would be 663,477.949 acres (2,685.00000 km²). There are a number of caverns located in Calaveras County.

National protected area

• Stanislaus National Forest (part)

Demographics

2011

Population, race, and income
Total population[13]	45,794
White[13]	41,672	91.0%
Black or African American[13]	496	1.1%
American Indian or Alaska Native[13]	571	1.2%
Asian[13]	601	1.3%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander[13]	16	0.0%
Some other race[13]	1,114	2.4%
Two or more races[13]	1,324	2.9%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[14]	4,688	10.2%
Per capita income[15]	$28,667
Median household income[16]	$55,256
Median family income[17]	$67,253

Places by population, race, and income

Places by population and race
Place	Type[18]	Population[13]	White[13]	Other[13] [note 1]	Asian[13]	Black or African American[13]	Native American[13] [note 2]	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[14]
Angels	City	3,820	94.9%	5.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	17.7%
Arnold	CDP	3,172	93.0%	6.7%	0.0%	0.0%	0.3%	6.9%
Avery	CDP	415	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copperopolis	CDP	4,177	93.0%	3.4%	0.7%	2.9%	0.0%	3.6%
Dorrington	CDP	466	88.4%	11.6%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	16.7%
Forest Meadows	CDP	1,546	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Mokelumne Hill	CDP	717	94.8%	1.5%	0.0%	0.0%	3.6%	11.2%
Mountain Ranch	CDP	1,541	93.3%	0.9%	0.0%	5.8%	0.0%	5.9%
Murphys	CDP	1,965	92.6%	3.7%	2.5%	0.0%	1.2%	5.6%
Rail Road Flat	CDP	410	82.2%	0.0%	0.0%	17.8%	0.0%	8.3%
Rancho Calaveras	CDP	5,997	88.8%	8.9%	0.4%	0.3%	1.6%	12.2%
San Andreas	CDP	2,941	92.0%	5.4%	0.5%	1.3%	0.8%	16.1%
Vallecito	CDP	841	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	3.6%
Valley Springs	CDP	4,196	92.3%	2.8%	4.9%	0.0%	0.0%	20.8%
Wallace	CDP	131	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
West Point	CDP	654	95.3%	4.7%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	1.2%

Places by population and income
Place	Type[18]	Population[19]	Per capita income[15]	Median household income[16]	Median family income[17]
Angels	City	3,820	$28,279	$48,614	$65,625
Arnold	CDP	3,172	$32,814	$53,036	$54,296
Avery	CDP	415	$15,683	$23,162	$28,750
Copperopolis	CDP	4,177	$27,834	$62,798	$71,715
Dorrington	CDP	466	$32,069	$39,677	$39,435
Forest Meadows	CDP	1,546	$37,177	$81,950	$84,212
Mokelumne Hill	CDP	717	$28,816	$68,622	$77,000
Mountain Ranch	CDP	1,541	$30,141	$46,444	$61,224
Murphys	CDP	1,965	$30,462	$43,885	$52,330
Rail Road Flat	CDP	410	$24,343	$35,882	$36,618
Rancho Calaveras	CDP	5,997	$27,578	$72,623	$77,528
San Andreas	CDP	2,941	$20,835	$37,657	$65,096
Vallecito	CDP	841	$27,786	$78,209	$79,459
Valley Springs	CDP	4,196	$28,404	$67,009	$74,500
Wallace	CDP	131	$38,162	$46,691	$46,691
West Point	CDP	654	$18,043	$37,997	$38,516

2010

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1850	16,884		—
1860	16,299		−3.5%
1870	8,895		−45.4%
1880	9,094		2.2%
1890	8,882		−2.3%
1900	11,200		26.1%
1910	9,171		−18.1%
1920	6,183		−32.6%
1930	6,008		−2.8%
1940	8,221		36.8%
1950	9,902		20.4%
1960	10,289		3.9%
1970	13,585		32.0%
1980	20,710		52.4%
1990	31,998		54.5%
2000	40,554		26.7%
2010	45,578		12.4%
Est. 2015	44,828		−1.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[20] 1790–1960[21] 1900–1990[22] 1990–2000[23] 2010–2015[3]

The 2010 United States Census reported that Calaveras County had a population of 45,578. The racial makeup of Calaveras County was 40,522 (88.9%) White, 383 (0.8%) African American, 689 (1.5%) Native American, 571 (1.3%) Asian, 79 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 1,534 (3.4%) from other races, and 1,800 (3.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,703 persons (10.3%).^[24]

