FTSE 100 Index

FTSE 100 Index

FTSE 100 Index performance between 1984 and 2015
Foundation 1984[1]
Operator FTSE Group[1]
Exchanges London Stock Exchange[1]
Constituents 101[1]
Type Large cap
Market cap £1.904 trillion
(as of March 2015)[1]
Weighting method Capitalization-weighted[1]
Related indices
Website

The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE, or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsiː/, is a share index of the 100 companies listed on the London Stock Exchange with the highest market capitalization. It is seen as a gauge of prosperity for businesses regulated by UK company law. The index is maintained by the FTSE Group, a subsidiary of the London Stock Exchange Group.

The index began on 3 January 1984 at the base level of 1000; the highest closing value reached to date is 7103.98 (with an intra-day high of 7122.74), on 27 April 2015,[2] the previous peak having been over 15 years previously, on the last trading day of 1999, during the dot-com bubble.[3][4][5] After falling during the financial crisis of 2007-2010 to below 3500 in March 2009, the index recovered to a peak of 6091.33 on 8 February 2011, fell under the 5000 mark on the morning of 23 September 2011, but reached its record high on the market close of 27 April 2015, more than doubling in value from the crash in 2009.[6] It then went into a bear market, closing at 5537 on 11 February 2016.[7]

Overview

The index is maintained by the FTSE Group, a now wholly owned subsidiary of the London Stock Exchange which originated as a joint venture between the Financial Times and the London Stock Exchange. It is calculated in real time and published every 15 seconds when the market is open.

The FTSE 100 consists of the largest 100 qualifying UK companies by full market value.[8] A large slice of these are international companies, however, so the index's movements are a fairly weak indicator of how the UK economy is faring.[9] A better indication of the UK economy is the FTSE 250 as it contains a smaller proportion of international companies.[10] The constituents of the FTSE are determined quarterly, on the Wednesday after the first Friday of the month in March, June, September and December. The values used to make the changes to the indices are taken at the close of business the night before the review.[11]

FTSE 100 companies represent about 81% of the entire market capitalisation of the London Stock Exchange. Even though the FTSE All-Share Index is more comprehensive, the FTSE 100 is by far the most widely used UK stock market indicator. Other related indices are the FTSE 250 Index (which includes the next largest 250 companies after the FTSE 100), the FTSE 350 Index (which is the aggregation of the FTSE 100 and 250), FTSE SmallCap Index and FTSE Fledgling Index. The FTSE All-Share aggregates the FTSE 100, FTSE 250 and FTSE SmallCap.

Component companies must meet a number of requirements set out by the FTSE Group, including having a full listing on the London Stock Exchange with a Sterling or Euro denominated price on the Stock Exchange Electronic Trading Service, and meeting certain tests on nationality, free float, and liquidity.

Continuous trading on the London Stock Exchange starts at 08:00 and ends at 16:30 (when the closing auction starts), and closing values are taken at 16:35.

Weighting

In the FTSE indices, share prices are weighted by market capitalisation, so that the larger companies make more of a difference to the index than smaller companies. The basic formula for these indices is:[12]

\text{Index level}=\frac{\sum_i \text{Price of stock}_i\times\text{Number of shares}_i \times\text{Free float adjustment factor}_i}{\text{Index divisor}}

The Free float Adjustment factor represents the percentage of all issued shares that are readily available for trading. The factor is then rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5%. To find the free-float capitalisation of a company, first find its market cap (number of shares x share price) then multiply by its free-float factor. Free-float capitalisation, therefore, does not include restricted stocks, such as those held by company insiders.

Current constituents by market capitalisation as of February 2016

The following table lists the FTSE 100 companies measured by market capitalisation after the most recent changes on 15 February 2016.[13][14] The numbers of employees are taken from company reports, mostly dated between 2013 and 2015, and the Financial Times. The index consists of 100 companies, but there are 101 listings, as Royal Dutch Shell has both A and B class shares listed. Schroders Non Voting shares were also listed until 1 June 2012 when the FTSE's stricter rules came into force.

