Clan Cochrane
| Clan Cochrane | |
|---|---|
 Crest: A horse passant Argent | |
| Motto | Virtue Et Labore (By valour and exertion)[1] |
| Profile | |
| Region | Lowlands |
| District | Renfrewshire |
| Animal | Boar[2] |
| Chief | |
 | |
| The Rt. Hon. Iain Alexander Douglas Blair Cochrane | |
|
The 15th Earl of Dundonald, and 6th Marquess of Maranhão | |
| Seat | Lochnell Castle.[3] |
| Historic seat | Auchindoun Castle |
Clan Cochrane is a Lowland Scottish clan.[2]
History
Origins
Traditionally the original ancestor of the Clan Cochran(e) in Scotland was a Scandinavian Viking who settled in what is now known as Renfrewshire,[4] between the eighth and tenth centuries.[2] It is evident that the name is of territorial origin and that the Cochranes took the name of the lands in the ancient Barony of Cochrane. The origin of the name itself is believed to be derived from two Gaelic words which jointly mean The Roar of the Battle or Battle Cry.[2][4] The Cochranes took the boar as their heraldic beast, in keeping with the character of their traditional ancestor.[2] The three boar's heads adorning the chief's shield are said to represent the exploits of a warrior who killed three of the beasts who were terrorizing the countryside.[2]
Another traditional origin of the name Cochrane is that it comes from when an early member of the family fought in battle with such bravery that his leader singled him out from the others and clapped him on the shoulder calling him coch ran which means brave fellow.[2]
The Cochran(e)s do not appear on any written record until 1262 when the name of Waldenus de Coveran or Cochran <ref. 'Scot's Peerage')occurs on an ancient charter for a grant of land to Walter Stewart the Earl of Menteith.[4] This is the first certain record of the name.[2]
Other early bearers of the name are William de Coughran in 1296, who signed submission to King Edward the First in the Ragman Roll<Scot's Peerage and Chronicles of the Cochran by Ida Cochran Haughton p. 11>; and Robert de Cochrane in about 1360.[5] The name of 1296 appears in the Ragman Rolls swearing fealty to Edward I of England.[2]
14th, 15th and 16th centuries
In 1346 John de Coveran appears as a witness in the election of an Abbot of Paisley.[2] Goseline de Cochran appears as a witness to several grants made by Robert the Steward to Paisley Abbey in 1366.[2]
Thomas Cochrane (later to become an Earl of Mar (1458–79) constructed most of what is still standing of Auchindoun Castle. It was passed to the Clan Ogilvy in 1489 and from them to the Clan Gordon in 1535.
In 1456 Robert Cochrane of Cochrane resigned the lands of Cochrane to his successor Allen Cochrane who received a charter from King James II of Scotland. Edward Cochrane was accused but cleared of having anything to do with the detention of King James III of Scotland at Edinburgh Castle in 1482.[4]
In 1556 William Cochrane, chief of Clan Cochrane obtained a charter of confirmation for the lands of Cochrane from Mary, Queen of Scots.[4]
In 1584 chief William Cochrane, along with several others, was charged with being involved in the murder of Patrick Maxwell, but Cochrane was never brought to trial.[4]
In 1592 the Clan MacKintosh sacked Auchindoun Castle, which had been built by Clan Cochrane but which at the time belonged to the 6th Earl of Huntly, George Gordon, in retaliation for his killing of their ally, the Bonny Earl of Moray. Also in 1592 chief William Cochrane built a high free stone tower, known as Cochrane Tower or Cochrane Castle.[4]
17th century and Civil War
In about 1350 Robert II of Scotland had built Dundonald Castle in Ayrshire.[2] The castle came into Cochrane hands in about 1638 and it was from there that William Cochrane, 1st Earl of Dundonald took his title.[2]
During the Civil War of the 17th century the Clan Cochrane supported the royalist cause.[4] Throughout the war clansman Sir John Cochrane travelled extensively abroad as the king's representative.[4] The chief 'Lord Cochrane' fought in the royalist army at the Battle of Preston (1648).[4]
In 1669 the Cochrane chief's title was raised from a Lord to an Earl when Sir William Cochrane was created 1st Earl of Dundonald. After the death of the 7th Earl, the descendants of Sir William's second son became the Earls.[4]
18th century and Jacobite risings
During the Jacobite rising of 1745 the main part of Clan Cochrane supported the British government and in the government army under General Sir John Cope there were two Cochrane officers; Captain John Cochrane and Captain Basil Cochrane, both were clansmen related to the chief, Earl of Dundonald. Both were taken prisoner at the Battle of Prestonpans in 1745. However, on the Jacobite side William Cochrane of Ferguslie shared in the victory.[4] In October 1745 the seventh Earl of Dundonald had his horse shot from underneath him by Jacobites at the West Port, Edinburgh.[2]
Later throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the Cochranes distinguished themselves in both land and naval forces, and came to be nicknamed the "Fighting Cochranes."[4]
The Cochranes are known to have played an important role during the Napoleonic Wars. The most noteworthy of these fighting Cochranes was Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald (1775–1860) who joined the Royal Navy at the age of 18. The high point of his career was when a brig under his command with a crew of only fifty-four managed to capture a Spanish frigate with a crew of over three hundred sailors and 32 heavy guns. He followed this by defending Trinidad Castle against the French in 1808.[4] He later became the commander of Chile's navy and assisted that country, along with Peru, Brazil and Greece, to become independent. He was known as Lord Cochrane. He is buried at Westminster Abbey in Westminster, London.[4]
20th century
The father of the present chief, who was the fourteenth Earl served with the Black Watch, then during World War Two, he served in North Africa, Sicily, Italy and Greece. When the war ended, he served with the War Office and in Germany until he retired in 1953. Sir Ralph Cochrane the youngest son of Thomas Cochrane, 1st Baron Cochrane of Cults, was a British pilot and Royal Air Force officer, perhaps best known for his role in Operation Chastise–the famous "Dambusters" raid.
Clan Chief
The chief of the Name and Arms of Cochrane is Iain Alexander Douglas Blair Cochrane, 15th Earl of Dundonald, 10th Baron Cochrane of Dundonald as well as 10th Baron of Paisley and Ochiltree. He is also the 5th Marquess of Maranhão in Brazil.[6]
Clan Castles
Castles that have belonged to the Cochranes have included:
- Cochrane Castle.[4]
- Auchindoun Castle.
- Johnstone Castle.
see also Dundonald Castle.
See also
References
- ↑ Clan Cochrane Profile scotclans.com. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 106 - 107.
- ↑ clanchiefs.org
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Cochrane, Alexander. (1983). The Fighting Cochranes. A Scottish Clan With Over Six Hundred Years of Naval and Military History. ISBN 0-907621-19-8.
- ↑ Reaney, Percy Hilde; Wilson, Richard Middlewood (1991). A Dictionary of English Surnames (PDF) (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. p. 695. ISBN 0-203-99355-1.
- ↑ "Dundonald, Chief of Cochrane". Burke's Peerage and Gentry (burkes-peerage.net). Retrieved 15 February 2009.