Elections in the Republic of China

Taiwan

This article is part of a series on the politics and government of the Republic of China
Constitution Constitution
Executive President (list) Ma Ying-jeou Vice President (list) Wu Den-yih Executive Yuan Premier (list) Mao Chi-kuo Vice Premier (List) Chang San-cheng
Legislature Legislative Yuan President Members
Elections Elections Presidential: 2012, 2016 Legislative: 2012, 2016 Local: 2010, 2014 Referendums
Judiciary Judicial Yuan Supreme Court
Administrative divisions Provinces: Fujian, Taiwan Special municipality County Provincial city County-controlled city District Township Village
Other government branches Control Yuan Examination Yuan

Elections in the Republic of China are the election process to choose public officials, such as the president and head of state of the Republic of China, and also the Legislative Yuan of the Government of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan only by the citizens of the ROC under the principles of universal suffrage, democracy and the rule of law prescribed through the Constitution of the Republic of China, enacted in 1947.^[1] The ROC is a multi-party state, but there are only a few major parties organized under two political platforms, which are the Pan-Blue Coalition and the Pan-Green Coalition.^[2]

History

Since 1949 when the ROC government moved to Taiwan from Mainland China due to military victories by the Russian-supported Maoist Chinese Communist Party revolution that had begun in 1927 before World War II, the ROC elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people. Prior to 2007, the Legislative Yuan (Lifa Yuan 立法院) had 225 members, 168 members elected for a three-year terms in multi-seat constituencies, 8 members representing the aboriginals, 41 members elected by proportional representation and 8 members representing the overseas Chinese elected by proportional representation. Amid 70% public support, the Legislative Yuan voted 217–1 on August 23, 2004, for a package of amendments to:

halve the number of seats from 225 to 113
switch to a single-member district parallel voting electoral system
increase the terms of members from 3 to 4 years, to synchronize the legislative and presidential elections. (It is unclear whether this will be implemented for the next presidential and legislative elections with small parties opposing the move, because it would reduce their chances of getting better results)

The new electoral system will include 73 plurality seats (one for each electoral district), 6 seats for Taiwanese aboriginals, with the remaining 34 seats to be filled from party lists. Every county has a minimum of one electoral district, thereby guaranteed at least one seat in the legislature, while party lists for the proportionally represented seats must be half women. Members for the 34 member lists seats shall be elected from lists of those political parties in proportion to the number of votes which each party won during the legislative election cycle that exceeded at least 5 percent of the total vote across the full Free Area of the Republic of China (中華民國自由地區). Administratively government is then divided into five branches (the five Yuan, that include): the Executive Yuan (presidential executive cabinet; led by office of premier, serving the national president as head of state), the 113-member Legislative Yuan, the Judicial Yuan, the Control Yuan (audit agency), and the Examination Yuan (civil service examination agency).

Types of election

Central elections

President and Vice President
Legislators

Local elections

Municipal Mayors
Municipal Councilors
County Magistrates and City Mayors
County Councilors and City Councilors
Township Chiefs
Township Councilors
Village Chiefs^[3]

Schedule

Election

Position	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Type	Legislative Yuan (January) Presidential (March)	None	Local (November)	None	Legislative Yuan (January) Presidential (March)	None	Local (November)
President and Vice President	President and Vice President	None			President and Vice President	None
Legislative Yuan	All seats	None			All seats	None
Provinces, cities and municipalities	None		All positions	None			All positions

Inauguration

Position	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Type	Legislative Yuan (February) Presidential (May)	None	Local (December)	None	Legislative Yuan (February) Presidential (May)	None	Local (December)
President and Vice President	20 May	None			20 May	None
Legislative Yuan	1 February	None			1 February	None
Provinces, cities and municipalities	None		25 December	None			25 December

List of elections

**Summary of the 14 January 2012 Legislative Yuan election results**
Parties (alliances)		constituency + Aboriginal		Party block		Votes	%	Total seats
Parties (alliances)		Seats	±	Seats	±	Votes	%	Before	After	±
	Kuomintang	48	13	16	4	5,863,379	44.55	81	64	17
	People First Party	1	0	2	2	722,089	5.49	1	3	2
	Non-Partisan Solidarity Union	2	1	0	0	148,105	1.12	3	2	1
	New Party	0	0	0	0	195,960	1.49	0	0	0
	Pan-Blue coalition	51	14	18	2	7,503,517	51.48	85	69	16
	Democratic Progressive Party	27	14	13	1	4,556,526	34.62	27	40	13
	Taiwan Solidarity Union	0	0	3	3	1,178,896	8.96	0	3	3
	Pan-Green coalition	27	14	16	2	5,735,422	43.56	27	43	16
	Independents	1	0	0	0	2,528	0.02	1	1	0
Total		79	0	34	0	13,241,467	100%	113	113	0
Source: Central Election Commission

