Doraemon

This article is about the media franchise. For the title character, see Doraemon (character).
Doraemon

D1 cover
ドラえもん
Genre Comedy, Science fiction
Manga
Written by Fujiko F. Fujio
Published by Shogakukan
English publisher Fujiko Pro (North America)
Shogakukan (Singapore)
Demographic Children
Magazine (various Shogakukan's kids magazines)
Original run December 1969 – 1996
Volumes 45
Anime television series
Doraemon
Network Nippon TV
Original run April 1, 1973 – September 30, 1973
Episodes 26 (52 segments, 2 segments per episode)
Anime television series
Doraemon
Directed by Tsutomu Shibayama
Music by Shunsuke Kikuchi
Studio Shin-Ei Animation
Network TV Asahi
Original run April 2, 1979 – March 18, 2005
Episodes 1787
Anime television series
Doraemon
Directed by Kozo Kusuba
Music by Kan Sawada
Studio Shin-Ei Animation
Network TV Asahi
English network
Disney XD (2014-2015)
Original run April 15, 2005 – present
Episodes 368
Related works

Doraemon (Japanese: ドラえもん) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by the manga writing team Fujiko Fujio. The series has also been adapted into a successful anime series and media franchise. The story revolves around a robotic cat named Doraemon, who travels back in time from the 22nd century to aid a pre-teen boy named Nobita Nobi (野比のび太 Nobi Nobita).

The Doraemon manga series was first published in December 1969 in six different magazines. A total of 1,345 stories were created in the original series, which are published by Shogakukan under the Tentōmushi (てんとう虫) manga brand, extending to forty-five volumes. The volumes are collected in the Takaoka Central Library in Toyama, Japan, where Fujiko Fujio was born. Turner Broadcasting System bought the rights to the Doraemon anime series in the mid-1980s for a United States English-language release,[1] but canceled it without explanation before broadcasting any episodes. In July 2013 it was announced that the manga would be released digitally in English via the Amazon Kindle e-book service. It is one of the best-selling manga in the world, having sold over 100 million copies.

Awards for Doraemon include the Japan Cartoonists Association Award for excellence in 1973, the first Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga in 1982, and the first Osamu Tezuka Culture Award in 1997. In March 2008 Japan's Foreign Ministry appointed Doraemon as the nation's first "anime ambassador." Ministry spokesman explained the novel decision as an attempt to help people in other countries understand Japanese anime better and to deepen their interest in Japanese culture."[2] The Foreign Ministry action confirms that Doraemon has come to be considered a Japanese cultural icon. In India, its Hindi, Telugu, Tamil translation has been telecasted, where the anime version is the highest-rated kids' show; it won the best Kids' Show award at the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India.[3] In 2002 the anime character was acclaimed as an "Asian Hero" in a special feature survey conducted by Time Asia magazine. An edited English dub distributed by TV Asahi aired on Disney XD in the United States that started on July 7, 2014. On August 17, 2015, the series began broadcast by Boomerang UK. The film series is the largest by number of admissions in Japan.

Name

The name "Doraemon" can be roughly translated to "stray." "Dora" derives from "dora neko" (brazen or stray cat, どら猫), and is a corruption of nora (stray). "Emon" 衛門、右衛門 is an archaic component of male given names like Goemon. "Dora" is not derived (directly) from dora 銅鑼, meaning gong, but rather a pun on that and the fact that Doraemon loves dorayaki. The name "Doraemon" (ドラえもん) is stylized as an unusual mixture of Katakana (ドラ 'dora') and Hiragana (えもん 'emon').

Plot

The first appearance of Doraemon, who came via the time machine.

Doraemon is sent back in time by a young boy named Sewashi Nobi to improve the circumstances of his great-great-grandfather, Nobita, so that his descendants may enjoy a better future. In the original timeline, Nobita experienced nothing but misery and misfortune manifested in the form of very poor grades and bullying throughout his life. This culminates in the burning down of a future business he sets up which leaves his family line beset with financial problems. In order to alter history and better the Nobi family's fortunes, Sewashi initially wanted to send a super-robot to protect Nobita, but with his meager allowance he could only afford an imperfectly-made factory-rejected toy: an anthropomorphic robot cat called Doraemon.

Doraemon has a pocket from which he produces toys, medicines, and tools from the future, all of which are referred to as 'gadgets' by Doraemon. Some of the gadgets are based on real Japanese household devices with fanciful twists, but most are completely science fiction. Thousands of gadgets have been featured in the series with such as the "bamboo-copter", a small head accessory that allows flight and the "Anywhere Door", a door that opens up to any place the user wishes.