Population reported at 2010 United States Census
The County	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Calaveras County	45,578	40,522	383	689	571	79	1,534	1,800	4,703
Incorporated city	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Angels Camp	3,836	3,329	12	48	49	5	270	123	498
Census-designated places	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
Arnold	3,843	3,590	20	28	46	3	60	96	259
Avery	646	604	5	7	3	1	2	24	38
Copperopolis	3,671	3,318	31	43	36	12	83	148	454
Dorrington	609	576	0	2	11	1	1	18	33
Forest Meadows	1,249	1,198	0	4	14	0	7	26	60
Mokelumne Hill	646	571	3	12	4	0	26	30	66
Mountain Ranch	1,628	1,472	15	33	18	2	15	73	123
Murphys	2,213	2,045	9	17	7	10	82	43	223
Rail Road Flat	475	411	0	15	4	2	9	34	41
Rancho Calaveras	5,325	4,645	48	102	87	13	195	235	670
San Andreas	2,783	2,453	23	48	28	1	83	147	255
Vallecito	442	398	0	6	11	1	5	21	33
Valley Springs	3,553	3,047	35	39	70	6	179	177	454
Wallace	403	347	3	4	10	2	22	15	32
West Point	674	563	0	43	2	7	29	30	67
Unincorporated communities	Total Population	White	African American	Native American	Asian	Pacific Islander	other races	two or more races	Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
All others not CDPs (combined)	13,582	11,955	179	238	171	13	466	560	1,397

2000

As of the census^[25] of 2000, there were 40,554 people, 16,469 households, and 11,742 families residing in the county. The population density was 40 people per square mile (15/km²). There were 22,946 housing units at an average density of 22 per square mile (9/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 91.2% White, 0.8% Black or African American, 1.7% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.1% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. 6.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 15.7% were of German, 13.0% English, 10.7% Irish, 7.4% Italian and 7.0% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 94.5% spoke English and 4.0% Spanish as their first language.

There were 16,469 households out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the county the population was spread out with 22.8% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 31.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $41,022, and the median income for a family was $47,379. Males had a median income of $41,827 versus $28,108 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,420. About 8.7% of families and 11.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

The major Calaveras County employers include:

250-499 employees:

• Bear Valley Ski Area^[26]
• Calaveras County Government
• Forestry & Fire Protection
• Mark Twain St. Joseph's Hospital

100-249 employees:

• Bret Harte High School
• Ironstone Vineyards
• Calaveras High School
• Mark Twain Convalescent Hospital
• Mountain Machinery^[27]

Government

Calaveras County is governed by a five-member Board of Supervisors. Supervisors are elected by district at the Consolidated Primary Election and serve for four years. Current Board of Supervisors: Cliff Edson (District 1); Chris Wright (District 2); Michael Oliveira (District 3); Debbie Ponte (District 4) and Steve Kearney(District 5). In January 2016 Cliff Edson was elected Chair of the Board and Chris Wright was elected Vice Chair. Shirley Ryan is the County Administrative Officer and Megan Stedtfeld is the County Counsel. Both are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the Board of Supervisors.

Elections and politics

Voter registration statistics

Population and registered voters
Total population[13]	45,794
Registered voters[28][note 3]	28,763	62.8%
Democratic[28]	8,841	30.7%
Republican[28]	12,221	42.5%
Democratic–Republican spread[28]	-3,380	-11.8%
Independent[28]	1,310	4.6%
Green[28]	261	0.9%
Libertarian[28]	348	1.2%
Peace and Freedom[28]	94	0.3%
Americans Elect[28]	3	0.0%
Other[28]	211	0.7%
No party preference[28]	5,474	19.0%

Cities by population and voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration
City	Population[13]	Registered voters[28] [note 3]	Democratic[28]	Republican[28]	D–R spread[28]	Other[28]	No party preference[28]
Angels	3,820	61.9%	31.5%	42.9%	-11.4%	11.2%	18.1%

Overview

Calaveras County vote
by party in presidential elections

Year	GOP	DNC	Others
2012	57.1% 10,537	40.1% 7,404	2.9% 528
2008	55.1% 12,835	42.2% 9,813	3.3% 773
2004	60.9% 13,601	37.1% 8,286	2.0% 456
2000	56.2% 10,599	37.6% 7,093	6.3% 1,184
1996	48.1% 8,279	38.6% 6,646	13.3% 2,281
1992	35.4% 6,006	35.3% 5,989	29.4% 4,996
1988	56.3% 7,640	41.8% 5,674	1.9% 260
1984	64.3% 7,632	34.4% 4,081	1.4% 164
1980	58.9% 6,054	29.9% 3,076	11.1% 1,145
1976	49.1% 3,695	47.9% 3,607	3.0% 226
1972	60.8% 4,119	33.5% 2,268	5.8% 392
1968	52.2% 3,042	36.6% 2,134	11.3% 656
1964	41.6% 2,244	58.3% 3,145	0.2% 8
1960	52.6% 2,820	46.8% 2,509	0.6% 32
1956	57.9% 2,843	41.7% 2,049	0.4% 17
1952	61.7% 3,112	37.4% 1,890	0.9% 46
1948	46.8% 1,888	49.4% 1,995	3.8% 154
1944	43.2% 1,455	56.2% 1,893	0.6% 21
1940	40.4% 1,649	58.9% 2,405	0.7% 29
1936	27.2% 960	71.3% 2,520	1.5% 54
1932	29.0% 754	67.1% 1,744	3.9% 101
1928	53.8% 1,262	45.4% 1,066	0.8% 18
1924	39.4% 872	15.06% 333	45.5% 1,006
1920	64.0% 1,480	27.7% 641	8.3% 193

