Clan MacTavish

Clan MacTavish
MacTamhais, MacTavish, McTavish, Mac Tavish, Mactavish, MacTavis, M‘Tavish, Thomson, Thompson

Crest: boar’s head erased or langued gules" encircled by a strap and buckle (belt) bearing the motto "NON OBLITUS".
Motto NON OBLITUS.
War cry CRUACH MOR'
Profile
Region Highland
District Argyll
Pipe music "MacTavish Is Here"
Chief
Steven Edward Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry
Chief of the Name and Arms of MacTavish, the 27th Hereditary Chief from an unbroken line
Historic seat Castle of Dunardry

Clan MacTavish is an Ancient Highland Scottish clan.

History

Origins

Tavis, Tavis or Taus is considered, and accepted in multiple sources, as the progenitor, epytom and founder of Clan MacTavish. However, this is incorrect. The MacTavish consider themselves much older than the traditional stories of Argyllshire, promulgated by the old seannachies, and newer writers still insist upon the old stories, when none have looked beyond those traditional stories for any possible alternate origin. Such a beginning is found in the old Irish annals and the old writ, Ceart Ui Neill, out of Donegal, Ireland. The MacTavishes come from the Cenel nDuach a branch of the Cenel Conaill, descended from the Pictish Kings of Ros Guill and Irguill, now part of Donegal, and also from Dal-araidhe, now part of Antrim and Down. The Greek (Roman)historian, mapmaker and mathematician, Ptolemy, mentions the tribe under the name of Ouenniknoi (Windukatii), and the MacTavish lineage is tracable in such texts as the Irish Annuls of Ulster and Four Masters.

As the above text alludes, it is commonly held that Clan MacTavish descends from Taus (Tavis) Coir, son of Colin Mael Maith and a daughter of Suibhne Ruadh (Sween the Red of Castle Sween).[5] Nothing certain is known of Taus Coir other than he is listed in traditional genealogies.[6] The 17th century genealogy Ane Accompt of the Genealogie of the Campbells, randomly and inexplicably traces Colin Mael Maith back to the mythological King Arthur. Furthermore this record conveniently references Colin Mael Maith having one legitimate son and two illegitimate sons. The Accompt states the legitimate son as "Gillespic" or "Archibald", ancestor of Clan Campbell; and the two illegitimate sons are "Taius Coir" and "Iver", ancestors of the MacTavishes and Clan MacIver.

It can be difficult to find accurate information about the history of Clan MacTavish. This is a result of the clan being ancient and the fact that history is written or rewritten by those in power whom often must go to great lengths in order to establish or strengthen their position. It is all too common to find documentation like that of Alastair Campbell of Airds whom in 2000, wrote a more probable candidate for the ancestor of the clan, rather than the possibly mythological Taus Coir, is the historical Sir Thomas Cambel.[7] Earlier in the 1970s, W. D. H. Sellar was also of the same opinion about Thomas.[8] In 1292 his name is recorded on a list of landowners in the sheriffdom of Kintyre. In 1296 he signed the Ragman Roll as 'Thomas Cambel among king's tenants in Perthshire'. The next year he was released from his imprisonment in the Tower of London. In 1308 he signed his name on a letter to the King of France. He was possibly dead by 1324, when his probable son, Duncan, was granted lands in Argyl for services rendered. In 1355, Duncan is listed as among 'the Barons of Argyll' at an inquest in Inverleckan, under the name of "Duncanus MacThamais".[9] All the previous possibles and probables do not make the story historical.

A more probable solution to the question of MacTavish origin is found in the 2012 publication of the book, History of Clan MacTavish, containing over 150 years of MacTavish research.[10]

The ancient and unbroken chiefly line of MacTavishes are styled 'MacTavish of Dunardry' (the Gaelic Dun-ArdRigh means "fort or castle of the High King"). It is unknown who built the castle of Dunardry, or even when it was built. The castle is marked on a 1634 Timothy Pont map. By 1686 it must have been in the possession of the Earls of Argyll. It was renovated in 1704 by Duncan MacTavish, and according to the 19th-century historian G.D. Mathews, it was owned by the MacTavishes.[6] Today little of it exists as it was torn down to make way for the Crinan Canal venture, which also changed the size, shape and water level of Loch a'Bharain.Crinan Canal.[9] See: The West of Scotland Archaeology Service Report WoSAS Site ID: 4164 at http://www.wosas.net/wosas_site.php?id=4164

18th century and Jacobite uprisings

In 1715 the Jacobite cause saw its first failed attempt to place the Stuarts back on the throne of Scotland and England. During this time Chief Archibald MacTavish was sympathetic to the Jacobite cause but took no action to support either the Government or the Jacobites.

