Rio Trombetas Biological Reserve

Rio Trombetas Biological Reserve
Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas
IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve)
Location in Brazil
Nearest city	Oriximiná, Pará
Coordinates	1°05′02″S 56°37′59″W / 1.084°S 56.633°W / -1.084; -56.633Coordinates: 1°05′02″S 56°37′59″W / 1.084°S 56.633°W / -1.084; -56.633
Area	407,754 hectares (1,007,580 acres)
Designation	Biological reserve
Created	21 September 1979

Rio Trombetas Biological Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas) is a federally-administered biological reserve in the municipality of Oriximiná, Pará, Brazil. It covers a large area of Amazon biome including rainforest, wetlands and water.

History

The reserve, which covers 407,754 hectares (1,007,580 acres), was created on 21 September 1979. It is managed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation.^[1] The objective is to fully preserve the biota and other natural attributes of the reserve without human interference except for recovery of degraded ecosystems and actions to preserve the natural balance, biological diversity and natural ecological processes. A specific objective is to ensure survival of the Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) and other turtles, and to preserve a sample of the Amazon ecosystem.^[2]

Environment

The landscape is rugged, with altitudes that range from 100 to 350 metres (330 to 1,150 ft). It contains exposed rock from an ancient craton and sediments from the Amazon. Temperature ranges from 26 to 32 °C (79 to 90 °F) with average temperature of 27 °C (81 °F). Annual rainfall is about 2,141 millimetres (84.3 in). 86% of the reserve is covered by upland rainforests, 6% by flooding forests and 6.5% by water. The area is drained by the Acapu River and the Arrozal, Candieiro, Mungubal and Cabeceira Grande streams. Numerous lakes in the floodplain are permanently connected to the Trombetas River, forming a large wetland.^[2]

The diverse plant species include manilkara huberi, caryocar, dipteryx odorata, chrysophyllum, goupia glabra, copaiba, bertholletia excelsa, anacardium giganteum and palms such as attalea maripa, oenocarpus bacaba and astrocaryum vulgare. Migratory bird species include osprey (pandion haliaetus), collared plover (charadrius collaris) and large-billed tern (phaetusa simplex). The glossy antshrike (sakesphorus luctuosus) is endemic.^[2]

Status

As of 2009 the Biological Reserve was a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia, with a terrestrial area of 385,000 hectares (950,000 acres).^[3] Protected species include giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla), giant armadillo (priodontes maximus), giant otter (pteronura brasiliensis) and Amazonian manatee (trichechus inunguis).^[1]

References

Sources

Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas (in Portuguese), Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, retrieved 2016-04-17
Triana, Elisa (29 May 2009), "Strict Nature Reserves in Brazil", The Encyclopedia of Earth, retrieved 2016-04-15
Unidade de Conservação: Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas (in Portuguese), MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, retrieved 2016-04-17

Protected areas of Brazil

Ecological stations	Aracuri Caracaraí Carijós Guaraqueçaba Iquê Jari Juami-Japurá Jutaí-Solimões Maracá Maracá-Jipioca Niquiá Pirapitinga Rio Acre Seridó Serra das Araras Taiamã Taim Tamoios Tupinambás Tupiniquins Uruçui-Una

Biological reserves	Abufari Andradina Atol das Rocas Augusto Banhados do Delta Canela Preta Carmo da Mata Colônia 31 de Março Comboios Córrego de Veado Córrego Grande Fazenda São Mateus Fontes do Ipiranga Guaporé Guaratiba Guaribas Gurupi Ibirapuitã Ilha do Cabo Frio Jaíba Jaru Lago Piratuba Lami José Lutzenberger Lapinha Marinha do Arvoredo Mata do Acauã Mata do Jambreiro Mata dos Ausentes Mata Paludosa Mogi-Guaçu Pedra Talhada Perobas Pindorama Poço das Antas Praia do Sul Biological Reserve Professor José Ângelo Rizzo Rio Trombetas Saltinho Santa Isabel Santa Rita São Camilo São Donato São Sebastião do Paraíso Serra Negra Sooretama Tamboré Tapirapé Tinguá Uatumã Una Vila Facchini

National parks	Abrolhos Alto Ribeira State and Tourist Park Amazônia Anavilhanas Aparados da Serra Araguaia Araucárias Brasília Cabo Orange Campos Gerais Caparaó Cavernas do Peruaçu Chapada das Mesas Chapada Diamantina Chapada dos Guimarães Chapada dos Veadeiros Emas Fernando de Noronha Furna Feia Grande Sertão Veredas Iguaçu Ilha Grande Itatiaia Jacupiranga Jaú Jericoacoara Jurubatiba Juruena Lençóis Maranhenses Monte Pascoal Monte Roraima Nascentes Pacaás Novos Pantanal Matogrossense Pau Brasil Pedra Azul Pico da Neblina Pontões Capixabas Lagoa do Peixe Saint-Hilaire São Joaquim Sempre Vivas Serra da Bocaina Serra da Bodoquena Serra da Canastra Serra da Capivara Serra da Cutia Serra de Itabaiana Serra da Mocidade Serra do Cipó Serra do Divisor Serra do Itajaí Serra do Pardo Serra dos Órgãos Serra Geral Sete Cidades Superagüi Terra Ronca Tijuca Tumucumaque Ubajara Vale do Catimbau Viruá Xingu

Wildlife refuges	Castanheiras Pied Tamarin Ilha dos Lobos

Environmental protection areas	Anhatomirim Barra do Rio Cairuçu Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Carste Cavernas do Peruaçu Descoberto River Basin Fernando de Noronha Guaraqueçaba Ibirapuitã Igarapé Gelado Morro da Pedreira Petrópolis Piaçabuçu Guapimirim Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago São Bartolomeu River Basin Serra da Mantiqueira Serra de Tabatinga

Ecological reserves	Alcobaça Apiacás IBGE Raso

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