Demographics of Rwanda

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Rwanda, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Rwanda's population density, even after the 1994 genocide, is among the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa at 230 inhabitants per square kilometre (600/sq mi). This country has few villages, and nearly every family lives in a self-contained compound on a hillside. The urban concentrations are grouped around administrative centers.

Over half of the adult population is literate, but no more than 5% have received secondary education.

Ethnic groups

Further information: Ethnic groups in Rwanda

The indigenous population consists of three ethnic groups. The Hutus, who comprise the majority of the population (85%), are farmers of Bantu origin. The Tutsis (14% before the Genocide, probably less than 10% now) are a pastoral people who arrived in the area in the 15th century. Until 1959, they formed the dominant caste under a feudal system based on cattleholding.

The Twa (pygmies) (1%) are thought to be the remnants of the earliest settlers of the region.

Population

A graph showing Rwanda's total population, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

According to the 2010 revison of the World Population Prospects the total population was 10 624 000 in 2010, compared to only 2 072 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 42.6%, 54.7% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.7% was 65 years or older .[1]

Total population (in thousands)) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 2,07245.152.32.6
1955 2,38646.350.82.9
1960 2,77148.149.12.8
1965 3,22147.849.52.7
1970 3,74947.849.72.5
1975 4,39047.749.92.4
1980 5,17948.149.72.2
1985 6,08148.949.12.0
1990 7,11049.148.72.2
1995 5,57048.449.32.3
2000 8,09845.452.02.6
2005 9,20242.455.02.7
2010 10,62442.654.72.7

Structure of the population [2]

Structure of the population (01.07.2012) (Estimates, Data refer to national projections) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 5 342 112 5 691 029 11 033 141 100
0-4 973 447 957 104 1 930 551 17,50
5-9 770 292 763 709 1 534 001 13,90
10-14 608 836 621 378 1 230 213 11,15
15-19 552 629 568 101 1 120 730 10,16
20-24 525 485 550 486 1 075 971 9,75
25-29 508 839 540 872 1 049 712 9,51
30-34 366 700 416 072 782 772 7,09
35-39 241 362 291 340 532 702 4,83
40-44 197 005 228 728 425 733 3,86
45-49 165 096 193 402 358 499 3,25
50-54 153 080 180 759 333 839 3,03
55-59 107 200 132 234 239 433 2,17
60-64 71 924 92 299 164 223 1,49
65-69 38 125 58 585 96 710 0,88
70-74 29 285 46 236 75 521 0,68
75-79 17 736 27 557 45 293 0,41
80+ 15 071 22 178 37 239 0,34
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 2 352 575 2 342 191 4 694 766 42,55
15-64 2 889 320 3 194 282 6 083 602 55,14
65+ 100 217 154 556 254 773 2,31

Structure of the population (DHS 2013) (Males 9 546, Females 10 726 = 20 272) :

Age Group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0-4 16,2 14,5 15,3
5-9 15,2 13,5 14,3
10-14 14,0 12,6 13,3
15-19 10,3 9,9 10,1
20-24 8,2 9,0 8,6
25-29 8,3 8,3 8,3
30-34 7,2 7,3 7,3
35-39 4,4 4,9 4,7
40-44 3,5 4,3 4,0
45-49 3,1 3,6 3,3
50-54 3,1 3,4 3,3
55-59 2,1 2,3 2,2
60-64 1,7 2,1 1,9
65-69 1,0 1,5 1,3
70-74 0.6 1,1 0,9
75-79 0,5 0,6 0,6
80+ 0,6 0,9 0,8
Age group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0-14 45,4 40,6 42,9
15-64 51,9 55,3 53,5
65+ 2,7 4,1 3,6

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Rwanda not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [1]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955 118 000 55 000 63 00052.924.728.18.00160
1955-1960 137 000 60 000 77 00053.323.429.98.15152
1960-1965 155 000 65 000 90 00051.921.930.08.15143
1965-1970 178 000 72 000 106 00051.020.730.38.10137
1970-1975 211 000 82 000 128 00051.820.331.58.20134
1975-1980 250 000 92 000 158 00052.319.333.08.25132
1980-1985 294 000 92 000 202 00052.216.335.98.25124
1985-1990 326 000 123 000 203 00049.418.730.77.80120
1990-1995 258 000 263 000- 5 00040.741.5-0.86.30128
1995-2000 278 000 136 000 142 00040.719.920.86.00118
2000-2005 344 000 125 000 219 00039.814.425.45.60108
2005-2010 404 000 122 000 281 00040.712.328.45.43100
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Births and deaths [3]

Year Population Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
2012 404 067 139 499 264 568

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[4]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1992 40,0 6,23 (4,2) 38,0 4,51 (3,3) 41,0 6,33 (4,3)
2000 5,8 (4,7) 5,2 (4,1) 5,9 (4,8)
2005 43,2 6,1 (4,6) 39,8 4,9 (3,6) 43,8 6,3 (4,8)
2007-2008 39,2 5,5 (3,7) 37,4 4,7 (3,3) 39,6 5,7 (3,8)
2010 34,4 4,6 (3,1) 30,6 3,4 (2,6) 35,0 4,8 (3,2)
2014-2015 32,6 4,2 34,3 3,6 32,3 4,3

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

11,457,801
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS. This disease can result in lower life expectancy, population, and growth rates; higher infant mortality and death rates; and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2011 est.)

Population growth rate

2.792% (2011 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 47.3 years
male: 46.26 years
female: 48.38 years (2006 est.)

Nationality

noun: Rwandan(s)/Rwandese
adjective: Rwandan/Rwandese

Ethnic groups

Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15%

Religions

Roman Catholic 56.9%, Protestant 26.0%, Seventh-day Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7% (National Census of 2002) (See Religion in Rwanda)

Languages

Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular), English (official), French (official), Swahili (used in commercial centres).

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 70.4%
male: 76.3%
female: 64.7% (2003 est.)

References

  1. 1 2 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
  2. ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
  3. ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/serATab3.pdf
  4. ↑ http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=13&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=
  5. ↑ http://www.intute.ac.uk/worldguide/html/1003_people.html
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