Company Ticker SectorMarket cap (£bn)Employees
3iIIIPrivate equity4.06266
Aberdeen Asset Management ADN Fund management3.141,800
Admiral Group ADM Insurance4.912,500
Anglo American plc AAL Mining6.09100,000
Antofagasta ANTO Mining4.714,005
ARM Holdings ARM Engineering13.22,000
Ashtead GroupAHTEquipment rental4.2612,810
Associated British Foods ABF Food25.77102,000
AstraZeneca AZN Pharmaceuticals51.2357,200
Aviva AV. Insurance17.6940,800
Babcock International BAB Engineering4.6534,000
BAE Systems BA. Military16.01107,000
Barclays BARC Banking27.18150,000
Barratt Developments BDEV Building5.865,000
Berkeley Group HoldingsBKGBuilding4.602,050
BHP Billiton BLT Mining41.8846,370
BP BP Oil and gas63.1397,700
British American Tobacco BATS Tobacco71.487,813
British Land BLND Property7.13177
BT Group BT.A Telecomms45.6189,000
Bunzl BNZL Industrial products6.3812,368
Burberry BRBY Fashion5.6510,851
Capita CPI Support Services7.3846,500
Carnival Corporation & plc CCL Leisure24.8586,800
Centrica CNA Energy10.7240,000
Coca-Cola HBC AG CCH Consumer5.138,312
Compass Group CPG Food20.21471,108
CRH plc CRH Building materials10.976,433
DCC plc DCC Investments5.039,804
Diageo DGE Beverages46.0125,000
Direct Line Group DLG Insurance 5.1513,900
Dixons Carphone DC. Retail 5.16 40,000
EasyJet EZJ Travel 6.17 11,000
Experian EXPN Information11.117,000
Fresnillo plc FRES Mining6.992,449
GKN GKN Manufacturing4.7950,000
GlaxoSmithKline GSK Pharmaceuticals67.3897,389
Glencore GLEN Mining16.9657,656
Hammerson HMSO Property4.42277
Hargreaves Lansdown HL Finance5.87650
Hikma Pharmaceuticals HIK Manufacturing 3.716,000
HSBC HSBA Banking88.11267,000
Imperial Brands IMT Tobacco35.7838,200
Inmarsat ISAT Telecomms 4.471,590
InterContinental Hotels Group IHG Hotels5.75345,000
International Consolidated Airlines Group SA IAG Travel11.0158,476
Intertek ITRK Product testing4.6733,000
Intu PropertiesINTUProperty3.892,180
ITV plc ITV Media10.154,059
Johnson Matthey JMAT Chemicals4.799,700
Kingfisher plc KGF Retail homeware7.880,000
Land Securities LAND Property8.19700
Legal & General LGEN Insurance13.219,324
Lloyds Banking Group LLOY Banking44.11120,449
London Stock Exchange GroupLSEFinance8.064,692
Marks & Spencer MKS Retailer7.0181,223
Merlin Entertainments MERL Leisure4.4228,000
Mondi MNDI Manufacturing6.3726,000
National Grid plc NG Energy36.1427,000
Next plc NXT Retail clothing6.958,706
Old Mutual OML Insurance8.4554,368
Pearson PLC PSON Education6.5237,000
Persimmon plc PSN Building6.342,450
Provident Financial PFG Finance4.743,110
Prudential plc PRU Finance31.6325,414
Randgold Resources RRS Mining5.896,954
Reckitt Benckiser RB Consumer goods46.3232,000
RELX Group REL Publishing25.5428,500
Rexam REX Packaging25.5419,000
Rio Tinto Group RIO Mining34.8467,930
Rolls-Royce Holdings RR. Manufacturing11.855,500
Royal Bank of Scotland Group RBS Banking28.6150,000
Royal Dutch Shell RDSA Oil and gas160.1290,000
Royal Mail RMG Delivery 4.41150,000
RSA Insurance Group RSA Insurance4.1621,000
SABMiller SAB Beverages67.3270,000
Sage Group SGE IT6.2612,300
Sainsbury's SBRY Supermarket 5.02150,000
Schroders SDR Fund management6.633,012
Severn Trent SVT Water5.048,051
Shire plc SHP Pharmaceuticals22.524,200
Sky plc SKY Media17.522,800
Smith & Nephew SN. Medical10.2711,000
Smiths Group SMIN Engineering3.8423,550
Sports Direct SPD Retail2.417,210
SSE plc SSE Energy14.0319,965
Standard CharteredSTANBanking13.5286,865
Standard Life SL Fund management6.6310,500
St. James's Place plcSTJ Finance 4.681,230
Taylor WimpeyTW.Building5.993,860
Tesco TSCO Supermarket14.92519,671
Travis PerkinsTPK Retailer4.4624,000
TUI Group TUI Leisure 76,000
Unilever ULVR Consumer goods90.42171,000
United Utilities UU Water6.365,096
Vodafone Group VOD Telecomms56.5586,373
Whitbread WTB Retail hospitality7.0986,800
Wolseley plc WOS Building materials9.2044,000
Worldpay WPG Payment services5.94,500
WPP plc WPP Media19.01162,000

