Expo '98

EXPO Lisbon 1998
The Expo ’98 logo
Overview
BIE-class	Specialized exposition
Category	International specialized exposition
Name	Exposição Internacional de Lisboa de 1998
Building	Torre Vasco da Gama
Area	40.5 hectares (100 acres)
Visitors	11,000,000
Participant(s)
Countries	146
Location
Country	Portugal
City	Lisbon
Venue	Parque Expo
Timeline
Awarded	1992
Opening	22 May 1998 (1998-05-22)
Closure	30 September 1998 (1998-09-30)
Specialized expositions
Previous	Taejon Expo '93 in Daejeon
Next	Expo 2005 in Aichi
Universal expositions
Previous	Seville Expo '92 in Seville
Next	Expo 2000 in Hanover
Horticultural expositions
Previous	1993 World Horticultural Exposition in Stuttgart
Next	1999 World Horticultural Exposition in Kunming

Expo '98 (1998 Lisbon World Exposition) was an official specialised World's Fair held in Lisbon, Portugal from Friday, 22 May to Wednesday, 30 September 1998.^[1] The theme of the fair was "The Oceans, a Heritage for the Future", chosen in part to commemorate 500 years of Portuguese discoveries. The Expo received around 11 million visitors^[2] in 132 days, while 155 countries and organizations were represented.

Before

The idea to organize a World's Fair in Portugal originated in 1989 between two Portuguese, António Taurino Mega Ferreira and Vasco Graça Moura, who were in charge of organizing the commemoration of the 500th anniversary of Vasco da Gama's arrival in India in 1498.

Once Government support was obtained, Ferreira led the bid at the Bureau of International Expositions, which in 1992 declared Lisbon the winner, against the other contender Toronto, Canada. State company Parque Expo was formed to make the Fair a self-sustaining event, with revenue coming from admission tickets and, especially, sales of real estate and parcel lots at the Expo's emplacement.

The first Commissioner of Expo '98 (and Parque Expo's CEO) was António Cardoso e Cunha. He was replaced in 1997 by José de Melo Torres Campos, after a general election resulted in a change in government.

The area chosen for the Expo '98 was a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi)-wide strip that covered 50 hectares (0.19 sq mi) in Lisbon's east-end alongside the Tagus river.

Expo '98 was fully built from scratch. Every building was pre-sold for after-Expo repurposing thus ensuring that, after the Expo closed, the site would not be left semi-abandoned, as had happened with previous expos, particularly Seville Expo '92.

To support the expected influx of visitors, an extensive access program was devised, including:

a new bridge across the river, the Vasco da Gama Bridge (then the longest in Europe)
a new line along the Lisbon Metro, with seven stations (five of which were ready for opening day)
a new main multi-modal terminal, featuring trains, metro, buses, and taxis, called Gare do Oriente, by architect Santiago Calatrava.

During

Two pavilions on the Expo '98, now hosting the Feira Internacional de Lisboa

Oceans Pavilion, now the Lisbon Oceanarium

Pavilion of the Portugal with its concrete veil

Torre Vasco da Gama cable car.

Expo '98 opened on 22 May 1998 with 141 countries and 14 international organizations featured in individual pavilions: almost every exhibitor respected the Expo's theme "The Oceans: A Heritage for the Future". There were additional themed pavilions dedicated to Water, Sea Knowledge, Virtual Reality (paid), The Future, Oceans, and Oceanophilia; as well as exhibitions: "Leonardo da Vinci@expo98 – La Dinamica dell'Acqua", "Roads of the Porcelain", and "Shells and Man". Additional attractions included: a 15,000-seater Utopia Pavilion with a resident theatrical show, Camões Theatre, nautical exhibition, Garcia de Orta tropical gardens, Swatch Pavilion, "World of Coca-Cola" exhibition, Expo Adrenalin, 120 metre-tall observation tower (paid), funicular (paid), and the nightly water-show "Acqua Matrix".

