Gurupi Biological Reserve

Gurupi Biological Reserve
Reserva Biológica do Gurupi
IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve)
Location in Brazil
Coordinates	12°32′56″S 47°32′10″W / 12.549°S 47.536°W / -12.549; -47.536Coordinates: 12°32′56″S 47°32′10″W / 12.549°S 47.536°W / -12.549; -47.536
Area	271,197 hectares (670,140 acres)
Designation	biological reserve
Created	12 January 1988

Gurupi Biological Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Biológica do Gurupi) is a biological reserve in the State of Maranhão, in Brazil.

History

The 271,197 hectares (670,140 acres) reserve was created on 12 January 1988. The reserve is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation.^[1] It covers parts of the municipalities of Centro Novo do Maranhão and Bom Jardim in the state of Maranhão. Elevations range from 27 to 316 metres (89 to 1,037 ft) above sea level. The reserve covers parts of the watersheds of the Gurupí and Pindaré rivers. Average annual rainfall is 2,169 millimetres (85.4 in). Temperatures range from 22 to 32 °C (72 to 90 °F) with an average of 27 °C (81 °F). The vegetation is dense Amazon rainforest within the Centro de Endemismos Belém ecoregion, and is rich in species of flora.^[2]

Status

The Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. The purpose is full preservation of biota and other natural attributes without human intervention. Specifically the reserve maintains a representative sample of the Amazon rainforest in Maranhão.^[2] Studies with plants, butterflies and birds classify this biological reserve as one of the 12 pleistocenic refuges in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. It has lost more than half of its forest due to logging since its creation.^[3]

Protected species are Kaapori capuchin (Cebus kaapori), oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), jaguar (Panthera onca), bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata), Amazonian barred woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes certhia), black-spotted bare-eye (Phlegopsis nigromaculata), red-necked aracari (Pteroglossus bitorquatus), dark-winged trumpeter (Psophia viridis) and pearly parakeet (Pyrrhura lepida).^[1]

References

Sources

Chape, Stuart; Spalding, Mark; Jenkins, Martin (2008), The world's protected areas: status, values and prospects in the 21st century, University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-24660-8
Reserva Biológica do Gurupi (in Portuguese), Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, retrieved 2016-04-15
Unidade de Conservação: Reserva Biológica do Gurupi (in Portuguese), MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, retrieved 2016-04-26

Protected areas of Brazil

Ecological stations	Aracuri Caracaraí Carijós Guaraqueçaba Iquê Jari Juami-Japurá Jutaí-Solimões Maracá Maracá-Jipioca Niquiá Pirapitinga Rio Acre Seridó Serra das Araras Taiamã Taim Tamoios Tupinambás Tupiniquins Uruçui-Una

Biological reserves	Abufari Andradina Atol das Rocas Augusto Banhados do Delta Canela Preta Carmo da Mata Colônia 31 de Março Comboios Córrego de Veado Córrego Grande Fazenda São Mateus Fontes do Ipiranga Guaporé Guaratiba Guaribas Gurupi Ibirapuitã Ilha do Cabo Frio Jaíba Jaru Lago Piratuba Lami José Lutzenberger Lapinha Marinha do Arvoredo Mata do Acauã Mata do Jambreiro Mata dos Ausentes Mata Paludosa Mogi-Guaçu Pedra Talhada Perobas Pindorama Poço das Antas Praia do Sul Biological Reserve Professor José Ângelo Rizzo Rio Trombetas Saltinho Santa Isabel Santa Rita São Camilo São Donato São Sebastião do Paraíso Serra Negra Sooretama Tamboré Tapirapé Tinguá Uatumã Una Vila Facchini

National parks	Abrolhos Alto Ribeira State and Tourist Park Amazônia Anavilhanas Aparados da Serra Araguaia Araucárias Brasília Cabo Orange Campos Gerais Caparaó Cavernas do Peruaçu Chapada das Mesas Chapada Diamantina Chapada dos Guimarães Chapada dos Veadeiros Emas Fernando de Noronha Furna Feia Grande Sertão Veredas Iguaçu Ilha Grande Itatiaia Jacupiranga Jaú Jericoacoara Jurubatiba Juruena Lençóis Maranhenses Monte Pascoal Monte Roraima Nascentes Pacaás Novos Pantanal Matogrossense Pau Brasil Pedra Azul Pico da Neblina Pontões Capixabas Lagoa do Peixe Saint-Hilaire São Joaquim Sempre Vivas Serra da Bocaina Serra da Bodoquena Serra da Canastra Serra da Capivara Serra da Cutia Serra de Itabaiana Serra da Mocidade Serra do Cipó Serra do Divisor Serra do Itajaí Serra do Pardo Serra dos Órgãos Serra Geral Sete Cidades Superagüi Terra Ronca Tijuca Tumucumaque Ubajara Vale do Catimbau Viruá Xingu

Wildlife refuges	Castanheiras Pied Tamarin Ilha dos Lobos

Environmental protection areas	Anhatomirim Barra do Rio Cairuçu Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Carste Cavernas do Peruaçu Descoberto River Basin Fernando de Noronha Guaraqueçaba Ibirapuitã Igarapé Gelado Morro da Pedreira Petrópolis Piaçabuçu Guapimirim Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago São Bartolomeu River Basin Serra da Mantiqueira Serra de Tabatinga

Ecological reserves	Alcobaça Apiacás IBGE Raso

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