Cross-country skiing at the 1988 Winter Paralympics
| Cross-country skiing at the IV Paralympic Winter Games | |
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Cross-country skiing at the 1988 Winter Paralympics consisted of 38 events, 23 for men and 15 for women.
Medal table
| Rank | Nation |  |
 |
 |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Norway (NOR) |
14 | 11 | 4 | 29 |
| 2 |  Finland (FIN) |
8 | 7 | 7 | 22 |
| 3 |  Canada (CAN) |
4 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| 4 |  Switzerland (SUI) |
3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| 5 |  West Germany (FRG) |
2 | 6 | 4 | 12 |
| 6 |  France (FRA) |
2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 7 |  Austria (AUT) |
1 | 3 | 4 | 8 |
| 8 |  Sweden (SWE) |
1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| 9 |  Poland (POL) |
1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 10 |  Italy (ITA) |
1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 11 |  United States (USA) |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 12 |  Spain (ESP) |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 13 |  Soviet Union (URS) |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Total | 38 | 36 | 34 | 108 | |
Medal summary
The competition events were:
- 2.5 km: - women
- 5 km: men - women
- 10 km: men - women
- 15 km: men
- 20 km: men
- 30 km: men
- 3x2.5 km relay: men
- 3x5 km relay: - women
- 4x5 km relay: men
- 4x10 km relay: men
Each event had separate standing, sitting, or visually impaired classifications:
- LW2 - standing: single leg amputation above the knee
- LW 3 - standing: double leg amputation below the knee, mild cerebral palsy, or equivalent impairment
- LW4 - standing: single leg amputation below the knee
- LW5/7 - standing: double arm amputation
- LW6/8 - standing: single arm amputation
- LW9 - standing: amputation or equivalent impairment of one arm and one leg
- Gr I - sitting: paraplegia with no or some upper abdominal function and no functional sitting balance
- Gr II - sitting: paraplegia with fair functional sitting balance
- B1 - visually impaired: no functional vision
- B2 - visually impaired: up to ca 3-5% functional vision
Men's events
| Event | Class | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 km - short distance | Grade I |
Heinz Frei Switzerland (SUI) |
Adolf Stuber West Germany (FRG) |
Guenther Lercher West Germany (FRG) |
| Grade II |
Knut Lundstroem Norway (NOR) |
Erik Sandbraaten Norway (NOR) |
Michael Weymann West Germany (FRG) | |
| LW2 |
Christoph Andres Switzerland (SUI) |
Pertti Sankilampi Finland (FIN) |
Samuli Kaemi Finland (FIN) | |
| LW3/9 |
Terje Gruer Norway (NOR) |
Miguel Angel Perez Tello Spain (ESP) |
Jan Kolodziej Poland (POL) | |
| LW4 |
Kalervo Pieksaemaeki Finland (FIN) |
Svein Lilleberg Norway (NOR) |
Svein Tore Fauskrud Norway (NOR) | |
| LW5/7 |
Pierre Delaval France (FRA) |
Marcin Kos Poland (POL) |
Pauli Moelsae Finland (FIN) | |
| 10 km - short distance | LW6/8 |
Kimmo Kettunen Finland (FIN) |
Jouko Grip Finland (FIN) |
Jean-Yves Arvier France (FRA) |
| 10 km - long distance | Grade I |
Terje Johansen Norway (NOR) |
Adolf Stuber West Germany (FRG) |
Heinz Frei Switzerland (SUI) |
| Grade II |
Knut Lundstroem Norway (NOR) |
Walter Widmer Switzerland (SUI) |
Erik Sandbraaten Norway (NOR) | |
| LW2 |
Christoph Andres Switzerland (SUI) |
Viggo Norseth Norway (NOR) |
Pertti Sankilampi Finland (FIN) | |
| LW3/9 |
Terje Gruer Norway (NOR) |
Miguel Angel Perez Tello Spain (ESP) |
Jan Kolodziej Poland (POL) | |
| 15 km - short distance | B1 |
Hans Anton Aalien Norway (NOR) |
Asmund Tveit Norway (NOR) |
Ake Pettersson Sweden (SWE) |
| B2 |
Frank Hoefle West Germany (FRG) |
Terje Loevaas Norway (NOR) |
Bertil Tegelund Sweden (SWE) | |
| B3 |
Robert Walsh United States (USA) |
Max Stalnacke Sweden (SWE) |
Paolo Lorenzini Italy (ITA) | |
