Death and state funeral of King Hussein

Death and state funeral of King Hussein
Date Death on 7 February 1999
Funeral on 8 February 1999
Location Amman, Jordan
Participants Bill Clinton, Boris Yeltsin, Benjamin Netanyahu, Yasser Arafat, Tony Blair, Hosni Mubarak, Hafez al-Assad and other foreign dignitaries.

The state funeral of King Hussein took place in Amman on 8 February 1999. He was pronounced dead on 7 February 1999 at 11:43 am. The funeral was the largest gathering of royalty and world leaders since 1995.

Illness

It was made public that King Hussein was diagnosed lymphatic cancer at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota in July 1998. Hussein's lymphoma was of a type that responded to chemotherapy, which the King had already begun and his physicians were optimistic he could be cured.

On his way back to Jordan in January 1999 after six months of treatment in the US, Hussein stopped in London.[1] Doctors advised him to rest and stay in England for a few weeks, as he was still too fragile to travel. According to Jordanian government sources, Hussein stated that:

“I need very much to feel the warmth of my people around me, there is work to be done and I will get the strength from my people to finish the business.“[2]

Upon returning to Jordan, Hussein was greeted by family members, ministers, parliament members, foreign dignitaries and a crowd of Jordanian citizens, estimated by Jordanian government officials of 2 million. King Hussein spent just six days in Jordan, before being rushed back to the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota on 25 January 1999, after a relapse. He abruptly returned for further treatment undergoing a failed bone marrow transplant.[3]

Death

Doctors at his US clinic said that the king suffered internal organ failure following an unsuccessful bone marrow transplant, "The king is in agony. He is being kept alive by artificial means. There is no more hope," an official told the Agence France-Presse news agency.

The king had returned home critically ill after the failure of his latest cancer treatment. Upon arrival he was immediately taken by helicopter to an intensive care unit at the King Hussein Medical Center, west of Amman. He was later reported to be in a coma and on a life support machine after his organs failed. Outside the King Hussein Medical Center, wails of grief rose up in a crowd of Jordanians who had maintained a vigil there since the king's return. Men wearing the Keffiyeh checkered headdresses favored by Jordanians wrapped their scarves across their faces in a sign of mourning.

The palace sources said King Hussein's family had decided not to switch off his life support machine, preferring to let him die naturally. Jordanian television said in a news bulletin on Friday night that King Hussein was still under intensive care. The TV announcers are wearing black and the station is broadcasting programmes about the king's life.

King Hussein’s heart stopped on 7 February 1999 at 11:43. Queen Noor and four of his five sons were at his side. His eldest son, Abdullah who was recently named Crown Prince on 24 January 1999, was called to the hospital and, after his arrival, the king was removed from the respirator and pronounced dead.[4]

The death of King Hussein was announced in the local Arabic TV by a presenter "Believing in God's will and with deep sorrow, the cabinet tells the Jordanian people and all our brothers in the Muslim world, and all our friends around the world, of the death of the dearest among men, His Hashemite Majesty, King Hussein Bin Talal the Great, king of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, dean of the House of the Prophet, whom God has chosen to be next to him and who passed to heaven at 11:43. The cabinet asks that God will be compassionate with His Majesty and that He will give him a place among those He loves. Verily we belong to God, and to God we return.

Throne succession

A few hours after Hussein's death was announced, Abdullah went before a hastily called session of the National Assembly. Wearing a traditional red-and-white-checked Keffiyeh, a stoic Abdullah strode into the chamber to subdued applause from senators and congressmen, some of whom wept. King Hussein's two siblings, Prince Hassan and ailing older brother Prince Mohammed, preceded Abdullah. The heir stood straight in front of a portrait of Hussein, hands tightly clenched at his sides in an at-attention salute that drew more applause. King Abdullah II then recited the oath his father took nearly five decades earlier; "I swear by Almighty God to uphold the constitution and be faithful to the nation".

Zaid al-Rifai, speaker of the House of Notables (Senate), opened the session with Al-Fatiha, a prayer for the dead. his voice cracked with emotion as he led the recitation. "God save his majesty," "God give him advice and take care of him."[5]

The funeral

The flag-draped coffin carrying the body of King Hussein accompanied by honor guard troops wearing Keffiyeh were taken on a 90-minute procession through the streets of the capital city of Amman. An estimated 800,000 Jordanians, many of them weeping, braved chilly winds to bid their leader farewell. Riot police were stationed along the nine-mile-long route to try to hold back the crowds who scrambled for a glimpse of the coffin.

Upon arrival at Raghadan Palace, the new king, Hussein's eldest son, Abdullah, and the royal princes formally received the coffin. Queen Noor stood in a doorway surrounded by other royal women dressed in mourning black with white scarves.