Nobita's closest friend is Shizuka Minamoto, who also serves as his romantic interest. Nobita is usually tormented by the bully Takeshi Goda, nicknamed "Gian", and the cunning and arrogant Suneo Honekawa. A typical story consists of Doraemon using one of his gadgets in order to assist Nobita in various ways, often causing more trouble than he was trying to solve.

Media

Manga

In December 1969 the Doraemon manga appeared in six different children's monthly magazines published by Shogakukan. The magazines were aimed at children from nursery school to fourth grade. In 1977 CoroCoro Comic was launched as the flagship magazine of Doraemon.[4]

Since the debut of Doraemon in 1969, the stories have been selectively collected into forty-five books published from 1974 to 1996. Shogakukan published a master works collection consisting of Twenty volumes between July 24, 2009 and September 25, 2012.[5][6]

In addition, Doraemon has appeared in a variety of manga series by Shōgakukan. In 2005 Shōgakukan published a series of five more manga volumes under the title Doraemon+ (Doraemon Plus), which were not found in the forty-five Tentōmushi pipi volumes. On December 1, 2014, a sixth volume of Doraemon Plus was published. This was the first volume for eight years.[7]

Ten volumes of the series were available in a bi-lingual edition by Shogakukan English Comics.[8]

In July 2013, Fujiko Fujio Productions announced that they would be collaborating with ebook publisher Voyager Japan and localization company AltJapan Co., Ltd. to release an English language version of the Doraemon manga in full-color digitally via the Amazon Kindle platform in North America.[9] Shogakukan released the first volume in November 2013.[10] This English version incorporates a variety of changes to character names; Nobita is "Noby", Shizuka is "Sue", Suneo is "Sneech", and Gian is "Big G", while dorayaki is "Yummy Bun/Fudgy Pudgy Pie."[11]

Shogakukan started digital distribution of all forty-five volumes Doraemon manga throughout Japan from July 16, 2015.[12]

Anime

Television series

After a brief and unpopular animated series in 1973 by Nippon Television, Doraemon remained fairly exclusive in manga form until 1979 when a newly formed animation studio, Shin-Ei Animation (Now owned by TV Asahi) produced an anime series of Doraemon.[13] This series became incredibly popular, and ended with 1,787 episodes on March 25, 2005.

Celebrating the anniversary of the franchise, a new Doraemon series began airing on TV Asahi on April 15, 2005 with new voice actors and staff, and updated character designs.[14]

On May 12, 2014, TV Asahi Corporation announced an agreement with The Walt Disney Company to bring the 2005 series to the Disney XD television channel in the United States beginning in the summer of that year.[15][16][17] Besides using the name changes that were used in AltJapan's English adaptation of the original manga, other changes and edits have also been made to make the show more relatable to an American audience, such as Japanese text being replaced with English text on certain objects like signs and graded papers, and items such as yen notes being replaced by US dollar bills.[18] Confirmed cast member of the new American adaptation include veteran anime voice actress Mona Marshall of South Park fame in the title role of Doraemon and Johnny Yong Bosch of Power Rangers and Bleach fame as Noby. The English dub is produced by Bang Zoom! Entertainment.[19] Initial response to the edited dub was positive.[20]

The series began broadcast in the United Kingdom on Boomerang from August 17, 2015.[21] The Disney adaptation began broadcast in Japan on Disney Channel from February 1, 2016. The broadcast offered the choice of the English voice track or a newly recorded Japanese track by the US cast.[22]

Feature films

Further information: List of Doraemon films

In 1980, Toho released the first of a series of annual feature length animated films based on the lengthy special volumes published annually. Unlike the anime and manga (some based on the stories in select volumes), they are more action-adventure oriented and have more of a shōnen demographic, taking the familiar characters of Doraemon and placing them in a variety of exotic and perilous settings. Nobita and his friends have visited the age of the dinosaurs, the far reaches of the galaxy, the heart of darkest Africa (where they encountered a race of sentient bipedal dogs), the depths of the ocean, and a world of magic. Some of the films are based on legends such as Atlantis, and on literary works including Journey to the West and Arabian Nights. Some films also have serious themes, especially on environmental topics and the use of technology. Overall, the films have a somewhat darker tone in their stories, unlike the manga and anime.

Video games

For more details on this topic, see List of Doraemon video games.