Out of the five major themed pavilions at Lisbon’s Expo 98, the Utopia Pavilion was among the most popular. Reflecting the Expo’s overall theme of “The Oceans: a Heritage for the Future” and designed by the renowned François Confino and Philippe Genty, the pavilion featured a large-scale multimedia show that presented the oceans as stimulators of imagery, taking visitors on a voyage from the creation of the world to the present day. Combining traditional stage technology with highly innovative special effects and mechanical controls, gsmprjct intégration handled all of the logistics and technical direction of the project. Housed in a custom-built covered stadium with a seating capacity of 10,000, the show was performed over 500 times, making it the first World’s Fair show to be seen by over 3 million people.

The Oceania Virtual Reality Pavilion was the biggest hit of Lisbon’s Expo 98, attracting over half a million visitors in a four-month period. The payoff was a virtual submarine voyage to an underwater base where visitors discovered the ruins of a lost civilization and encountered a sea monster before escaping back to the surface in Teleport capsules. Despite being the only pavilion at Expo 98 that required an additional admission fee, people spent hours waiting in line for this breathtaking 30-minute thrill ride that made use of seamlessly integrated simulators, virtual reality visors, and interactive projections. gsmprjct° was commissioned to design and produce "Oceania", planning the look and feel of the overall experience, in addition to acting as project manager, architectural coordinator, and general contractor. Divided into several rooms, the pavilion featured a 45-person simulated submarine ride and 70mm film, a 3D stereoscopic viewing system with custom content, and custom-designed motion simulators with audio-visual content.

The pavilion of Portugal hosted the Portuguese national representation during the event. From the architecture pont of view, the pavilion was created by Álvaro Siza Vieira. The entrance to the building was covered by a large concrete veil, mimicking a paper sheet linking two edifices, and opening a wide urban space.

Total number of visitors of the World Expo 1998 (Expo '98) reached 10,128,204, for a duration of 132 days. Admission prices (adult) were 5,000 escudos PTE ($34 USD at then-exchange rates) for one day, 12,500 escudos ($84) for three non-consecutive days, and 50,000 escudos ($334) for three months. The Oceans Pavilion, built to be the Lisbon Oceanarium after the Expo closed, had the longest lines. Other popular pavilions, with lines of up to five hours on busier days, included Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Germany, and Virtual Reality.

Logo and mascot

Mascot "Gil"

The Expo logo symbolizes the Sea and the Sun. It was conceived by Portuguese Augusto Tavares Dias, creative director in an advertising agency, and selected from 1,288 entries.

The Expo mascot was conceived by the Portuguese duo of painter António Modesto and sculptor Artur Moreira. It was selected from 309 entries. It is named Gil, after Portuguese navigator Gil Eanes.^[3] The name was chosen by high-school student José Luís Coelho, from 765 entries. Gil can be now seen on telethons broadcast on RTP1.

After

Expo '98 closed its doors on 30 September 1998. The site remained closed until February 1999, when it reopened as Parque das Nações (Park of the Nations), a free-access park, keeping the gardens, Oceanarium (Europe's then-largest aquarium), observation tower, funicular, and the Virtual Reality pavilion. Other buildings were re-purposed for the opening, including:

the main entrance (sun door), converted to Centro Vasco da Gama, a regional shopping mall (opened on 27 April 1999)
the main exhibition pavilions, converted to Feira Internacional de Lisboa (Lisbon International Exhibition Fair)
Utopia Pavilion, converted to MEO Arena, Lisbon's main multi-purpose indoor arena
Knowledge of the Seas Pavilion, converted to Knowledge Pavilion, a hands-on science museum
another exhibition pavilion, converted to a bowling alley, but subsequently demolished
Future Pavilion, now the Casino Lisboa.

