Republic of China legislative election, 2008
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The 7th Legislative elections were held on January 12, 2008 in Taiwan. The results gave the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Pan-Blue Coalition a supermajority (86 of the 113 seats) in the legislature, handing a heavy defeat to then-President Chen Shui-bian's Democratic Progressive Party, which won the remaining 27 seats only. The junior partner in the Pan-Green Coalition, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, won no seats.
These elections elected the first set of legislators to serve a longer four-year term in the Legislative Yuan, after an amendment in the Constitution of the Republic of China in 2005, which intended to synchronize the legislative and presidential elections and reduce the size of the Legislative Yuan by half (see Republic of China National Assembly election, 2005). Two transitional justice referendums, both of which failed to pass due to low turnout, were held at the same time.
Legislature reform
For the first time in the history of the Republic of China, most members of the Legislative Yuan were to be elected from single-member districts: 73 of the 113 members were chosen in such districts by the plurality voting system (first-past-the-post). Parallel to the single member constituencies, 34 seats under an Additional Member System were elected in one national district by party-list proportional representation. For these seats, only political parties whose votes exceed a five percent threshold were eligible for the allocation. Six further seats were reserved for Taiwanese aborigines. Therefore, each elector had two ballots under parallel voting.
The aboriginal members were elected by single non-transferable vote in two 3-member constituencies for lowland aborigines and highland aborigines respectively. This did not fulfill the promise in the treaty-like document A New Partnership Between the Indigenous Peoples and the Government of Taiwan, where each of the 13 recognized indigenous peoples was to get at least one seat, and the distinction between highland and lowland abolished.
The breakdown by administrative unit was:[1]
Jurisdiction | Seats | Jurisdiction | Seats | Jurisdiction | Seats |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taipei City | 8 | Taichung City | 3 | Kaohsiung County | 4 |
Kaohsiung City | 5 | Changhua County | 4 | Pingtung County | 3 |
Taipei County | 12 | Yunlin County | 2 | Yilan County | 1 |
Keelung City | 1 | Nantou County | 2 | Hualien County | 1 |
Taoyuan County | 6 | Chiayi County | 2 | Taitung County | 1 |
Hsinchu City | 1 | Chiayi City | 1 | Penghu County | 1 |
Hsinchu County | 1 | Tainan County | 3 | Kinmen County | 1 |
Miaoli County | 2 | Tainan City | 2 | Lienchiang County | 1 |
Taichung County | 5 |
The delimitation of the single-member constituencies within the cities and counties was a major political issue, with bargaining between the government and the legislature. Of the 15 cities and counties to be partitioned (the ten others have only one seat), only seven of the districting schemes proposed by the CEC were approved in a normal way. The eight other schemes were decided by drawing lots: "Taipei and Taichung cities and Miaoli and Changhua counties will adopt the version suggested by the CEC, while Kaohsiung city will follow the consensus of the legislature. Taipei county will follow the proposal offered by the opposition Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taoyuan county will adopt the ruling Democratic Progressive Party’s scheme, and Pingtung county will use the scheme agreed upon by the Non-partisan Solidarity Union, People First Party, Kuomintang and Taiwan Solidarity Union."[2]
Impact of the electoral system
The elections were the first held under a new electoral system which had been approved by both major parties in constitutional amendments adopted in 2005, but which one political scientist has argued favored the KMT. The rules are set up so that every county has at least one seat, which gave a higher representation for smaller counties in which the KMT traditionally has done well. Northern counties tend to be marginally in favor of KMT, whereas southern counties tend to be strongly for DPP, and the single member system limits this advantage. The partially led to the result that the legislative count was highly in favor of the KMT while the difference in the number of votes cast for the KMT and DPP were less dramatic.[3]
It was considered possible that the Republic of China presidential election, 2008 would be held on the same day as this election, but this was eventually not the case, with the presidential happening 10 weeks later, in March. Two referendums were held on the same date.