In a courtyard of Raghdan Palace, so many leaders and dignitaries flocked to Jordan to pay their last respects, Inside, where the late king lay in state, surrounded by four Circassian guards in lamb's wool hats and black coats, the dignitaries entered the room one by one to pause before his coffin, each according to his traditions. Bagpipes played as the casket was taken from the palace to a mosque on an artillery carriage. A riderless white stallion with a pair of empty boots reversed in its stirrups favored by the king trotted behind. Prayers at the mosque were attended only by Muslims, while many of the world leaders waited outside. At the royal cemetery beneath a green canopy, Hussein's body, dressed in a simple white shroud, was removed from the coffin and placed in a grave near those of King Hussein's father, Talal, and his grandfather, Abdullah I. The new king carefully laid his father's face to one side in rest and passages from the Quran were read. Finally trumpets sounded the Last Post and a military bugler played. Attending guards fired a salute. The new king kept a stern face, although relatives around him wept. Queen Noor watched from the gates of the cemetery as the king was buried.[6]

On the date of his death on 7 February 1999, King Hussein was the longest-serving executive head of state in the world.[7]

Dignitaries

Hundreds of dignitaries attended the funeral in the largest gathering of world leaders since the 1995 funeral of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.[8] President Bill Clinton and the former presidents George H. W. Bush, Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford represented the United States. Hamas was present with several representatives. The Czech president Václav Havel and the Russian president Boris Yeltsin, attended despite being unwell. United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan and his wife participated as well as the European Union’s Jacques Santer. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu led the Israeli delegation, including Chief Rabbi Yesrael Lau and a representative of the families of seven teenage girls killed by a Jordanian soldier in 1997. Egypt was represented by leading political figures, including president Hosni Mubarak and prime minister Kamal Ganzouri.

The funeral also brought together enemies, including the leader of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Nayef Hawatmeh, who approached the Israeli president Ezer Weizman, praised him as a man of peace and shook his hand. It was the first time that Syrian president Hafez al-Assad and Benjamin Netanyahu were together in same place, though they did not meet.[9]

Other dignitaries, included: Iraqi Vice-President Taha Marouf, King Albert II of Belgium, Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the Emir of Bahrain (who died less than a month later), Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa the Prime Minister of Bahrain, Ahmed Abdel Megid, Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales, William Hague, Tony Blair, Paddy Ashdown, Krishan Kant, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Shamir, Leah Rabin, Ariel Sharon, Ehud Barak, Yitzhak Mordechai, Efraim Halevy, Salah Tarif, Sheikh Mowafak Tarif, Yisrael Meir Lau, Taleb el-Sana, Abdulmalik Dehamshe, Ahmad Tibi, Liamine Zéroual, Thomas Klestil, Veselin Metodiev, Lloyd Axworthy, Haris Silajdžić, Glafcos Clerides, Ioannis Kasoulidis, Prince Consort Henrik of Denmark, Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Aga Khan IV, Jacques Chirac, Bernard Kouchner, Gerhard Schröder, Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, ex King Constantine II of Greece, Mary McAleese, Michael Woods, Jasim bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani the crown prince of Qatar, Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, Crown Prince Naruhito of Japan, Keizō Obuchi, Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah crown prince and prime minister of Kuwait, Michel Murr, Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg, Grand Duchess Joséphine Charlotte of Luxembourg, Jacques Poos, Guido de Marco, Hamed Karoui, Sultan Qaboos of Oman, Yusuf bin Alawi, Badr Al Busaidi, Farouk al-Sharaa, Abdul Halim Khaddam, Yaser Arafat, Mahmoud Abbas, Ahmed Qurei, Yasser Abed Rabbo, Khaled Mashal, Omar al-Bashir, Mustafa Osman, Ghazi Al Atabani, Lam Akol, Swar Al Dahab, Hans van den Broek, Igor Ivanov, Nawaz Sharif, Sartaj Aziz, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, Infante Felipe, The Prince of Asturias, Infanta Elena of Spain, Infanta Cristina of Spain, Ali Saleh, James Wolfensohn, King Mohammed VI of Morocco, Ben Gilman, David Bonior, Ted Stevens, Patrick Leahy, Sandy Berger, Dennis Ross, Thomas Pickering, Martin Indyk, Najeeb Halaby, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Süleyman Demirel, İsmail Cem, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum the crown prince of Dubai, Mohammad bin Zayed, Abdullah bin Zayed, Mohammed Bin Kharbash, Wim Kok, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, Crown Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, Crown Princess Marie-Chantal of Greece, Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark, Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden, Bronisław Geremek, Emil Constantinescu, Andrei Pleşu, Adolf Ogi, Momir Bulatović, Kim Jong-pil, Mangosuthu Buthelezi, Al-Saadi Gaddafi, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, Queen Anak Saleha of Brunei, Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah of Brunei, Prince Regent Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, Prince Saud Al-Faisal, Abdul-Aziz bin Abdullah, Ibrahim Al-Assaf, Ermias Sahle Selassie, King Harald V of Norway, Jason Hu, Vartan Oskanian, Goh Chok Tong, Abdulsalami Abubakar, Cheikh El Avia, Taiwan (ROC) Foreign Minister Jason Hu, and Jackie Stewart.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] [23]

