Emperor Higashiyama

Higashiyama
Emperor of Japan
Reign 1687-1709
Predecessor Reigen
Successor Nakamikado
Born October 21, 1675
Died January 16, 1710 (aged 34)
Burial Tsukinowa no misasagi (Kyoto)
Spouse Princess Yukiko
Father Reigen
Higashiyama also refers to a ward of Kyoto City.

Emperor Higashiyama (東山天皇 Higashiyama-tennō, October 21, 1675 – January 16, 1710) was the 113th emperor of Japan,[1] according to the traditional order of succession.[2]

Higashiyama's reign spanned the years from 1687 through 1709[3] of what are generally considered to be the Golden Age of the Edo period. The previous hundred years of peace and seclusion in Japan had created relative economic stability. The arts and architecture flourished.

Genealogy

Before Higashiyama's ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina) was Asahito (朝仁) or Tomohito[4] and his pre-accession title was Go-no-miya (五宮)

Higasiyama was the fifth son of Emperor Reigen.

Higashiyama's Imperial family lived with him in the Dairi of the Heian Palace. This family included at least 10 children.

Events of Higashiyama's life

Prince Tomohito was the son of a secondary consort, Fujiwara no Muneko; but he was adopted by the Chugu Fusa-ko.[5]

In 1687, he acceded to the throne after the abdication of Emperor Reigen. On the 16th day of the 11th month of that year, he revived the Daijōsai (大嘗祭), the first ceremonial offering of rice by a newly enthroned Emperor.

Initially, Emperor Reigen continued to rule in Higashiyama's name, which caused much friction with the Bakufu. However, Higashiyama's gentle character helped to improve relations with the Bakufu, and imperial property was increased, and repairs were carried out on Imperial mausoleums.

Higashiyama is among those enshrined in the Imperial mausoleum, Tsukinowa no misasagi, at Sennyū-ji in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto. Also enshrined in this location are this emperor's immediate Imperial predecessors since Emperor Go-MizunooMeishō, Go-Kōmyō, Go-Sai and Reigen. Higashiyama's immediate Imperial successors, including Nakamikado, Sakuramachi, Momozono, Go-Sakuramachi and Go-Momozono, are enshrined here as well.[18]

Events of Higashiyama's life

Prince Tomohito was the son of a secondary consort, Fujiwara no Muneko; but he was adopted by the Chugu Fusa-ko.[5]

In 1687, he acceded to the throne after the abdication of Emperor Reigen. On the 16th day of the 11th month of that year, he revived the Daijōsai (大嘗祭), the first ceremonial offering of rice by a newly enthroned Emperor.

Initially, Emperor Reigen continued to rule in Higashiyama's name, which caused much friction with the Bakufu. However, Higashiyama's gentle character helped to improve relations with the Bakufu, and imperial property was increased, and repairs were carried out on Imperial mausoleums.

Higashiyama is among those enshrined in the Imperial mausoleum, Tsukinowa no misasagi, at Sennyū-ji in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto. Also enshrined in this location are this emperor's immediate Imperial predecessors since Emperor Go-MizunooMeishō, Go-Kōmyō, Go-Sai and Reigen. Higashiyama's immediate Imperial successors, including Nakamikado, Sakuramachi, Momozono, Go-Sakuramachi and Go-Momozono, are enshrined here as well.[18]

Eras of Higashiyama's reign

The years of Higashiyama's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[6]

Fictional Portrayals

See also

Notes

Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
  1. Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 東山天皇 (113)
  2. Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 117–118.
  3. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 415–416.
  4. Ponsonby-Fane, Imperial House, p. 10.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Ponsonby-Fane, Imperial House, p. 117.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Titsingh, p. 415.
  7. 1 2 Titsingh, p. 415; Varley, H. Paul. (1959). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44; n.b., a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
  8. 1 2 Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869, p. 342.
  9. 1 2 Ponsonby-Fane, Old Capital, p. 318.
  10. 1 2 Bock, Felicia G. (1990). "The Great Feast of the Enthronement". Monumenta Nipponica 45 (1): 27–38.
  11. 1 2 Smith, Robert et al. (2004). Japanese Culture: Its Development And Characteristics, p. 28.
  12. 1 2 Screech, T. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns, p. 73.
  13. 1 2 Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). The Tokaido Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan, p. 230.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning, p. 63.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Titsingh, p. 416.
  16. 1 2 Ponsonby-Fane, Imperial House, p. 118.
  17. 1 2 Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit, pp. 45–46.
  18. 1 2 Ponsonby-Fane, Imperial House, p. 423.

References

Regnal titles
Preceded by
Emperor Reigen
Emperor of Japan:
Higashiyama

1687–1709
Succeeded by
Emperor Nakamikado
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