Results
↓ | ||||
85 | 1 | 27 | ||
Pan-Blue coalition | I | Pan-Green coalition |
Parties | Constituency and Aboriginal |
Party list | Total seats | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | +/−[2] | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Outgoing | % | Incoming | % | +/−[2] | ||
Kuomintang registration | 5,291,512 | 53.5 | +20.7 | 61 | 5,010,801 | 51.2 | 20 | 90 | 40.0 | 81 | 71.7 | +31.7 | |
Kuomintang | 54 | 17 | 85 | 71 | |||||||||
People First Party co-nomination[3] | 5 | 3 | - | 8 | |||||||||
New Party endorsement[4] | 2 | - | 5 | 2 | |||||||||
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union[5] | 239,317 | 2.4 | -1.2 | 3 | 68,527 | 0.7 | 0 | 8 | 3.6 | 3 | 2.7 | -0.9 | |
People First Party[3] | 28,254 | 0.3 | -13.3 | 1 | - | - | - | 20 | 8.9 | 1 | 0.9 | -8.0 | |
New Party[4] | - | - | (-0.1) | - | 386,660 | 4.0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | |
Pan-Blue coalition[6] | 5,559,083 | 56.2 | +5.7 | 65 | 5,465,988 | 55.9 | 20 | 118 | 52.4 | 85 | 75.2 | +22.8 | |
Democratic Progressive Party | 3,775,352 | 38.2 | +2.5 | 13 | 3,610,106 | 36.9 | 14 | 90 | 40.0 | 27 | 23.9 | -16.1 | |
Taiwan Solidarity Union | 93,840 | 0.9 | -6.9 | 0 | 344,887 | 3.5 | 0 | 7 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | -3.1 | |
Taiwan Constitution Association | 3,926 | <0.1 | 0 | 30,315 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Pan-Green coalition | 3,863,118 | 39.1 | -4.4 | 13 | 3,954,993 | 40.7 | 14 | 97 | 43.1 | 27 | 23.9 | -19.2 | |
Home Party | 6,355 | <0.1 | 0 | 77,870 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Green Party Taiwan | 14,767 | 0.1 | 0 | 58,473 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Taiwan Farmers' Party | 8,681 | <0.1 | 0 | 57,144 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Civil Party | 6,562 | <0.1 | 0 | 48,192 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Third Society Party | 10,057 | 0.1 | 0 | 45,594 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | -0.4 | ||
Hakka Party | 8,860 | <0.1 | 0 | 42,004 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Independents[6] | 393,346 | 4.0 | -1.9 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.9 | +0.5 | |
Vacant | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8 | 3.6 | - | - | - | |
Total[7] | 10,050,619 | - | - | - | 10,076,239 | - | - | 225 | 100 | 113 | 100 | - |
1. ^ The results of the election have been released by the Central Election Commission of the Republic of China (pdf)
2. ^ This is the first legislative election in the Republic of China in which voters cast separate ballots for constituency and party list candidates. In past elections, voters cast only a constituency ballot, and party list allocation was determined by the total constituency votes that each party received. Due to limited comparability between this election and past elections, an increase / decrease comparison is made here for: constituency votes received in 2004 vs 2008 and percentage of total seats in outgoing legislature vs incoming legislature in 2008.
3. ^ In a pre-election agreement, the Kuomintang and the People First Party agreed to register most PFP constituency candidates as KMT candidates, and nominate a common KMT party list, in order to prevent splitting of the Pan-Blue vote. The PFP won one aboriginal seat it contested under its own name, five constituency seats contested under the KMT banner, and three seats within the KMT party list.
4. ^ Under New Party direction, all New Party legislators in the outgoing legislature had joined the KMT, and New Party members ran as KMT candidates with New Party endorsement in this election. The New Party ran only party list candidates in this election but failed to pass the 5% threshold.
5. ^ The NPSU is formally neither part of the Pan-Blue or Pan-Green coalition, but its members tend to ally themselves with the pan-Blue coalition, and were endorsed by the KMT in this election.
6. ^ Chen Fu-hai of Kinmen, the lone independent elected in this election, is a former KMT member and endorses the KMT presidential campaign. Hence the strength of the Pan-Blue coalition is taken as 86. (see here) The outgoing independent is Li Ao, who while refusing ally with either coalition, usually voted with pan-Blue.
7. ^ Total ballots cast. The turnout was 58.28% for the party-list ballots and 58.5% for the constituency ballots. In addition to the parties above, the following minor parties did not contest party list seats and did not win constituency seats: Dadao Compassion Jishih Party, Democratic Freedom Party, Hongyun Jhongyi Party, World Peace Party.