Due to the fact that Dugald, the Younger, was imprisoned in September 1745 and that the Chief (Archibald) was quite elderly, during the 1745 Jacobite Rising, some of the MacTavishes fought within the ranks of their neighbor, MacIntosh.

On 16 April 1746 at the Battle of Culloden, the Jacobite army was defeated by a much larger force of the British government army (5000 fighting for Prince Charles and 9000 fighting for the government). On that day, the Jacobite army of Prince Charles lost the battle, and the fate of the Jacobite cause was sealed.

Highland Clearances

Unfortunately, in the immediate aftermath of Culloden, the Duke of Cumberland in his capacity as commander of the expedition to finally put down the up-till-then unbeaten rebels supposedly ordered no quarter to be given to any Highlanders in the vicinity, although seeing as there were in fact Highlanders in other areas who had supported his cause, some even going so far as to fight for the Hanoverian King far to the north in Sutherland at the Battle of Littleferry, perhaps it would be wise to surmise that what in fact resulted from this order, no matter what the wording might have been was the pacification of the rebel clans, not all Highlanders, albeit using methods which were considered extreme in their indiscriminate brutality even at the time. With the eventual pardon of most former Jacobites in the decades after Culloden, there occurred a co-option of the Highland chiefs into the British aristocracy regardless of their alignment in dynastic politics before Culloden. However, many Highland nobles in their efforts to emulate what were widely seen as the successes of enclosure, proto-industrialisation and the new, improved methods of agriculture of the Scottish Agricultural Revolution, applied these capitalist reforms in an uncaring, even callous manner. Indeed it would be fair to say that in many cases, upon hiring lawyers, Church of Scotland ministers, businessmen and other comparatively educated men as factors, Highland chiefs treated their clansmen very badly, often evicting them from the land they had farmed for generations and settling them on small plots of often poorly drained land or with thin, stony soil to make way for vast ranches full of new, superior breeds of sheep and cattle. The ranches themselves were generally let out to Lowland incomers who were familiar with the new techniques of selective breeding being developed at the time in Lowland and English farming. The factors were often educated economic advocates of economic and social reform full of new Scottish Enlightenment-inspired ideas for profit and improvement but lacking in sympathy for the poor, backward Highlanders. As a result of their advice and assistance to the landowner in his efforts to evict his tenants they were generally awarded generously, often partly in land.

Thus the clansmen and their families were forced to adopt the crofting system of agriculture, a form of subsistence farming. They were also put to work in various new industries by the landowners - the specific industry varied depending on the estate and area of the Highlands. For example, Highlanders were encouraged or forced to work in the kelp-harvest for use in the chemical industry or were employed as weavers in the burgeoning cottage industries of tweed and linen production or for example to take up fishing in part due to the bounty system then in place courtesy of the British government. In the case of Bonawe an iron furnace and associated local mining of haematite and production of charcoal were even established with help from an English company. All of these innovations in industry and the division of labour came at a great cost to many ordinary Highlanders in their involuntary transition from clansmen to crofters and industrial proletariat and in fact sometimes landowners forced their tenants off the estate altogether. As a result due to industrialisation in the then fast-growing cities and towns of the Central Belt and England and the consequent proliferation of paid employment there, many people left the Highlands to seek new lives in the industrial towns and cities. Increasingly, however, enlistment in the army (see Highland regiments) and emigration to the British Empire and the USA became the main outlet for the Highlands' prime working age population. In the early part of this period, before chattel slavery took hold in the sugar and tobacco colonies, some were so desperate that they even sold themselves as indentured labourers to plantation owners in the British colonies in the West Indies or colonial America. Gathering pace through the 19th century, in particular with the post-Napoleonic Wars economic depression, this period has become known as the Highland Clearances. Most of the processes involved were actively encouraged by successive British governments as an opportunity to integrate the historically lawless frontier region of the Highlands into the British political and economic system, while simultaneously Highlanders increasingly came to be seen as loyal British subjects and therefore prime candidates to be settlers of British colonies and thus Highland depopulation was harnessed to shore up the British Empire. At the time it was seen as the easiest solution to alleviate the poverty and overpopulation of parts of the Highlands. To their credit the MacTavish chiefs and their successors, still seated in Dunardarie with their clansmen, did not succumb to the pressures of the day and were not involved in the "clearing" of their own kin, and no MacTavishes were put off the lands.

