Fontes do Ipiranga Biological Reserve

Fontes do Ipiranga Biological Reserve
Reserva Biológica do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga
IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve)

Nearest city	São Paulo
Coordinates	23°39′22″S 46°37′34″W / 23.656°S 46.626°W / -23.656; -46.626Coordinates: 23°39′22″S 46°37′34″W / 23.656°S 46.626°W / -23.656; -46.626
Area	357 hectares (880 acres)
Designation	Biological reserve
Created	12 August 1969

Fontes do Ipiranga Biological Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Biológica do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga) is a biological reserve in the Fontes do Ipiranga State Park of São Paulo State, Brazil.

Location

The Fontes do Ipiranga State Park is located in the south of the city of São Paulo. It holds the biological reserve, which preserves a remnant of Atlantic Forest vegetation and fauna, as well as the 36 hectares (89 acres) São Paulo Botanical Garden (Jardim Botânico de São Paulo).^[1] The biological reserve covers 357 hectares (880 acres) of the 526.4 hectares (1,301 acres) state park. It contains rainforest vegetation mixed with Araucaria in various stages of succession.^[2]

History

The state park has its origin in a decree of 12 September 1893 that declared an area of 696.9 hectares (1,722 acres) in the Ipiranga River basin was of public utility to protect the water supply of the city. In the 1920s the Horto Botânico, now the Botanical Garden, was established in the park area. During the 1930s the city's water supply was overhauled and the park was no longer a source. The site went through a series of changes in use and administration over the years that followed.^[3]

The park was formally constituted by decree on 12 August 1969. The Água Funda Park was now called the Fontes do Ipiranga State Park. The decree defined a Biological Reserve area, zoological garden, botanical garden forest area and various open areas. The Biological Reserve was to be kept intact as a scientific repository of the existing biota and to protect the historical headwaters of the Ipiranga River. Minimal changes were allowed, including internal paths no more than 15 metres (49 ft) wide to be used only for scientific researchers.^[4]

The reserve shows evidence of human influences such as construction in the surrounding area, introduction of exotic species and deforestation.^[5] In October 2012 it was reported that the governor of the state was planning to build a concert arena, hotel complex and exhibition centre in the state park.^[3]

Notes

↑ Jardim Botânico de São Paulo – Estadão.
↑ Pinto da Luz et al. 2011, p. 2.
1 2 Paulo F. 2012.
↑ Roberto Costa de Abreu Sodré 1969.
↑ Pinto da Luz et al. 2011, p. 4.

Sources

Jardim Botânico de São Paulo (in Portuguese), Estadão, retrieved 2016-04-25
Paulo F. (2012-10-12), "Parque estadual em SP pode virar centro de exposições", GGN, retrieved 2016-04-25
Pinto da Luz, Cynthia Fernandes; de Campos Bicudo, Denise; De Oliveira, Paulo Eduardo; Vieira Costa, Sandra; Araujo-Jesus, Tatiane; Albuquerque, Ana Luiza S. (2011), "A MATA ATLÂNTICA DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DAS FONTES DO IPIRANGA (SÃO PAULO, BRASIL) ENTRE O PASSADO HISTÓRICO E O PRESENTE" (PDF), XIII ABEQUA Congress - The South American Quaternary: Challenges and Perspectives, retrieved 2016-04-25
Roberto Costa de Abreu Sodré (1969), Decreto nº 52.281, de 12 de agosto de 1969, retrieved 2016-04-25

Protected areas of Brazil

Ecological stations	Aracuri Caracaraí Carijós Guaraqueçaba Iquê Jari Juami-Japurá Jutaí-Solimões Maracá Maracá-Jipioca Niquiá Pirapitinga Rio Acre Seridó Serra das Araras Taiamã Taim Tamoios Tupinambás Tupiniquins Uruçui-Una

Biological reserves	Abufari Andradina Atol das Rocas Augusto Banhados do Delta Canela Preta Carmo da Mata Colônia 31 de Março Comboios Córrego de Veado Córrego Grande Fazenda São Mateus Fontes do Ipiranga Guaporé Guaratiba Guaribas Gurupi Ibirapuitã Ilha do Cabo Frio Jaíba Jaru Lago Piratuba Lami José Lutzenberger Lapinha Marinha do Arvoredo Mata do Acauã Mata do Jambreiro Mata dos Ausentes Mata Paludosa Mogi-Guaçu Pedra Talhada Perobas Pindorama Poço das Antas Praia do Sul Biological Reserve Professor José Ângelo Rizzo Rio Trombetas Saltinho Santa Isabel Santa Rita São Camilo São Donato São Sebastião do Paraíso Serra Negra Sooretama Tamboré Tapirapé Tinguá Uatumã Una Vila Facchini

National parks	Abrolhos Alto Ribeira State and Tourist Park Amazônia Anavilhanas Aparados da Serra Araguaia Araucárias Brasília Cabo Orange Campos Gerais Caparaó Cavernas do Peruaçu Chapada das Mesas Chapada Diamantina Chapada dos Guimarães Chapada dos Veadeiros Emas Fernando de Noronha Furna Feia Grande Sertão Veredas Iguaçu Ilha Grande Itatiaia Jacupiranga Jaú Jericoacoara Jurubatiba Juruena Lençóis Maranhenses Monte Pascoal Monte Roraima Nascentes Pacaás Novos Pantanal Matogrossense Pau Brasil Pedra Azul Pico da Neblina Pontões Capixabas Lagoa do Peixe Saint-Hilaire São Joaquim Sempre Vivas Serra da Bocaina Serra da Bodoquena Serra da Canastra Serra da Capivara Serra da Cutia Serra de Itabaiana Serra da Mocidade Serra do Cipó Serra do Divisor Serra do Itajaí Serra do Pardo Serra dos Órgãos Serra Geral Sete Cidades Superagüi Terra Ronca Tijuca Tumucumaque Ubajara Vale do Catimbau Viruá Xingu

Wildlife refuges	Castanheiras Pied Tamarin Ilha dos Lobos

Environmental protection areas	Anhatomirim Barra do Rio Cairuçu Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Carste Cavernas do Peruaçu Descoberto River Basin Fernando de Noronha Guaraqueçaba Ibirapuitã Igarapé Gelado Morro da Pedreira Petrópolis Piaçabuçu Guapimirim Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago São Bartolomeu River Basin Serra da Mantiqueira Serra de Tabatinga

Ecological reserves	Alcobaça Apiacás IBGE Raso

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