Legislators elected through constituency and aborigine ballots
Constituency | Elected candidate(s) | Runner-up candidate(s) |
Taipei City Constituency 1 | Ting Shou-chung (丁守中)( Kuomintang) | Gao Jian Jhih (高建智)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei City Constituency 2 | Justin Chou (周守訓)( Kuomintang) | Wang Shih Jian (王世堅)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei City Constituency 3 | John Chiang( Kuomintang) | Julian Kuo (郭正亮)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei City Constituency 4 | Alex Tsai (蔡正元)( Kuomintang) | Syu Guo Yong (徐國勇)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei City Constituency 5 | Lin Yu-fang( Kuomintang) | Tuan Yi-kang(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei City Constituency 6 | Diane Lee( Kuomintang) | Luo Wen-jia(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei City Constituency 7 | Alex Fai (費鴻泰)( Kuomintang) | Tian Xin (田欣)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei City Constituency 8 | Lai Shyh-bao( Kuomintang) | Jhou Bo Ya (周柏雅)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Kaohsiung City Constituency 1 | Huang Chao-shun( Kuomintang) | Pasuya Yao(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Kaohsiung City Constituency 2 | Kuan Bi-ling(Democratic Progressive Party) | Luo Shih Syong (羅世雄)( Kuomintang) |
Kaohsiung City Constituency 3 | Hou Cai Fong (侯彩鳳)( Kuomintang) | Li Kun Ze (李昆澤)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Kaohsiung City Constituency 4 | Li Fu Sing (李復興)( Kuomintang) | Huang Jhao Huei (黃昭輝)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Kaohsiung City Constituency 5 | Guo Wun Cheng (郭玟成)(Democratic Progressive Party) | Lin Guo Jheng (林國正)( Kuomintang) |
Taipei County Constituency 1 | Wu Yu Sheng (吳育昇)( Kuomintang) | Li Sian Rong (李顯榮)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei County Constituency 2 | Lin Shu-fen (Democratic Progressive Party) | Ke Shu Min (柯淑敏)( Kuomintang) |
Taipei County Constituency 3 | Yu Tian (余天)(Democratic Progressive Party) | Jhu Jyun Siao (朱俊曉)( Kuomintang) |
Taipei County Constituency 4 | Li Hong Jyun (李鴻鈞)( Kuomintang) | Wu Bing Ruei (吳秉叡)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei County Constituency 5 | Huang Chih-Hsiung( Kuomintang) | Liao Pen-yen(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei County Constituency 6 | Lin Hong-chih (林鴻池)( Kuomintang) | Wang Shu-hui(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei County Constituency 7 | Wu Chin-chih ( Kuomintang) | Jhuang Shuo Han (莊碩漢)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei County Constituency 8 | Chang Ching Jhong (張慶忠)( Kuomintang) | Jhao Yong Ching (趙永清)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei County Constituency 9 | Lin Te-fu (林德福)( Kuomintang) | Hong Yi Ping (洪一平)(Independent) |
Taipei County Constituency 10 | Lu Jia Chen (盧嘉辰)( Kuomintang) | Li Wun Jhong (李文忠)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei County Constituency 11 | Luo Ming Cai (羅明才)( Kuomintang) | Chen Yong Fu (陳永福)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taipei County Constituency 12 | Lee Ching-hua( Kuomintang) | Chen Chao Long (陳朝龍)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Keelung City | Hsieh Kuo-liang( Kuomintang) | You Siang Yao (游祥耀)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Yilan County | Lin Jian Rong (林建榮)( Kuomintang) | Chen Jin De (陳金德)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taoyuan County Constituency 1 | Chen Gen De (陳根德)( Kuomintang) | Li Jhen Nan (李鎮楠)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taoyuan County Constituency 2 | Liao Jheng Jing (廖正井)( Kuomintang) | Guo Rong Zong (郭榮宗)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taoyuan County Constituency 3 | John Wu( Kuomintang) | Peng Tian Fu (彭添富)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taoyuan County Constituency 4 | Yang Li Huan (楊麗環)( Kuomintang) | Huang Zong Yuan (黃宗源)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taoyuan County Constituency 5 | Jhu Fong Jhih (朱鳳芝)( Kuomintang) | Li Yue Cin (李月琴)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taoyuan County Constituency 6 | Sun Tai Cian (孫大千)( Kuomintang) | Ciou Chuang Liang (邱創良)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Hsinchu County | Ciou Jing Chun (邱鏡淳)( Kuomintang) | Hsu Hsin-ying (徐欣瑩)(Independent) |