After Culloden, a few of the MacTavish started to use the Thom(p)son spelling. The Chiefly line of MacTavish, however, retained the name MacTavish and remained seated at Dunardry. Parish registers and family groups of gravestones in Argyll express the transition of the name from MacTavish to Thomson or Thompson.

Sale of Dunardry

Dugald's son and heir, Lachlan MacTavish, succeeded his father in 1775. On 5 November 1785, the Estate of Dunardry was advertised for sale by public auction in December[11] after Lachlan had fallen into financial trouble, partly due to judgement debts against him. At least two decisions by the Court of Session in Edinburgh arose from his father’s lead role in failing to account for, and to properly execute, the estate of Duncan Campbell of Kilduskland who had died in 1766.[12] A "considerable sum" (£400 Sterling plus interest) was due to Elizabeth MacDonald of Largie,[13] Kilduskland’s niece, and £2,000 including interest to Ronald Campbell, Kilduskland’s nephew, by 1780.[14] Lachlan’s portion of these two debts alone amounted to four times the annual income from the Dunardry lands (£392) as stated in the advertisement of 1785.[15] Lachlan, his wife and son Dugald, who was three years old, moved to Edinburgh where Lachlan was installed as Governor of Taxes for the Crown, living at St. James' Court.

In 1797, three years after work was started on the Crinan Canal, which subsequently divided the estate, Dunardry was purchased by Simon McTavish of Montreal, from Stratherrick, Invernesshire. Simon McTavish was born of the Garthbeg branch of the family and at this time was probably the richest man in Canada. Some Stratherrick McTavishes were considered a sept of Clan Fraser.[16] Lachlan's son John George McTavish soon became a fur trader with the North West Company under Simon's patronage.

20th century

Back in the 18th century Lachlan's son, Dugald, under age in 1796, did not register the MacTavish arms; and as a grown man, with his duties as the Sheriff Substitute of Kintyre he obviously did not feel inclined to do so, as he was, already, legally known as MacTavish of Dunardry. He died without having re-registered the Arms. Unfortunately, this carried on with his son William MacTavish who had moved to the "wilds" of Canada. William also declined to register the Arms. It is nominally suggested by Lord Lyon that at least every other generation re-register the Chiefly Arms, to avoid dormancy of the Clan. As a result of William not matriculating for the arms, the Chiefly line was "lost" until 1949, when the Lord Lyon, Sir Thomas Innes of Learney, contacted the MacTavish family in Canada, advising them that they were the long-lost Chiefly line, inviting them to petition for the Arms and Chiefship of the Clan.

Revival

Clan MacTavish modern red tartan, as published in 1906 in W & A K Johnston's "Tartans of the Clans & Septs of Scotland".

Clan MacTavish experienced a dormancy of 200 years when Lachlan MacTavish was the last Chief to register at that time. The dormancy ended in 1997 when Edward Stewart Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry matriculated. His son, Steven Edward Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry is the current Chief of Clan MacTavish.

William's great grandson, Edward Stewart Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry, was matriculated by the Court of the Lord Lyon 23 July 1997 and granted the Arms and Title of Chief of the Clan MacTavish of Dunardry, and was the 26th Chief of the Clan in an unbroken line. He died on 19 June 2005 at his home in Vancouver, BC. He is succeeded by his son and heir, the 27th Chief, Steven Edward Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry, a member of the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs.

Clan profile

Chief

The current chief of Clan MacTavish is Steven Edward Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry, Chief of the Name and Arms of MacTavish.[17] He is the 27th Hereditary Chief of Clan MacTavish from an unbroken line. He assumed leadership of the clan upon the death of his father, Edward Stewart Dugald MacTavish, the 26th Chief.[18]

Origin of the name

The clan name MacTavish is an Anglicised form of the Gaelic Mac Tamhais, which translates to Thomson or Thom(p)son in English.[19] This name is a patronymic form of the Scots personal name Tammas, which in turn is a form of the name Thomas.

