Demographics of Botswana

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Botswana, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Botswana, Data of FAO, year 2008; Number of inhabitants in thousands.
Motswana house

Botswana, like many nations in southern Africa, suffers from a high HIV infection rate, estimated among adults ages 15 to 49 to be 24.8%.[1]

Population

Census results

Botswana Population and Housing Census
YearPop.±% p.a.
1904 120,776    
1911 124,350+0.42%
1921 152,983+2.09%
1936 265,756+3.75%
1946 296,310+1.09%
1956 309,175+0.43%
1964 549,510+7.45%
1971 596,994+1.19%
1981 941,027+4.66%
1991 1,326,796+3.50%
2001 1,680,863+2.39%
2011 2,024,787+1.88%
[2][3][4]

Bechuanaland Protectorate

The seven censuses of Botswana before its independence happened irregularly. Due to the Anglo-Boer War, the first census of Bechuanaland Protectorate, originally set to occur in 1901, took place on 17 April 1904.[2] The 1931 census was postponed to 1936 because of the Great Depression.[2] The early censuses were unreliable and took several years to tabulate; the results were outdated by the time they were calculated.

Post-independence

There have been five censuses after the independence of Botswana, each occurring every ten years in the year ending in 1 (i.e. 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, and 2011). The 1971 census was the first census in Botswana to use de facto enumeration; this method counts people based on how many people spent census night at a specific location. Previously, the citizens were counted based on their usual place of residence. The 2001 census was the first census in Botswana to comply with the SADC 2000 Census Project, the guidelines of which unify the demographic statistics in southern Africa. The most recent census was the 2011 Botswana Population and Housing Census, which occurred in August 2011.

UN estimates

According to the 2010 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 2,007,000 in 2010, compared to only 413,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 32.6%, 63.4% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 4% was 65 years or older.[5]

Total population (x 1000) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 41340.954.84.4
1955 47042.453.44.2
1960 52445.650.44.0
1965 59648.448.23.5
1970 69347.948.93.2
1975 82247.150.12.8
1980 99646.551.02.5
1985 1 18346.351.22.4
1990 1 38244.852.62.6
1995 1 58641.655.72.7
2000 1 75837.959.03.0
2005 1 87634.961.63.5
2010 2 00732.663.44.0

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Botswana not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [5]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950–1955 21 000 8 000 12 00047.018.828.26.50135
1955–1960 23 000 9 000 15 00047.317.329.96.58124
1960–1965 26 000 9 000 17 00046.615.631.06.65113
1965–1970 30 000 9 000 21 00046.114.032.16.70104
1970–1975 34 000 9 000 25 00045.512.033.46.5590
1975–1980 41 000 9 000 32 00045.09.935.16.3775
1980–1985 46 000 9 000 37 00042.58.434.15.9763
1985–1990 48 000 9 000 39 00037.27.030.25.1154
1990–1995 48 000 11 000 37 00032.27.225.04.3251
1995–2000 48 000 18 000 30 00028.611.017.73.7061
2000–2005 46 000 27 000 19 00025.514.910.63.1859
2005–2010 47 000 25 000 23 00024.212.611.62.9041
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Births and deaths [6]

Year Population Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
2012 40 856 12 270 28 586

Source: Vital Statistics Report 2012.

Ethnic groups

Tswana 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, Kgalagadi 3%, White African 3%, other 1%

Languages

Main article: Languages of Botswana
Tswana 78.2%, Ikalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)

Religions

Main article: Religion in Botswana
Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, Islam 0.3%, Buddhist 0.1%, none 20.6% (2001 census)

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the 2011 CIA World Factbook.

Median age

total: 22.3 years
male: 22.2 years
female: 22.4 years (2011 est.)

Net migration rate

5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into Botswana and South Africa in search of better economic opportunities.

Urbanization

Urban population: 60% of total population (2008)
Rate of urbanization: 2.5% annual rate of change (2005–10 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Total population: 60.93 years
Male: 61.12 years
Female: 60.75 years (2010 est.)

HIV/AIDS

Main article: HIV/AIDS in Botswana
Adult prevalence rate: 23.9% (2007 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 300,000 (2007 est.)
Deaths due to AIDS: 11,000 (2007 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Vectorborne disease: malaria (2009)

Nationality

Noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 81.2%
Male: 80.4%
Female: 81.8% (2007 est.)

Education expenditure

8.7% of total GDP (2007)

References

  1. "HIV & Aids in Botswana". AVERT International HIV & Aids Charity. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 "History". Central Statistics Office. Archived from the original on 20 July 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  3. "TABLE 1: 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001 CENSUS DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS; BOTSWANA". Gaborone: Central Statistics Office. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  4. "The Population of Towns, Villages and Associated Localities". 2011 Population and Housing Census. Gaborone: Statistics Botswana. June 2012. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  5. 1 2 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
  6. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm

 This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2009 edition".

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