There are a total of 63 Japanese-only video games ranging from platformer games to RPG games, which began with the Emerson's Arcadia 2001 system. Doraemon can also be seen in Namco's popular Taiko no Tatsujin rhythm game series like Taiko no Tatsujin (11 – 14 only), Metcha! Taiko no Tatsujin DS: Nanatsu no Shima no Daibouken, Taiko no Tatsujin Wii, Taiko no Tatsujin Plus, and Taiko no Tatsujin DS: Dororon! Yokai Daikessen!!. The Chinese version of Microsoft's 3D Movie Maker contained a Doraemon-themed expansion pack.

Musical

Doraemon the Musical: Nobita and the Animal Planet (舞台版ドラえもん のび太とアニマル惑星(プラネット)｣。 Butaiban Doraemon: Nobita to Animaru Puranetto) was a 2008 musical based on the 1990 anime film of the same name.[23] It debuted at Tokyo Metropolitan Art Space on September 4, 2008 running through September 14.[24] Wasabi Mizuta voiced Doraemon.

Reception

More than 100 million copies of the manga have been sold.[25]

Doraemon was awarded the first Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga in 1982. In 1997, it was awarded the first Osamu Tezuka Culture Award.[26] In 2008, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs appointed Doraemon as the first anime cultural ambassador.[27][28][29]

On 22 April 2002, on the special issue of Asian Hero in Time magazine, Doraemon was selected as one of the 22 Asian Heroes. Being the only anime character selected, Doraemon was described as "The Cuddliest Hero in Asia".[30] In 2005, the Taiwan Society of New York selected Doraemon as a culturally significant work of Japanese otaku pop-culture in its exhibit Little Boy: The Arts of Japan's Exploding Subculture, curated by renowned artist Takashi Murakami.

Jason Thompson praised the "silly situations" and "old fashioned, simple artwork", with Doraemon's expression and comments adding to the "surrounding elementary-school mischief".[8]

On September 3, 2012, Doraemon was granted official residence in the city of Kawasaki, one hundred years before he was born.[31]

With the 2013 film, Doraemon: Nobita no Himitsu Dōgu Museum, Doraemon has surpassed Godzilla in terms of overall ticket sales for a film franchise as Toho's most lucrative movie property. The 33 year series (1980-2013) has sold a combined 100 million tickets vs. the 50 year Godzilla series (1954-2004), which sold a combined 99 million tickets.[32] It also became the largest franchise by numbers of admissions in Japan.[33]

Legacy

Shuttle bus featuring Doraemon to Fujiko.F.Fujio Museum in Kawasaki

A Fujiko F Fujio museum opened in Kawasaki on September 3, 2011, featuring Doraemon as the star of the museum.[34][35]

As one of the oldest, continuously running icons, Doraemon is a recognizable character in this contemporary generation. Nobita, the show's protagonist, is a break from other characters typically portrayed as special or extraordinary, and this portrayal has been seen as reasons of its appeal as well as the contrary: especially in the United States.[36]

ESP Guitars have made several Doraemon guitars aimed at children.[37][38]

In late 2011, Shogakukan and Toyota joined forces to create a series of live-action commercials as part of Toyota's ReBorn ad campaign. The commercials depict the characters nearly 20 years older. Hollywood actor Jean Reno plays Doraemon.[39]

Doraemon has become a prevalent part of popular culture in Japan. Newspapers also regularly make references to Doraemon and his pocket as something with the ability to satisfy all wishes. The series is frequently referenced in other series such as Gin Tama and Great Teacher Onizuka.[40][41]

Doraemon appears in appeals for charity. TV Asahi launched the Doraemon Fund charity fund to raise money for natural disasters.[42]