The Gaelic name Mac Tamhais is pronounced similarly to 'MacTavis' or 'MacTavish' (the "mh" in Gaelic pronounced as the "v" in the English word "very"). In old charters, the name had many variant spellings. Some spellings found within old charters, post-Culloden parish registers, and in The Commons Argyll appear as MacAvis, MacCamis, McCawis,McKavis, McKnavis, M'Ash, MacAnish, mcTais, MacTavifh and mcThavish, to give but a few. It seems that from near the end of 17th century, the spellings, MacTavish and/or Thom(p)son or Thomas were the most common. Variations in surname spelling within one document are often seen for the same person.[20]

Clan Symbols

The crest badge suitable for members of Clan MacTavish contains the crest and motto of the clan chief. The crest is blazoned a boar's head erased or langued proper.[21] The motto is NON OBLITUS,[22] which translates from Latin as "not forgetful".[23] The MacTavish family name was wrongfully claimed by Clan Campbell, during the 200 year period where the chiefly line was "lost", until 1997 when the "Chief of the Clan MacTavish" was recognized by the Lord Lyon. The motto is a response to the Campbell chief's NE OBLIVISCARIS (which translates from Latin as "do not forget").[23] The phrase "Clan MacTavish", the crest badge and the Chief's coat of arms have all been trademarked in both Canada and the United States. The serial numbers for the existing trademarks are: Clan MacTavish 78847088 Crest Badge 78847258 Coat of Arms 78849931

Chiefly Arms

In 1793, John Hooke-Campbell Lord Lyon King of Arms granted the following coat of arms to Lachlan MacTavish of Dunardry: Quarterly, 1st and 4th a Gyronny of eight Sable and Or; 2nd and 3rd, Argent, a buck's head cabossed Gules attired Or on a chief engrailed Azure a cross crosslet fitchèe between two mullets Or. Crest a boar's head erased Or langued Gules. Motto: NON OBLITUS. The arms display in the first and fourth quarters the gyronny prominent in Campbell heraldry reversed for difference. The second and third quarters are a differenced version of the arms of Thompson of that Ilk.[24]

In 2002 the Lord Lyon King of Arms re-granted Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry arms with certain amendments. Lord Lyon switched the Campbell gyronny from the first and fourth quarters to the second and third quarters. The new arms are blazoned Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Argent, a Buck's Head cabossed Gules attired Or on a Chief engrailed Azure a cross crosslet fitchèe between two mullets of the First; 2nd and 3rd, Gyronny of eight Sable and Or. Above the Shield is placed a Helm befitting his degree with a Mantling Azure doubled Argent, and on a Wreath of the Liveries is set for Crest a boar's head erased Or langued Proper, and in an Escrol over the same this Motto "NON OBLITUS".[21]

The phrase "Clan MacTavish", the crest badge and the Chief's coat of arms have all been trademarked in both Canada and the United States. The serial numbers for the existing trademarks are: Clan MacTavish 78847088 Crest Badge 78847258 Coat of Arms 78849931

Septs

Names, variant names, and septs for Clan MacTavish include Cash, MacCash, MacCavish, MacLehose, MacSteaphain, MacTavish, MacThom, MacThomas, Stephen(son), Steven(son), Tais, Taws, Taweson, Thom, Thomas, Thomason, Thompson, Thomson, Tod(d) and all variant spellings.[25][26][27][28]

