Demographics of Swaziland

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Swaziland, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Swazi people dancing in a cultural village show.

The majority of Swaziland's population is ethnic Swazi, mixed with a small number of Zulus and white Africans, predominantly of British and Afrikaner origin. This population also includes a small segment within it that is mixed with any number of these ancestries.

Traditionally Swazis have been subsistence farmers and herders, but most now work in the growing urban formal economy and in government. Some Swazis work in the mines in South Africa. Swaziland also received Portuguese settlers and black refugees from Mozambique. Christianity in Swaziland is sometimes mixed with traditional beliefs and practices. Most Swazis ascribe a special spiritual role to the Swazi Royal Family.

The country's official languages are Siswati (a language related to Zulu) and English. Government and commercial business is conducted mainly in English. Asians, Afrikaners, Portuguese, and black Mozambicans speak their own languages.

Population

Demographics of Swaziland, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

Swaziland's population is 1,419,623 according to the 2014 estimate from the CIA Factbook. The 2007 Census put the nation's population at 912,229. This number is lower than the 1997 Census, which gave 929,718 residents. The small difference is believed to be the result of massive emigration of Swazis to South Africa in search of work.[1]

According to the 2010 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 1 186 000 in 2010, compared to only 273 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 38.4%, 58.2% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.4% was 65 years or older .[2]

Total population (x 1000) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 27343.054.32.7
1955 30744.2532.8
1960 34945.2522.8
1965 39246.351.02.7
1970 44647.250.12.7
1975 51748.049.32.7
1980 60348.848.52.7
1985 70648.948.32.8
1990 86348.149.22.7
1995 96447.649.62.8
2000 1 06444.652.43.0
2005 1 10541.8553.2
2010 1 18638.458.23.4

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Swaziland not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [2]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955 14 000 7 000 7 00048.122.625.56.70174
1955-1960 16 000 7 000 9 00047.620.826.86.70160
1960-1965 18 000 7 000 10 00047.919.628.26.75150
1965-1970 20 000 8 000 13 00049.018.530.46.85141
1970-1975 24 000 8 000 16 00049.316.432.96.87124
1975-1980 27 000 8 000 19 00048.514.234.26.73108
1980-1985 31 000 8 000 23 00047.712.035.76.5490
1985-1990 36 000 8 000 28 00046.110.335.86.1377
1990-1995 36 000 9 000 28 00039.99.430.45.3069
1995-2000 35 000 12 000 22 00034.111.922.14.4980
2000-2005 34 000 17 000 17 00031.815.716.14.0187
2005-2010 34 000 17 000 17 00030.114.915.23.5776
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[3]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1986 6,4
1991 5,6
1997 4,5
1999-2002 4,2
2006-2007 31,1 3,8 (2,1) 31,9 3,0 (1,8) 31,0 4,2 (2,2)

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

1,419,623 (July 2014 est.),[4]
note: Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.

Median age

total: 20.5 years male: 20.2 years female: 20.9 years (2012 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.), 1.03 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003, 2000 est.)
15-64 years: 0.99 (2003 est.), 0.93 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
65 years and over: 0.78 (2003 est.), 0.7 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
total population: 0.99 (2003 est.), 0.95 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Population growth rate

1.195% (2012 est.)

Birth rate

26.16 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Death rate

14.21 deaths/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Net migration rate

0 migrants/1,000 population (2010)

Urbanization

urban population: 21% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Maternal mortality rate

320 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Infant mortality rate

total: 59.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 63.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 55.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population:

49.06 years (2012 est.)
47.85 years (2010 est.)
33.22 (2005 est.)
39.47 (2003 est.)

Total fertility rate

3.03 children born/woman (2012 est.)

Health expenditures

6.3% of GDP (2009)

Physicians density

0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2004)

Hospital bed density

2.1 beds/1,000 population (2006)

HIV/AIDS

- adult prevalence rate 25.9% (2009 est.) [5]

people living with HIV/AIDS 180,000 (2009 est.) [5]

deaths 7,000 (2009 est.)[4]

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid :fever
vectorborne disease: malaria
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Nationality

noun: Swazi(s) adjective: Swazi

Ethnic groups

Black 97%, White 3% [6]

Religions

Christianity 57%, Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%, other faiths (Muslim, Bahá'í) 3% (see Religion in Swaziland)

Languages

English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 81.6% (2003 est.), 76.7% (1995 est.)
male: 82.6% (2003 est.), 78% (1995 est.)
female: 80.8% (2003 est.), 75.6% (1995 est.)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Nolen, Stephanie (2009-04-03). "Where have all the Swazis gone?". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved 2015-12-26.
  2. 1 2 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
  3. ↑ http://www.safaids.net/files/Swaziland%20Demographic%20and%20Health%20Survey%202006-2007.pdf
  4. 1 2 The World Factbook: Swaziland, CIA
  5. 1 2 Swaziland statistics: HIV prevalence rate 2007 ages 15-49, UNICEF
  6. ↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wz.html
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