Current constituents

The current constituents following the changes of 21 March 2016 are as follows:[15]

Past constituents

source: FTSE: FTSE 100 Constituent Changes PDF (57.9 KB)

FT 30

Main article: FT 30

The oldest continuous index in the UK is the FT 30, also known as the Financial Times Index or the FT Ordinary Index (FTOI).[181] It was established in 1935 and nowadays is largely obsolete due to its redundancy. It is similar to the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and companies listed are from the industrial and commercial sectors. Financial sector companies and government stocks are excluded.

Of the original constituents,[182] four are currently in the FTSE 100: Guest Keen & Nettlefolds (GKN), Tate & Lyle, Imperial Tobacco and Rolls-Royce, although Rolls-Royce has not been continuously listed and Imperial Tobacco was a subsidiary of Hanson for a number of years. ICI was removed when it was taken over by Akzo Nobel in January 2008. Two of the original FT 30 companies are still in that index:[183] GKN and Tate & Lyle (membership is not strictly based on market capitalisation, so this does not mean they are necessarily among the top thirty companies in the FTSE 100). The best performer from the original lineup has been Imperial Tobacco.[184]

See also

Other lists
Stock market lists

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "FTSE 100 Index Factsheet" (PDF). FTSE Group. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
  2. ↑ "HSBC gives FTSE 100 renewed boost". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  3. ↑ "FTSE 100 beats all-time high after 15 years". FTSE Global Markets. 24 February 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  4. ↑ "FTSE 100: INDEXFTSE:UKX quotes & news - Google Finance". google.ca. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  5. ↑ "Can FTSE 100 break 7,000 mark?". scotsman.com. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  6. ↑ "Yahoo Finance FTSE 100 closing values". Yahoo Finance (London). 11 March 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  7. ↑ FTSE 100 dragged down by miners
  8. ↑ Ground Rules for the Management of The UK Series of the FTSE Actuaries Share Indices (section 5)
  9. ↑ Atkins, Ralph; Elder, Bryce (3 September 2014). "FTSE returns to dotcom bubble level". ft.com. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  10. ↑ "Which indices best represent the economy?". Hargreaves Lansdown. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  11. ↑ FTSE UK Quarterly Review
  12. ↑ FTSE Capitalisation methodology via Wikinvest
  13. ↑ "Royal Dutch Shell (UK): Acquisition of BG Group (UK)". FTSE. 10 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  14. ↑ See 'FTSE All-Share Index Ranking (unofficial guide)'
  15. ↑ "Paddy Power Betfair, Mediclinic, Informa And Morrisons Join FTSE 100". Morning Star. 2 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  16. ↑ Buoyant Lloyds TSB offloads insurer Abbey Life The Guardian, 1 August 2007
  17. ↑ William Kay (6 September 2004). "HBOS fury as EU backs Santander's Abbey bid". The Independent (London).
  18. ↑ "A&L shareholders approve takeover". BBC News. 16 September 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  19. ↑ "Terra Firma drops Boots bid plan". BBC News. 24 April 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  20. ↑ Pernod Ricard successfully completes acquisition of Allied Domecq, from the Pernod Ricard website
  21. ↑ Unification of companies Archived 26 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  22. 1 2 "General Electric buys Amersham". BBC. 10 October 2003. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  23. ↑ "BSkyB agrees £125m Amstrad deal". BBC News. 31 July 2007. Retrieved 31 July 2007.
  24. ↑ "Argos attacks GUS offer". BBC News. 26 February 1998. Retrieved 13 October 2009.
  25. ↑ Argyll Group plc intends a stock buy back
  26. ↑ Worms & Cie launches tender offer
  27. ↑ "Wal-Mart buys Asda in UK retail shock". Eurofood. 17 June 1999. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
  28. ↑ The Economist, The man who bought trouble. Consulted on 18 July 2007.
  29. ↑ International Trader
  30. 1 2 "Bank of Scotland and Halifax agree merger". BBC News. 4 May 2001. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  31. ↑ Bass to become Six Continents The Guardian, 27 June 2001
  32. 1 2 3 4 "The Glaxo SmithKline merger". BBC News. 17 January 2000. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
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  35. ↑ Jess McHugh. "Shell-BG Group Acquisition Complete, As Energy Giant Focuses On Liquefied Natural Gas". International Business Times. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