International grief

Tributes

United Nations General Assembly

The UN General Assembly held an Emergency Special Session in "Tribute to the Memory of His Majesty the King of Jordan" on the same day.[45]

Tenth Emergency Special Session
11th plenary meeting
Monday, 8 February 1999, 3.30 p.m.
New York

Didier Opertti (Uruguay) - President

Roland Kpotsra (Togo)

On behalf of the group of African states

Mabilangan (Philippines)

On behalf of the Group of Asian States

Danilo Türk (Slovenia)

On behalf of the Group of Eastern European

Gert Rosenthal (Guatemala)

On behalf of the Latin American and Caribbean Group

Robert Fowler (Canada)

On behalf of the Group of Western European and Other States

Mohammad Samhan (UAE)

On behalf of the Arab Group

Peter Burleigh (USA)

Dore Gold (Israel)

Nabil el-Araby (Egypt)

Sergey Lavrov (Russia)

Nasser al-Qudwa (Palestine)

Hasan Abu-Nimah (Jordan)

References

  1. "King to address Jordanians tonight ahead of Tuesday return". Jordanembassyus.org. 1999-01-16. Retrieved 2010-07-01.
  2. Mideastnews.com; 8 February 1999
  3. "Highlights of King Hussein's life". CNN. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  4. BBC News 6 February 1999 (World: Middle East King Hussein's family at bedside)
  5. Los Angeles Times 8 February 1999 (Jordan Mourns King as Leaders Gather at Funeral)
  6. PBS 8 February 1999 (King Abdullah II)
  7. King Abdullah official website (The Hashemites).
  8. Phil Ponce (February 5, 1999). "Online NewsHour: King Abdullah -- February 8, 1999". pbs.org. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
  9. Prehistoric Europe: theory and practice (Andrew Jones)
  10. PBS (Inheriting the Kingdom)
  11. Gadsden Times 8 February 1999 (world's leaders mourn King Hussein)
  12. BBC 8 February 1999 (King Hussein laid to rest)
  13. The New York Times 9 February 1999 (DEATH OF A KING: THE OVERVIEW; Jordan's Hussein Laid to Rest as World Leaders Mourn)
  14. Los Angeles Times 8 February 1999 (Jordan Mourns King as Leaders Gather at Funeral)
  15. LA Times 8 February 1999(Leaders Gather in Jordan)
  16. The Independent 8 February 1999(The death of King Hussein: World Who's Who At Funeral)
  17. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (Press Conference by the Press Secretary 12 February, 1999)
  18. Crown Council of Ethiopia 8Feb1999ary
  19. Royal News 8 February 1999
  20. Hurriyet Daily News 10 February 1999 (Even at his funeral, King Hussein did it again)
  21. The Economist 13 February 1999 (Some fine mourning.(burial of Jordan's King Hussein was peaceful)
  22. Arabic News 9 February 1999 (Hawatmeh tells the story of his meeting with Weizman)
  23. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Taiwan+defense+minister+secretly+visits+Jordan.-a054388574
  24. Chicago Tribune 8 February 1999 (In A Stormy Region, Jordan Mourns Loss Of Beloved Anchor)
  25. The Tribune (India) 9 February 1999 (Jordan bids tearful adieu to King)
  26. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs February 7, 1999 (Special Cabinet Communique - Death of King Hussein)
  27. RTE News 7 February 1999 (King Hussein of Jordan dies)
  28. Al-Ahram Daily Egypt 8 February 1999 (Algeria mourns Hussein-Arabic)
  29. 1 2 BBC 7 February 1999 (World: Middle East Region's grief for 'brother')
  30. BBC 8 February 1999 (World: Middle East The world pays tribute)
  31. Kuwait News Agency 7 February 1999 (Oman mourns King Hussein)
  32. 1 2 Al-Ahram Daily 8 February 1999 (Issue 40971)
  33. Albayan Daily 9 February 1999 (Numerous meetings on the sidelines of the funeral)-Ar
  34. 1 2 3 BBC news 7Feb1999 (King Hussein dies)
  35. Ismaili Net 8Feb1999 (PRESS RELEASE : AGA KHAN AND FAMILY TO ATTEND KING HUSSEIN'S FUNERAL)
  36. BBC News 8Feb1999 (The world pays tribute)
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 The Independent 8Feb1999 (The death of King Hussein: `You could feel the greatness in him')
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 BBC News 8Feb1999 (UK Blair joins leaders for Hussein funeral)
  39. Cyprus News Agency 8Feb1999
  40. 1 2 CBS News (A Rare Kind of Courage)
  41. 1 2 3 8Feb1999 The Greek Embassy, New York
  42. The Baltimore Sun 8Feb1999 (The Mideast without Hussein)
  43. allbusiness (Israel to issue King Hussein Memorial Medal)
  44. King Hussein of Jordan Medal
  45. "U.N. Tribute to the Memory of His Majesty King Hussein Ibn Talal of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. 8 February 1999". Unispal.un.org. Retrieved 2010-07-01.

External links

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