Hsinchu City | Lu Hsueh-chang (呂學樟)( Kuomintang) | Cheng Hong-huei (鄭宏輝)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Miaoli County Constituency 1 | Li Yi Ting (李乙廷)( Kuomintang) | Du Wun Cing (杜文卿)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Miaoli County Constituency 2 | Syu Yao Chang (徐耀昌)( Kuomintang) | He Jhih Huei (何智輝)( Kuomintang) |
Taichung County Constituency 1 | Liou Cyuan Jhong (劉銓忠)( Kuomintang) | Cai Ci Chang (蔡其昌)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taichung County Constituency 2 | Yan Cing Biao (顏清標)( Non-Partisan Solidarity Union) | Liou Ruei Long (劉瑞龍)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taichung County Constituency 3 | Jiang Lian Fu (江連福)( Kuomintang) | Jian Jhao Dong (簡肇棟)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taichung County Constituency 4 | Syu Jhong Syong (徐中雄)( Kuomintang) | Gao Ji Zan (高基讚)( Taiwan Solidarity Union) |
Taichung County Constituency 5 | Yang Cyong Ying (楊瓊瓔)( Kuomintang) | Guo Jyun Ming (郭俊銘)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taichung City Constituency 1 | Cai Jin Long (蔡錦隆)( Kuomintang) | Cai Ming Sian (蔡明憲)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taichung City Constituency 2 | Lu Siou Yan (盧秀燕)( Kuomintang) | Sie Ming Yuan (謝明源)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taichung City Constituency 3 | Daniel Huang (黃義交)( Kuomintang) | He Min Hao (何敏豪)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Changhua County Constituency 1 | Chen Siou Cing (陳秀卿)( Kuomintang) | Chen Jin Ding (陳進丁)( Non-Partisan Solidarity Union) |
Changhua County Constituency 2 | Lin Cang Min (林滄敏)( Kuomintang) | Ciou Chuang Jin (邱創進)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Changhua County Constituency 3 | Jheng Ru Fen (鄭汝芬)( Kuomintang) | Lin Chong Mo (林重謨)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Changhua County Constituency 4 | Siao Ying Tian (蕭景田)( Kuomintang) | Jiang Jhao Yi (江昭儀)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Nantou County Constituency 1 | Wu Den-yih( Kuomintang) | Lin Yun Sheng (林耘生)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Nantou County Constituency 2 | Lin Ming Jhen (林明溱)( Kuomintang) | Shang Huo Sheng (湯火聖)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Yunlin County Constituency 1 | Jhang Jia Jyun (張嘉郡)( Kuomintang) | Chen Sian Jhong (陳憲中)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Yunlin County Constituency 2 | Chiang Shou-wen (張碩文)( Kuomintang) | Liu Chien-kuo (劉建國)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Chiayi County Constituency 1 | Wong Chong Jyun (翁重鈞)( Kuomintang) | Cai Ci Fang (蔡啟芳)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Chiayi County Constituency 2 | Jhang Hua Guan (張花冠)(Democratic Progressive Party) | Tu Wun Sheng (涂文生)( Kuomintang) |
Chiayi City | Jiang Yi Syong (江義雄)( Kuomintang) | Jhuang Huo Jih (莊和子)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Tainan County Constituency 1 | Yeh Yi-jin (葉宜津)(Democratic Progressive Party) | Hong Yu Cin (洪玉欽)( Kuomintang) |
Tainan County Constituency 2 | Huang Wei Jhe (黃偉哲)(Democratic Progressive Party) | Li Huo Shun (李和順)( Non-Partisan Solidarity Union) |
Tainan County Constituency 3 | Li Jyun Yi (李俊毅)(Democratic Progressive Party) | Wu Jian Bao (吳健保)( Kuomintang) |
Tainan City Constituency 1 | Chen Ting Fei (陳亭妃)(Democratic Progressive Party) | Wang Yu Ting (王昱婷)( Kuomintang) |
Tainan City Constituency 2 | William Lai(Democratic Progressive Party) | Gao Sai Bo (高思博)( Kuomintang) |
Kaohsiung County Constituency 1 | Jhong Shao Huo (鍾紹和)( Kuomintang) | Yan Wun Jhang (顏文章)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Kaohsiung County Constituency 2 | Lin Yi-shih( Kuomintang) | Yu Jheng Sian (余政憲)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Kaohsiung County Constituency 3 | Chen Ci Yu (陳啟昱)(Democratic Progressive Party) | Wu Guang Syun (吳光訓)( Kuomintang) |
Kaohsiung County Constituency 4 | Jiang Ling Jyun (江玲君)( Kuomintang) | Lin Tai-hua (林岱樺)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Pingtung County Constituency 1 | Su Jhen Cing (蘇震清)(Democratic Progressive Party) | Cai Hao (蔡豪)(Independent) |
