Dorzolamide

Dorzolamide

Systematic (IUPAC) name
(4S,6S)-2-ethylamino-4-methyl-5,5-dioxo- 5λ^6,7-dithiabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-8,10-diene-8-sulfonamide
Clinical data
Trade names	Trusopt
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a602022
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Topical (eye drops)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	~33%
Biological half-life	4 months
Identifiers
CAS Number	130693-82-2 120279-96-1
ATC code	S01EC03 (WHO)
PubChem	CID 5284549
IUPHAR/BPS	6810
DrugBank	DB00869
ChemSpider	4447604
UNII	9JDX055TW1
KEGG	D07871
ChEBI	CHEBI:4702
ChEMBL	CHEMBL218490
Chemical data
Formula	C10H16N2O4S3
Molar mass	324.443 g/mol
SMILES CCNC1CC(C)S(=O)(=O)c2sc(cc12)S(=O)(=O)N
InChI InChI=1S/C10H16N2O4S3/c1-3-12-8-4-6(2)18(13,14)10-7(8)5-9(17-10)19(11,15)16/h5-6,8,12H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,11,15,16)/t6-,8-/m0/s1 Key:IAVUPMFITXYVAF-XPUUQOCRSA-N
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Dorzolamide (trade name Trusopt) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is an anti-glaucoma agent, and acts by decreasing the production of aqueous humour.^[1] It is administered as a topical ophthalmic in the form of a 2% solution.^[2]

History

This drug, developed by Merck, was the first drug in human therapy (market introduction 1995) which resulted from structure-based drug design. It was developed to circumvent the systemic side effects of acetazolamide which has to be taken orally.^[2]

Uses

Dorzolamide hydrochloride is used to lower increased intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Pharmacodynamics

It lowers IOP by about 20%.^[2]

Side effects

Ocular stinging, burning, itching and bitter taste.^[2] it causes shallowing of the anterior chamber and leads to transient myopia.

References

1. Dorzolamide at Drugs.com. Revised: 12/2011
2. KD Tripari MD. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology (5 ed.). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers(P) Ltd. p. 88. ISBN 81-8061-187-6.

Further reading

• Kubinyi H (1999). "Chance favors the prepared mind--from serendipity to rational drug design". J Recept Signal Transduct Res 19 (1–4): 15–39. doi:10.3109/10799899909036635. PMID 10071748.
• Plummer C, MacKay E, Gelatt K (2006). "Comparison of the effects of topical administration of a fixed combination of dorzolamide-timolol to monotherapy with timolol or dorzolamide on IOP, pupil size, and heart rate in glaucomatous dogs". Vet Ophthalmol 9 (4): 245–9. doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00469.x. PMID 16771760.
• Grover S, Apushkin M, Fishman G (2006). "Topical dorzolamide for the treatment of cystoid macular edema in patients with retinitis pigmentosa". Am J Ophthalmol 141 (5): 850–8. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2005.12.030. PMID 16546110.
• Almeida G, Faria e Souza S (2006). "Effect of topical dorzolamide on rabbit central corneal thickness". Braz J Med Biol Res 39 (2): 277–81. doi:10.1590/S0100-879X2006000200015. PMID 16470316.