| 15 km - long distance | LW4 |
Kalervo Pieksaemaeki Finland (FIN) |
Svein Lilleberg Norway (NOR) |
Svein Tore Fauskrud Norway (NOR) |
| LW5/7 |
Marcin Kos Poland (POL) |
Pierre Delaval France (FRA) |
Jerzy Szlezak Poland (POL) | |
| 20 km - long distance | LW6/8 |
Jean-Yves Arvier France (FRA) |
Jouko Grip Finland (FIN) |
Kimmo Kettunen Finland (FIN) |
| 30 km - long distance | B1 |
Ake Pettersson Sweden (SWE) |
Hans Anton Aalien Norway (NOR) |
Asmund Tveit Norway (NOR) |
| B2 |
Frank Hoefle West Germany (FRG) |
Terje Loevaas Norway (NOR) |
Ismo Alanko Finland (FIN) | |
| B3 |
Paolo Lorenzini Italy (ITA) |
Max Stalnacke Sweden (SWE) |
Joe Walsh United States (USA) | |
| 3x2.5 km relay | Grade I-II |
Norway (NOR) Terje Johansen Knut Lundstroem Erik Sandbraaten |
Switzerland (SUI) Walter Baertschi Heinz Frei Walter Widmer |
West Germany (FRG) Guenther Lercher Adolf Stuber Michael Weymann |
| 4x5 km relay | LW2-9 |
Norway (NOR) Svein Tore Fauskrud Terje Gruer Svein Lilleberg Viggo Norseth |
Finland (FIN) Jouko Grip Kimmo Kettunen Kalervo Pieksaemaeki Pertti Sankilampi |
West Germany (FRG) Roland Gaess Martin Haag Wolfgang Mahler Reinhold Schwer |
| 4x10 km relay | B1-3 |
Norway (NOR) Hans Anton Aalien Arild Hovslien Terje Loevaas Asmund Tveit |
Sweden (SWE) Eskil Hoeglund Ake Pettersson Max Stalnacke Bertil Tegelund |
Italy (ITA) Paolo Lorenzini Riccardo Tomasini Hubert Tscholl Erich Walch |
Women's events
| Event | Class | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.5 km - short distance | Grade I |
Kirsti Hooeen Norway (NOR) |
Waltraud Hagenlocher West Germany (FRG) |
None |
| Grade II |
Ragnhild Myklebust Norway (NOR) |
Sylva Olsen Norway (NOR) |
Hildegard Fetz Austria (AUT) | |
| 5 km - short distance | B1 |
Veronika Preining Austria (AUT) |
Kirsti Pennanen Finland (FIN) |
Valentina Grigoryeva Soviet Union (URS) |
| B2 |
Sandra Lecour Canada (CAN) |
Renata Hoenisch Austria (AUT) |
Marian Susitz Austria (AUT) | |
| B3 |
Miia Ryynaenen Finland (FIN) |
Sissel Soerensen Norway (NOR) |
Tarja Hovinen Finland (FIN) | |
| LW3/4/9 |
Francine Lemire Canada (CAN) |
Anneliese Tenzler West Germany (FRG) |
Monika Waelti Switzerland (SUI) | |
| LW6/8 |
Tanja Tervonen Finland (FIN) |
None | None | |
| 5 km - long distance | Grade I |
Kirsti Hooeen Norway (NOR) |
Waltraud Hagenlocher West Germany (FRG) |
None |
| Grade II |
Ragnhild Myklebust Norway (NOR) |
Sylva Olsen Norway (NOR) |
Hildegard Fetz Austria (AUT) | |
| 10 km - long distance | B1 |
Kirsti Pennanen Finland (FIN) |
Veronika Preining Austria (AUT) |
Valentina Grigoryeva Soviet Union (URS) |
| B2 |
Sandra Lecour Canada (CAN) |
Kyllikki Luhtapuro Finland (FIN) |
Renata Hoenisch Austria (AUT) | |
| B3 |
Sissel Soerensen Norway (NOR) |
Tarja Hovinen Finland (FIN) |
Miia Ryynaenen Finland (FIN) | |
| LW3/4/9 |
Francine Lemire Canada (CAN) |
Anneliese Tenzler West Germany (FRG) |
Monika Waelti Switzerland (SUI) | |
| LW6/8 |
Tanja Tervonen Finland (FIN) |
None | None | |
| 3x5 km relay | B1-3 |
Finland (FIN) Tarja Hovinen Kirsti Pennanen Miia Ryynaenen |
Austria (AUT) Renata Hoenisch Veronika Preining Marian Susitz |
Canada (CAN) Sandra Lecour Tricia Lovegrove Kim Umback |
See also
References
- "IPC Historical Results Database". International Paralympic Committee (IPC). 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
- The information from the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) website is based on sources which does not present all information from earlier Paralympic Games (1960-1984), such as relay and team members. (Per nov.20, 2010)
- "Innsbruck 1988". paralympia.de. 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
- Historical Medallists : Vancouver 2010 Winter Paralympics, Official website of the 2010 Winter Paralympics
- Winter Sport Classification, Canadian Paralympic Committee
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