Doraemon, Nobita, and the other characters also appear in various educational manga.[43][44]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Fujiko F. Fujio Museum". Japan Reference. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  2. ↑ "Doraemon named 'anime ambassador'," Japan Today. March 15, 2008.
  3. ↑ Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India
  4. ↑ S. Yada, Jason. The Rough Guide to Manga. Rough Guides. pp. 114–115. ISBN 978-1-85828-561-0.
  5. ↑ "藤子・Ｆ・不二雄大全集　ドラえもん　１". Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  6. ↑ "藤子・Ｆ・不二雄大全集　ドラえもん　２０". Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  7. ↑ "1st Doraemon Manga Volume in 8 Years Ships in December". Anime News Network. November 15, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  8. 1 2 Thompson, Jason. Manga:The Complete Guide. Del Rey Books. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-0-345-48590-8.
  9. ↑ "Classic Kids' Manga Doraemon Coming to N. America Digitally". Anime News Network. July 28, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  10. ↑ "DORAEMON Vol.1 [Kindle Edition]". Amazon.com. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  11. ↑ "English version of 'Doraemon' to enter North American market". Asahi Shimbun. November 23, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  12. ↑ Chapman, Paul (16 July 2015). ""Doraemon" Begins Digital Distribution in Japan". Crunchyroll. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  13. ↑ Schilling, Mark (1997). The Encyclopedia of Japanese Pop Culture. New York: Weatherhill. p. 39.
  14. ↑ "The all-new “Doraemon” premieres on TV Asahi with an hour-long special and more". The Japan Times. 10 April 2005. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  15. ↑ Hongo, Jun (9 May 2014). "Japanese Anime Star Doraemon Finally Makes U.S. Debut". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  16. ↑ Kagawa, Marcie (25 June 2014). "Doraemon hitting U.S. airwaves this summer". The Japan Times. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  17. ↑ "Doraemon plans to make US debut this summer". Nikkey Shimbun. 9 May 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  18. ↑ "Doraemon Anime's Visual & Script Changes for U.S. TV Detailed". Anime News Network. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  19. ↑ http://licensing14.mapyourshow.com/5_0/exhibitor_details.cfm?exhid=12699&CFID=36365735&CFTOKEN=aec74be628e68047-E8748238-C778-32EC-687CB555182920BF
  20. ↑ Kagawa, Marcie (9 July 2014). "Doraemon charms U.S. viewers in first remake for a foreign market". The Japan Times. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  21. ↑ "Doraemon to Debut on British Cable and Satellite". Anime News Network. August 11, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
  22. ↑ "Disney XD's Doraemon Adaptation to Run in Japan With Bilingual Tracks". Anime News Network. January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
  23. ↑ Event information, News about the musical
  24. ↑ "Events Calendar". Tokyo Metropolitan Art Space. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  25. ↑ "ドラえもん（TVアニメ）" (in Japanese). Shogakukan Production. Retrieved 2013-11-28.
  26. ↑ 第1回 マンガ大賞 藤子・Ｆ・不二雄 　『ドラえもん』（小学館）. Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved July 18, 2010.
  27. ↑ McCurry, Justin (20 March 2008). "Japan enlists cartoon cat as ambassador". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  28. ↑ ドラえもん、初の「アニメ文化大使」に任命". (March 15, 2008) AFPBB News. Retrieved February 11, 2010.
  29. ↑ (Japanese)Shingo, Takaoka . "Secret power of Otaku culture Spirits". The WASEDA Guardian. Retrieved February 11, 2010.
  30. ↑ Iyer, Pico (April 29, 2002). "The Cuddliest Hero in Asia". Time Asia. Archived from the original on February 17, 2010. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
  31. ↑ "Doraemon becomes official resident of Kawasaki a century before his birth". Japan Times. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  32. ↑ Sekiguchi, Toko (March 26, 2013). "Godzilla Loses Top Spot to Kittybot Doraemon". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
  33. ↑ Gavin J. Blair (April 6, 2015). "Japan Box Office: 'Doraemon' Anime Still All-Conquering". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  34. ↑ "Anime star Doraemon to have own museum". The Independent (London). 29 August 2011.
  35. ↑ "Doraemon museum opens its doors". The Japan Times. 4 September 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  36. ↑ TETSUO IWAMOTO, Asahi Staff Writer (2012-09-03). "Happy birthday! Doraemon will be born 100 years from today". Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  37. ↑ "ESP X Doraemon". ESP Guitars. Archived from the original on September 3, 2013.
  38. ↑ "ESP X Doraemon". ESP Guitars. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  39. ↑ "Jean Reno Goes to Olympics as Doraemon in New Live-Action Ad – News". Anime News Network. 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2013-01-31.
  40. ↑ McNulty, Amy (May 21, 2015). "Gintama Episode 272". Anime News Network. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
  41. ↑ Santos, Carlos (September 23, 2012). "GTO: 14 Days in Shonan GN 4". Anime News Network. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
  42. ↑ "Doraemon Fund". TV Asahi. Archived from the original on January 11, 2004.
  43. ↑ Gravett, Paul. Manga:Sixty years of Japanese Comics. Laurence King Publishing. ISBN 1-85669-391-0.
  44. ↑ "Shogakukan Publishes Doraemon Earthquake Survival Guide". Anime News Network. June 22, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2014.

External links

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