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  38. ↑ Lafarge bags Blue Circle The Daily Telegraph (London), 7 January 2001
  39. ↑ Statement on Linde homepage
  40. ↑ Bowater to change name to Rexam Plasteurope, 31 May 1995
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  44. ↑ Brambles ditches London listing The Telegraph, 30 November 2005
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  48. 1 2 "India's Tata wins race for Corus". BBC. 31 January 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
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  50. ↑ Competition Commission Report 1988 Page 10
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  53. ↑ "Arcadia's clearance sale". BBC News. 4 April 2001. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  54. ↑ "Cadbury agrees Kraft takeover bid". London: BBC News. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  55. 1 2 "ITV shares on London stock market". BBC News. 2 February 2004. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
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  57. ↑ Richard Wray (9 October 2002). "Jobs cull logical in Logica / CMG deal". London: Guardian. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
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  59. 1 2 3 "CGU and Norwich Union merge". BBC News. 21 February 2000. Retrieved 2 November 2010.
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  61. ↑ Akzo Nobel Buys Courtaulds & Columbian Firm Adhesives Age, 1 June 1998
  62. ↑ PIC International Group PLC Changes Name to Sygen International plc PR Newswire, 2001
  63. ↑ "NTT buys South Africa's Dimension Data". BBC News. 14 July 2010. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  64. ↑ Guinness directors showed 'contempt for truth' BBC, 28 November 1997
  65. 1 2 DSG, formerly known as Dixons, is now renamed ... Dixons The Telegraph, 25 June 2010
  66. ↑ British engineering firms merger moves forward New York Times, 1992
  67. ↑ "Eagle Star at Euroarchive". Euroarchiveguide.org. 15 September 1904. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  68. 1 2 Texas raises Energy bid to £4.46bn BBC News, 3 March 1998
  69. 1 2 Imetal to Buy ECC For $1.2 Billion ICIS, 8 February 1999
  70. ↑ Andrews, Amanda (24 December 2007). "Guardian and Apax snap up a fifth of Emap". The Times (London). Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  71. ↑ "Profile: British music giant EMI". BBC News. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
  72. ↑ Odell, Mark (15 August 2005). "C&W set to win Energis race". News.ft.com. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  73. ↑ "Royal Dutch/Shell Will Buy Enterprise Oil of Britain". nytimes.com. 3 April 2002. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  74. ↑ Chairman is appointed at Exco International New York Times, 8 January 1987
  75. ↑ Deutsche Post (14 December 2005). "Deutsche Post DHL Completes Acquisition of Exel". Archived from the original on 22 October 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
  76. ↑ Ferranti Timeline – Museum of Science and Industry (Accessed 17 February 2009)
  77. ↑ Door still open for agreed takeover of Fisons The Independent, 22 August 1995
  78. 1 2 "Granada buys maximum stake". findarticles.com. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  79. ↑ "BBC NEWS - Business - French rival clinches Freeserve deal". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  80. ↑ "Aviva and Friends Life rise in first day as a merged company". The Telegraph. 13 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  81. ↑ "Friends backs Resolution takeover". BBC News. 11 August 2009.
  82. ↑ Gallaher agrees £7.5bn Japan Tobacco takeover The Scotsman
  83. ↑ "Co-op buys Somerfield for £1.57bn". bbc.co.uk. 16 July 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
  84. ↑ Oates, John (25 October 2005). "Ericsson buys Marconi". Theregister.co.uk. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  85. 1 2 "BBC NEWS - Business - Wimpey and Woodrow agree to merge". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  86. ↑ Closed-End Funds Open Plays for the Intrepid Investor International Herald Tribune, 21 January 1995
  87. ↑ "Catering & Hospitality News". Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  88. ↑ Lloyds-backed Alternative Hotels Group may be sold Daily Mail, 12 February 2011
  89. 1 2 Spirits soar at Diageo Food & Drug Packaging, July 2005
  90. ↑ Axa of France to buy Guardian of Britain New York Times, 2 February 1999