2008 Legislative election

Main article: Republic of China legislative election, 2008

Summary of the Republic of China Legislative Yuan elections, 2008^[1]
Parties		Constituency and Aboriginal				Party list			Total seats
Parties		Votes	%	+/−^[2]	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Outgoing	%	Incoming	%	+/−^[2]
	Kuomintang registration	5,291,512	53.5	+20.7	61	5,010,801	51.2	20	90	40.0	81	71.7	+31.7
	Kuomintang				54			17	85		71
	People First Party co-nomination^[3]				5			3	-		8
	New Party endorsement^[4]				2			-	5		2
	Non-Partisan Solidarity Union^[5]	239,317	2.4	-1.2	3	68,527	0.7	0	8	3.6	3	2.7	-0.9
	People First Party^[3]	28,254	0.3	-13.3	1	-	-	-	20	8.9	1	0.9	-8.0
	New Party^[4]	-	-	(-0.1)	-	386,660	4.0	0	-	-	0	0	-
	Pan-Blue coalition^[6]	5,559,083	56.2	+5.7	65	5,465,988	55.9	20	118	52.4	85	75.2	+22.8
	Democratic Progressive Party	3,775,352	38.2	+2.5	13	3,610,106	36.9	14	90	40.0	27	23.9	-16.1
	Taiwan Solidarity Union	93,840	0.9	-6.9	0	344,887	3.5	0	7	3.1	0	0	-3.1
	Taiwan Constitution Association	3,926	<0.1		0	30,315	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Pan-Green coalition	3,863,118	39.1	-4.4	13	3,954,993	40.7	14	97	43.1	27	23.9	-19.2
	Home Party	6,355	<0.1		0	77,870	0.8	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Green Party Taiwan	14,767	0.1		0	58,473	0.6	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Taiwan Farmers' Party	8,681	<0.1		0	57,144	0.6	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Civil Party	6,562	<0.1		0	48,192	0.5	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Third Society Party	10,057	0.1		0	45,594	0.5	0	1	0.4	0	0	-0.4
	Hakka Party	8,860	<0.1		0	42,004	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Independents^[6]	393,346	4.0	-1.9	1	-	-	-	1	0.4	1	0.9	+0.5
	Vacant	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	3.6	-	-	-
	Total^[7]	10,050,619	-	-	-	10,076,239	-	-	225	100	113	100	-

2005 National Assembly election

Main article: Republic of China National Assembly election, 2005

**Summary of the 14 May 2005 Republic of China National Assembly election results**
Parties	Votes	Percentage (%)	Seats
Parties in favor of the amendments			249
Democratic Progressive Party	1,647,791	42.52	127
Kuomintang	1,508,384	38.92	117
___ Chinese People's Party	41,940	1.08	3
___ Peasant Party	15,516	0.40	1
___ Civil Party	8,609	0.22	1
Parties not in favor of the amendments			51
Taiwan Solidarity Union	273,147	7.05	21
People First Party	236,716	6.11	18
___ 150 persons union led by Jhang Ya Jhong	65,081	1.68	5
New Party	34,253	0.88	3
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union	25,162	0.65	2
Taiwan Independence Party	11,500	0.30	1
___ 20 persons union led by Wang Ting Sing	7,499	0.19	1
Total (turnout )			300

Referendums in the Republic of China

Main article: Referendums in Taiwan

Party elections

References

External links

Elections and referendums in Taiwan

Presidential elections	1954 1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016

National Assembly elections	1969 1972 1980 1986 1991 1996 2005

Legislative elections	1969 1972 1975 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2008 2012 2016

Municipal and provincial elections	1936 1940 1946 1951 1954 1957 1960 1963 1968 1969 1972 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018

Local elections	1935 1939 1950 1954 1957 1960 1964 1968 1972 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009 2014 2018

Referendums	2004 2008 (Jan) 2008 (Mar)

See also: Elections in the Republic of China (1912–49)

Politics of the Republic of China
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