Within Parque das Nações, every other building or vacant parcel lot was sold for office or living space, to offset the Expo's costs. The Virtual Reality Pavilion was closed on 31 August 2002 and later demolished. The area today is thriving, modern, stylish, and safe, attracting 18 million tourists a year to its gardens, museums, commercial areas and modern buildings. It has also become permanent residency for up to 25,000 people and one of Lisbon's premier business centers, with many multinational corporations basing their headquarters in its main avenue.

Parque Expo had lived beyond Expo '98, not just managing the infrastructure of Parque das Nações but, having acquired the know-how in urban conversion and planning, sold its advising and consultancy services to other cities around the world. The company was extinct at the end of 2012.

References

↑ Pelle, Kimberley D. "Lisbon 1998". In Findling, John E. Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-7864-3416-9.
↑ Pelle, Kimberley D. "Appendix B:Fair statistics". In Findling, John E. Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 416. ISBN 978-0-7864-3416-9.
↑ Pelle, Kimberley D. "Lisbon 1998". In Findling, John E. Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-7864-3416-9.

Sources

Moulaert, Frank; Rodríguez, Arantxa; Swyngedouw, Erik (2003-03-27). The globalized city: economic restructuring and social polarization in. pp. 209–22. ISBN 9780191555527. 7

"Myriad hotel opening on September 20th." Lisbon News. 18 Jul. 2012. a LisbonLux.com blog http://www.lisbonlux.com/lisbon-news/2012/07/18/myriad-hotel-opening-on-september-20th/ 18 Jul. 2014
Myriad by Sana Hotels. 2014. Sana Hotels. http://myriad.pt/en/restaurants-bars/ 18 Jul. 2014.

External links

Media related to Parque das Nações at Wikimedia Commons

List of world expositions

Retrospectively recognized expositions

BIE recognized Universal Expositions

BIE recognized Specialized Expositions

BIE recognized horticultural exhibitions (AIPH)

Canceled

Rome 1942
Chicago 1992
Vienna & Budapest 1995
Metro Manila 2002
Seine Saint Denis 2004

Not BIE recognized

Asia	Nanyang 1910 Hangzhou 1929 Nagoya 1937 Shenyang 2006

Oceania	Melbourne 1866 Sydney 1870 Melbourne 1875 Brisbane 1876 Sydney 1879 Dunedin 1889 Christchurch 1906 Auckland 1913–14 Dunedin 1925 Wellington 1939–40

Europe	London 1756 Dublin 1853 Manchester 1857 Porto 1865 London 1871–74 Vienna 1873 Amsterdam 1883 Liverpool 1886 London 1886 Copenhagen 1888 Glasgow 1888 Frankfurt 1891 Prague 1891 Lyon 1894 Oporto 1894 Berlin 1896 Glasgow 1901 Cork 1902 Hanoi 1902 London 1905 London 1906 Marseille 1906 Dublin 1907 London 1908 Zaragoza 1908 London 1910 Dresden 1911 London 1911 London 1912 Lyon 1914 Cologne 1914 London 1914 Kristiania 1914 Malmö 1914 Semarang 1914 London 1921 Marseille 1922 British Empire Exhibition (1924–25) Antwerp 1930 Stockholm 1930 Paris 1931 Porto 1934 Glasgow 1938

North America	New York City 1826–1897 Bryant Park, New York City 1853 Atlanta 1881 Louisville 1883–87 New Orleans 1884 Atlanta 1887 San Francisco 1894 Atlanta 1895 Nashville 1897 Omaha 1898 Buffalo 1901 Charleston 1901–02 Portland, Oregon 1905 Jamestown 1907 Seattle 1909 Knoxville 1913 San Diego 1915–17 Bronx 1918 Philadelphia 1926 San Diego 1935–36 Dallas 1936 Cleveland 1936–37 Dallas 1937 San Francisco 1939–40 New York City 1964–65

South America	Buenos Aires 1910 Rio de Janeiro 1922

Coordinates: 38°46′04″N 9°05′45″W / 38.7677°N 9.0958°W / 38.7677; -9.0958

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