Election results from statewide races
Year	Office	Results
2010	Governor	Brown 53.8 - 39.1%
	Lieutenant Governor	Newsom 51.1 - 34.6%
	Secretary of State	Dunn 51.0 - 36.7%
	Controller	Chiang 49.5 - 38.7%
	Treasurer	Walters 46.1 - 43.5%
	Attorney General	Cooley 56.7 - 28.5%
	Insurance Commissioner	Villines 49.7 - 34.6%

Calaveras County is in California's 4th congressional district, represented by Republican Tom McClintock.^[29]

In the State Senate, Calaveras County is in the 8th Senate District, represented by Republican Tom Berryhill.^[30] In the State Assembly, it is in the 5th Assembly District, represented by Republican Frank Bigelow.^[31]

Past presidential elections in Calaveras County have displayed preferences for Republican candidates; the last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Lyndon Johnson in 1964, although Democrat Bill Clinton lost the county by only 17 votes in 1992. By contrast, recent elections have seen a sharp upswing in Democratic voter registrations.

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Population and crime rates
Population[13]	45,794
Violent crime[32]	84	1.83
Homicide[32]	1	0.02
Forcible rape[32]	16	0.35
Robbery[32]	14	0.31
Aggravated assault[32]	53	1.16
Property crime[32]	523	11.42
Burglary[32]	284	6.20
Larceny-theft[32][note 4]	405	8.84
Motor vehicle theft[32]	99	2.16
Arson[32]	8	0.17

Cities by population and crime rates

Cities by population and crime rates
City	Population[33]	Violent crimes[33]	Violent crime rate per 1,000 persons	Property crimes[33]	Property crime rate per 1,000 persons
City of Angels	3,826	14	3.66	86	22.48

Transportation

Major highways

• State Route 4
• State Route 12
• State Route 26
• State Route 49

Public transportation

Calaveras Transit provides service in Angels Camp, San Andreas, and other communities in the county. Intercounty connections are available to Columbia (Tuolumne County), Jackson (Amador County), and Lodi (San Joaquin County).

Airports

Calaveras County Airport is a general aviation airport located just southeast of San Andreas.

Communities

Angels Camp is the only incorporated city located in Calaveras County.

Census-designated places

• Arnold
• Avery
• Copperopolis
• Dorrington
• Forest Meadows
• Glencoe
• Mokelumne Hill
• Mountain Ranch
• Murphys
• Rail Road Flat
• Rancho Calaveras
• San Andreas (county seat)
• Sheep Ranch
• Vallecito
• Valley Springs
• Wallace
• West Point

Former settlements

• Camanche
• Cat Camp
• Poverty Bar
• Sand Hill

Special districts

• Altaville Cemetery District
• Altaville-Melones Fire District
• Angels Camp Fire District
• Bret Harte Union High School District
• Calaveras County Air Pollution Control District
• Calaveras Unified School District
• Central Calaveras Fire and Rescue Protection District
• Copperopolis Fire Protection District
• Ebbetts Pass Fire Protection District
• Foothill Fire District
• Jenny Lind Fire District
• Mark Twain Health Care District
• Mark Twain Union Elementary School District
• Mokelumne Hill Fire District
• Murphys Fire District
• San Andreas Fire District
• Vallecito Union Elementary School District
• Valley Springs Public Utilities District
• West Point Fire District.^[34]

See also

• USS Calaveras County (LST-516)
• List of school districts in Calaveras County, California
• Calaveras Big Trees State Park
• Mercer Caverns
• Moaning Cavern
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Calaveras County, California

Notes

1. Other = Some other race + Two or more races
2. Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
3. Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
4. Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

References

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7. Thompson, Thomas Hinkley, and West, Albert Augustus. History of San Joaquin County, California, p. 13, 1879.
8. Koeppel, Elliot H. "Angels Camp". The California Gold Country: Highway 49 Revisited. Malakoff & Co. ISBN 0-938121-12-X.
9. Calaverite information
10. American Journal of Science. (2). xlv, p. 314.
11. http://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/dam/psul/up/emsl/documents/circulars/circular27.pdf Biographical paper on F. A. Genth
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18. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
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24. "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau.
25. "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
26. "Bear Valley Ski Resort Home Page". Bear Valley Ski Resort. January 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-12.
27. "Calaveras County Largest Employers". usaINFO. January 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-10.
28. California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration. Retrieved 2013-10-31.
29. "California's 4th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
30. "Senators". State of California. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
31. "Members Assembly". State of California. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
32. Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
33. United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved 2013-11-14.
34. "Largest Calaveras County Employers". infoUSA. January 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-10.

Further reading

• A Memorial and Biographical History of the Counties of Merced, Stanislaus, Calaveras, Tuolumne and Mariposa, California. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1892.
• "Tuolumne-Calaveras Unit: 2005 Pre-Fire Management Plan September 28, 2005 Edition," California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, 09-28-2005, pp. 16, 17
• United States Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.

External links

• Official website
• Calaveras County Visitors Bureau
• Angels Camp, Calaveras County, weather
• Arnold, Calaveras County, weather
• Calaveras County Superior Court

Coordinates: 38°13′N 120°33′W / 38.21°N 120.55°W