Chorioamnionitis

Chorioamnionitis

Micrograph showing chorioamnionitis. The clusters of blue dots are inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes). H&E stain.
Classification and external resources
Specialty pediatrics
ICD-10 O41.1, P02.7
ICD-9-CM 658.4, 762.7
DiseasesDB 31882
eMedicine ped/89
MeSH D002821

Chorioamnionitis also known as intra-amniotic infection (IAI)[1] is an inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) due to a bacterial infection. It typically results from bacteria ascending into the uterus from the vagina and is most often associated with prolonged labor. The risk of developing chorioamnionitis increases with each vaginal examination that is performed in the final month of pregnancy, including during labor.[3]

Background

The amniotic sac consists of two parts:

Diagnosis

Intermediate magnification micrograph of moderate chorioamnionitis. H&E stain.

Clinical

Chorioamnionitis is diagnosed clinically in the setting of Maternal fever (≥100.4° F) and at least two of the following: [2]

Exclusions:

Pathologic

Chorioamnionitis can be diagnosed from a histologic examination of the fetal membranes.

Infiltration of the chorionic plate by neutrophils is diagnostic of (mild) chorioamnionitis. More severe chorioamnionitis involves subamniotic tissue and may have fetal membrane necrosis and/or abscess formation.

Severe chorioamnionitis may be accompanied by vasculitis of the umbilical blood vessels (due to the fetus' inflammatory cells) and, if very severe, funisitis (inflammation of the umbilical cord's connective tissue).

Treatment

Antibiotic Treatment consists of:

Completion of treatment/cure is only considered after delivery of the infected products of conception.

[4]

Associations

Chorioamnionitis is a risk factor for periventricular leukomalacia and cerebral palsy.[5]

See also

Notes

  1. "Intra–Amniotic Infection". http://www.merckmanuals.com/. Retrieved 20 December 2014. External link in |website= (help)
  2. Elmar Peter Sakala, MD, MA, MPH, FACOG. Professor of GYNOB, Loma Linda University of medicine, California. Codirector of Student Clerkship. Dept of GYNOB
  3. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/intraamniotic-infection-chorioamnionitis
  4. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/intraamniotic-infection-chorioamnionitis
  5. Wu YW, Colford JM (2000). "Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor for cerebral palsy: A meta-analysis". JAMA 284 (11): 1417–24. doi:10.1001/jama.284.11.1417. PMID 10989405.

References

External links

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