Pingtung County Constituency 2 | Wang Jin Shih (王進士)( Kuomintang) | Li Shih Bin (李世斌)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Pingtung County Constituency 3 | Pan Men-an(Democratic Progressive Party) | Su Cing Cyuan (蘇清泉)( Kuomintang) |
Hualien County | Fu Kun-chi ( Kuomintang) | Lu Bo Ji (盧博基)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Taitung County | Huang Jian Ting (黃健庭)( Kuomintang) | Syu Jhih Syong (許志雄)(Independent) |
Penghu County | Lin Bing Kun (林炳坤)( Non-Partisan Solidarity Union) | Chen Guang Fu (陳光復)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Kinmen County | Chen Fu-hai(Independent) | Wu Cheng Dian (吳成典)( Kuomintang) |
Lienchiang County | Cao Er Jhong (曹爾忠)( Kuomintang) | Lin Huei Guan (林惠官)( People First Party) |
Lowland Aborigine |
Luo Guo Dong (廖國棟)( Kuomintang) |
Song Jin Cai (宋進財)(Independent) Chen Siou Huei (陳秀惠)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
Highland Aborigine |
Chien Tung-ming ( Kuomintang) |
Lin Chun De (林春德)( People First Party) Hou Jin Jhu (侯金助)(Democratic Progressive Party) |
- Notes:
- Candidates marked are People First Party candidates running under the KMT party banner.
- Candidates marked are New Party candidates who joined the Kuomintang with New Party endorsement.
- Most names on the list follow the Tongyong Pinyin romanization used in the Central Election Committee website and may not accurately reflect the candidates' preferred romanization of their name.
Legislators elected through nationwide constituency and overseas Chinese ballots
No. | Party | Elected∕Candidates | Candidate List |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Civil Party | 0/4 | |
2 | Taiwan Constitution Association | 0/3 | |
3 | Taiwan Solidarity Union | 0/15 | |
4 | Third Society Party | 0/5 | |
5 | Democratic Progressive Party | 14/33 |
|
6 | New Party | 0/10 | |
7 | Green Party Taiwan | 0/4 | |
8 | Taiwan Farmers' Party | 0/8 | |
9 | Non-Partisan Solidarity Union | 0/2 | |
10 | Kuomintang | 20/34 |
|
11 | Home Party | 0/7 | |
12 | Hakka Party | 0/3 |
- Notes:
- Candidates marked with a ^ are overseas Chinese candidates.
- Elected candidates are marked with a next to their name.
- Candidates with are People First Party candidates running on a joint ticket with the Kuomintang[4]。
- Green Party Taiwan candidate Wang Fang Ping is endorsed by the coalition Raging Citizens Act Now! (人民火大行動聯盟)[5]。
- Most names on the list follow the Tongyong Pinyin romanization used in the Central Election Committee website and may not accurately reflect the candidates' preferred romanization of their name.
Impact
With this election the KMT and the Pan-Blue Coalition have more than the two-thirds majority needed to propose a recall election of the President and if NPSU votes are counted with the pan-Blue coalition, more than the three-quarters majority needed to propose constitutional amendments.
Reaction from the People’s Republic of China
The Government of the People's Republic of China, which claims sovereignty over Taiwan, remained largely silent on the election result. State media carried brief updates of results and passed no comment on either the referendum or the Kuomintang victory.[6]
The People’s Republic of China appointed 13 representatives for Taiwan to its own National People's Congress on the same day. These delegates are mostly descendants of Taiwanese who emigrated to the Mainland, or Communist supporters who fled Taiwan. Their positions are ceremonial as the PRC do not exercise effective jurisdiction over Taiwan.[7]
See also
References
- ↑ Central Election Commission
- ↑ January 31, 2007.CEC Completes Legislative Constituency Redistricting. Taiwan Headlines. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.
- ↑ 中時電子報|最新焦點
- ↑ 謝自宗 (2007-11-20). "吳伯雄接待親民黨張顯耀等不分區立委候選人". (自立晚報).
- ↑ 人民火大行動聯盟 - 不分區立委候選人 王芳萍簡介
- ↑ 新华网专题报道
- ↑ China ‘elects’ 13 of its own representatives for Taiwan - The China Post
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Republic of China legislative election, 2008. |
- Results of the legislative election from the Central Election Commission
- BBC News (2008-01-12): Kuomintang in huge win
- BBC News (2008-01-11): Battle lines drawn in Taiwan vote
- The World Next Week by Oxford Analytica (2008-01-10): Taiwan: year of the thaw?
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