  91. ↑ GUS to split into two publicly traded units
  92. ↑ "The Independent - 404". The Independent. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  93. ↑ Openwork: History
  94. ↑ Richard Blackden, Online City Editor (15 May 2007). "Heidelberg to buy Hanson for £8bn". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  95. ↑ "AIM25 collection description". aim25.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  96. ↑ Brush Traction: History
  97. ↑ "Lloyds TSB Seals Merger with HBOS". BBC News. 17 September 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  98. ↑ "COMPANY NEWS - HICKS, MUSE BUYING A BRITISH FOOD COMPANY - NYTimes.com". nytimes.com. 15 May 1999. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  99. ↑ "BBC NEWS - Business - House of Fraser agrees Baugur bid". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  100. ↑ Armitstead, Louise (5 August 2007). "Dutch poised to clinch £8bn ICI takeover". The Times (London). Retrieved 5 January 2008.
  101. ↑ Gulf Resources & Chemical Corporation
  102. ↑ RWE is set to buy Innogy New York Times, 18 March 2002
  103. ↑ Scott, Mark (16 April 2012). "GDF Suez to Buy Remaining Stake in British Utility for $10 Billion". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  104. ↑ "LSE to replace Invesco in UK's FTSE 100". Reuters. 30 November 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
  105. ↑ "The Years 1989 to 1996". Jaguar Cars Ltd. Retrieved 10 May 2007.
  106. ↑ "Kelda Group PLC (UK): Scheme of Arrangement". FTSE Group. 4 February 2008. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  107. ↑ Larkin, Nicholas (8 February 2008). "Montagu, Partners to Buy Biffa for 1.2 Billion Pounds". Bloomberg. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  108. ↑ Kingston Communications changes name to KCOM Group Comms Dealer, 16 August 2007
  109. ↑ "Kwik Save weighs heavily on Somerfield results". FoodAndDrinkEurope.com (Decision News Media SAS). 9 April 2003. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
  110. ↑ Rockwood launched Chemical Market Reporter, December 2000
  111. ↑ Eni swoops on Lasmo BBC News, 21 December 2000
  112. ↑ Grid and Lattice form utility supergroup The Telegraph, 22 April 2002
  113. ↑ London Electricity goes to France BBC News, 30 November 1998
  114. ↑ The Investment Case – Lonmin plc Moneyweb, 1 April 2011
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  131. ↑ P&O agrees bid from Dubai Ports BBC News, 29 November 2005
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  149. 1 2 Smooth merger of Sun Alliance and Royal Insurance The Banker, June 1996
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  153. 1 2 Two electric suppliers in Britain to merge New York Times, 2 September 1998
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  159. ↑ Shell shareholders agree merger BBC News, 2005
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  166. ↑ Thames to agree £4.3bn RWE takeover The Independent (London), 25 September 2000
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  168. 1 2 Normura will buy Thorn plc The Boston Globe, 1 July 1998
  169. ↑ C&W makes offer for Thus Reuters, 30 June 2008
  170. ↑ "Engineering rivals to merge". BBC News. 18 September 2000. Retrieved 25 September 2006.
  171. ↑ "Tomkins agrees to £2.9bn takeover deal". BBC News. 27 July 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
  172. ↑ Kvaerner Is Close to Bidding for Troubled Group: Lifeline for Trafalgar House? International Herald Tribune, 28 February 1996
  173. ↑ Lloyds Bank to merge with TSB Group New York Times, 12 October 1995
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  175. ↑ "Blackstone and PAI complete purchase of UB" (Press release). United Biscuits. 15 December 2006. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  176. ↑ Swiss Bank in deal to buy S.G. Warburg New York Times, 11 May 1995
  177. ↑ Williams plunges 14% as margins shrink Independent, 19 July 2000
  178. 1 2 Willis: History
  179. ↑ Barclays buys rival Woolwich BBC News, 11 August 2000
  180. ↑ "The Lowdown: McKillop gives his opponents the treatment". The Independent (London). 21 September 2003. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
  181. ↑ The History Channel - Financial Times Index. Retrieved 8 August 2008
  182. ↑ "FT30 - the UK's oldest surviving stock market index - FT.com". ft.com. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  183. ↑ Remaining companies in the FT30
  184. ↑ Eckett, Stephen (ed.) (2004), The UK Stock Market Almanac 2005, Petersfield, Harriman House. ISBN 1-897597-46-0

External links

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