References

  1. ↑ "Clan MacTavish Official Website". clanmactavish.org. Retrieved 2012-10-17.
  2. ↑ "Clan MacTavish Connected Names or Septs". http://clanmactavish.org/history Official Clan MacTavish Seannachie Pages. Retrieved 2015-11-19. External link in |publisher= (help)
  3. ↑ Thompson, Patrick, Official Clan MacTavish Seanachie. "Examining the Origins of the ‘Sons of Thomas’, ‘Sons of Steven’ and the ‘Foxes or Todds’ of Argyll, and elsewhere" (pdf). http://www.clanmactavish.org/history. Retrieved 2015-11-19. line feed character in |title= at position 64 (help); External link in |work= (help)
  4. ↑ Thompson, Patrick, Official Clan MacTavish Seanachie. "The Clan MacTavish Surname Origin and Variant Spellings" (pdf). http://www.clanmactavish.org/history. Retrieved 2015-11-19. External link in |work= (help)
  5. ↑ "The Bloodline of the MacTavish Chiefs" (pdf). http://www.clanmactavish.org. Retrieved 13 May 2014. External link in |work= (help)
  6. 1 2 Mathews, G.D. Adams, Patricia, ed. "Argylshire" (pdf). www.clanmactavish.org. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  7. ↑ Campbell of Airds, Alastair (2000). A History of Clan Campbell; Volume 1, From Origins To The Battle Of Flodden. Edinburgh University Press. p. 46. ISBN 1-902930-17-7.
  8. ↑ "The Origins of the Campbells". Clan Campbell Society North America. Retrieved 14 April 2009.
  9. 1 2 Campbell of Airds, Alastair (2000). A History of Clan Campbell; Volume 1, From Origins To The Battle Of Flodden. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 243–244. ISBN 1-902930-17-7.
  10. ↑ Thompson, Patrick (2012). History Of Clan MacTavish. LCCN 2012942086.
  11. ↑ Edinburgh Evening Courant, 5 November 1785, advertisement of sale on 7 December 1785
  12. ↑ National Archives of Scotland, CS230.MC.3.3.1 MacDonald of Largie v Campbell & MacTavish British Library, BLL01015832985, Answers by MacDonald of Largie
  13. ↑ Argyll & Bute Archives, MacTavish of Dunardry papers, letter from Charles MacDonald to Lachlan MacTavish, 2 May 1777
  14. ↑ National Archives of Scotland, CS237.C.5.2.A. 1780
  15. ↑ The Edinburgh Evening Courant, 5 November 1785
  16. ↑ Alexander Mackenzie. 1896. History of the Frasers of Lovat, with Genealogies of the Principal Families of the Name, to which is added those of Dunballoch and Phopachy, Inverness: A. and W. Mackenzie, printed by The "Scottish Highlander" Office, pp. 697-699.
  17. ↑ Clan Chiefs
  18. ↑ http://www.burkespeerage.com/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=MACTAVISHOFDUNARDRY burkes peerage
  19. ↑ "McTavish Name Meaning and History". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 14 April 2008.
  20. ↑ "Names Found in Anglicized Irish Documents".
  21. 1 2 "Clan MacTavish Press Release, New Arms For MacTavish Chief". www.electricscotland.com. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
  22. ↑ "Chief or Representative - The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs". Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  23. 1 2 Campbell of Airds, Alastair (2000). A History of Clan Campbell; Volume 1, From Origins To The Battle Of Flodden. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 246–247. ISBN 1-902930-17-7.
  24. ↑ Campbell of Airds, Alastair (2004). A History of Clan Campbell; Volume 3, From The Restoration To The Present Day. Edinburgh University Press. p. 394. ISBN 0-7486-1790-6.
  25. ↑ Surnames of Scotland; by Professor George Black, 1866–1948, 12th Printing, 1999.
  26. ↑ The Clans, Septs and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands; by Frank Adams, 7th Edition revised by Sir Thomas Innes of Learney, Lord Lyon King of Arms
  27. ↑ "Clan MacTavish Family Names – Septs". http://www.clanmactavish.org. Retrieved 13 May 2014. External link in |work= (help)
  28. ↑ Patrick Thompson, Clan MacTavish Seanachie. "Clan MacTavish Connected Names or Septs". http://mysite.verizon.net/resrz8zf/clanmactavishseannachie. Retrieved 13 May 2014. External link in |work= (help)
  • A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants before the Confederation, Donald Whyte
  • Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages, Edward J. Cowan and R. Andrew MacDonald
  • Annals and Chronicles: (Ulster, Four Mastes, Tigernach, Inishfallen, Senchus fer nAlban, Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, Life of St. Columba, etc.) Translations of these records can be brought into your nearest public library through Inter-Library loan.
  • Chronicles of Mann and the Sudreys, from the Manuscript Codex in the British Museum with historical notes by P. A. Munch, Professor of History n the Royal University f Christiania, HON. F.R.A.S.S., Revised, annotated, and furnished with additional documents, and English translations of the Chronyca, and of the Latin Documents by the Right Rev. Dr. Goss.
  • Clans, Septs and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands, Frank Adams, revised by Sir Thomas Learney, Lord Lyon
  • Hebridean Sea Kings: The Successors of Somerled, 1164–1316, W. D. H. Sellar
  • Highlanders: A History of the Gaels, John MacLeod
  • Late Medieval Monumental Sculpture in the West Highlands, Bannerman, J W M & Steer, Wm, 1977,Edinburgh.
  • Rebels without a Cause. The Relations of Fergus of Galloway and Somerled of Argyll with the Scottish Kings, 1151–1164, R. Andrew McDonald
  • Scottish Surnames, Donald Whyte, 2000
  • Surnames of Scotland, Professor George Black, 12th Edition 1999

External links

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