Fred M'membe

Fred M'membe
Born (1959-03-11) 11 March 1959
Mongu, Zambia
Nationality Zambian
Occupation Journalist, editor
Organization Zambia Post
Awards MISA's Press Freedom Award (1995)
International Press Freedom Award (1995)
World Press Freedom Hero (2000)

Fred M'membe (born 11 March 1959) is a Zambian journalist known for his editorship of the Zambia Post. He has received numerous international awards for his reporting, and in 2000, the International Press Institute named him one of its World Press Freedom Heroes.[1]

Background

M'membe was born in Mongu, Zambia on 11 March 1959. He studied accounting and worked for a time as an accountant before moving into journalism in November 1990, when he met Mike Hall, a Malawi-born journalist who covered Southern Africa for the BBC, UK and US newspapers.[2] At the time, Zambia had only two newspapers, both of them controlled by the government of Kenneth Kaunda, and the pair felt that an independent news source was long overdue. With Hall's help, M'membe went on to found Post Newspapers Limited in 1991, as well as a printing company, Independent Printers Limited, which would be responsible for printing The Zambia Post, Post Newspapers' flagship publication.[1] The pair modelled the paper's design on South Africa's liberal Weekly Mail and Lisbon, Portugal's daily Público. Despite a modest circulation of 40,000 and Zambia's "anemic" economy, the paper quickly proved a financial success.[2]

Chiluba Era

As the only independent newspaper in Zambia,[3] The Post has frequently come into conflict with the government and in the first ten years of its existence alone was the target of more than fifty criminal and civil suits.[1] Though the paper supported Frederick Chiluba's Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD) in the 1991 election that ousted Kenneth Kaunda and won Chiluba the presidency, M'membe soon became critical of what he perceived as Chiluba's failure to live up to his campaign promises.[1]

Ahead of the 1996 general election, Chiluba's government increased its efforts to restrict independent media.[1] On 5 February 1996, The Post reported the MMD's plans to hold a referendum on constitutional changes. Chiluba's government banned the edition and charged M'membe, managing editor Bright Mwape, and special projects editor Masautso Phiri with possession of a banned publication and state secrets, causing the three to go into hiding for several weeks to avoid arrest. M'membe and Mwape surrendered to authorities in March and were sentenced to 24 days in a maximum security prison on charges of contempt of Parliament.[1] The charges were protested by the Committee to Protect Journalists, which launched a letter-writing campaign to secure the pair's release.[4]

In 1999, M'membe and ten members of his staff were charged with espionage following a Post article that stated that Zambia was unprepared to withstand possible military attack from Angola.[5] The newspaper's offices were also surrounded by police to prevent further publishing.[6] M'membe's co-defendants were acquitted by the Lusaka High Court on 18 August 2000, though the judge ruled that M'membe himself still had to answer the case.[7] M'membe himself was acquitted in December of the same year.[3]

In August 2001, M'membe was arrested again following an article in which he accused Chiluba of embezzlement. The article began, "It's very difficult to avoid calling President Frederick Chiluba a thief, because he is a thief. How else can one describe a person who steals?"[8] M'membe was charged with defaming the president, charges The New York Times described as "efforts to muzzle the press" ahead of impending elections.[8]

Post-Chiluba controversies

Though Chiluba was barred by the Constitution of Zambia from seeking a third term, he was succeeded by his former vice-president and fellow MMD member Levy Mwanawasa. M'membe soon found himself in conflict with Mwanawasa as he had with Chiluba, and was arrested on 12 February 2002 on defamation charges following publication of an article in which he quoted opposition lawmaker Dipak Patel as calling Mwanawasa a "cabbage," an apparent reference Mwanawasa's condition following a serious traffic accident that left him with slurred speech.[9] M'membe stated that he believed the charges to be "politically motivated", and that Patel (who was also issued a summons) was their primary target.[10]

During a June 2009 hospital strike, Post News Editor Chansa Kabwela forwarded Vice-President George Kunda pictures that had been given to the newspaper of a woman giving birth in the street, which she felt were important to share but too graphic to publish. The following month, she was arrested on a charge of "distributing obscene materials in order to corrupt the morals of society".[11] The charges against her were dismissed by a judge in November 2009, but after M'membe published an op-ed piece from a Zambian lawyer living abroad in Kabwela's support, he was charged with contempt of court.[11] He was convicted in June 2010 and sentenced to four months' hard labour.[12]

In July 2011, M'membe again faced a charge of contempt of court for defying a ban not to print "libelous" articles about presidential candidate (later president) Rupiah Banda.[13]

Recognition

M'membe was the third recipient of the Media Institute of Southern Africa's Press Freedom Award in 1995. MISA described him as "the most persecuted journalists in his country and the rest of the region."[14] Previous awardees include Onesimo Makani Kabweza and Basildon Peta.

In 1995, M'membe won the International Press Freedom Award of the Committee to Protect Journalists,[15] "an annual recognition of courageous journalism".[16]

In 2000, he was selected by the International Press Institute as one of 50 "World Press Freedom Heroes" of organisation's fifty years of existence.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Fred M'membe, Zambia: World Press Freedom Hero (Honoured in 2000)". International Press Institute. 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  2. 1 2 Jane Perlez (13 November 1991). "Newspaper gains Zambia's respect". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  3. 1 2 "World Briefing". The New York Times. 22 December 2000. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  4. ↑ "Attacks on the Press in 1996 – Zambia". Committee to Protect Journalists. 5 February 1996. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  5. ↑ "Zambian newspaper editor arrested". BBC News. 23 March 1999. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  6. ↑ "World Briefing". The New York Times. 12 March 1999. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  7. ↑ "Zambian journalists cleared of espionage". BBC News. 18 August 2000. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  8. 1 2 Henri E. Cauvin (25 August 2001). "Efforts to Muzzle the Press Spread in Southern Africa". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  9. ↑ "Zambia newspaper editor arrested". BBC News. 12 February 2002. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  10. ↑ "Zambia's cabbage case could backfire". BBC News. 14 February 2002. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  11. 1 2 Barry Bearak (13 July 2009). "In Zambia, Pictures of Birth, Mailed as Protest, Bring Arrest". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  12. ↑ "In Zambia, Post Editor Fred M'membe sent to prison". Committee to Protect Journalists. 4 June 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  13. ↑ "Post Newspaper Editor Fred M'membe loses bid to cross examine RB's lawyer". The Lusaka Times. 25 July 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  14. ↑ "MISA Press Freedom Award: Previous winners". Media Institute of Southern Africa. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  15. ↑ "Journalists Receive 1996 Press Freedom Awards". Committee to Protect Journalists. 1996. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  16. ↑ "CPJ International Press Freedom Awards 2011". Committee to Protect Journalists. 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
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