Fred Quilt inquiry

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The Fred Quilt inquiries were two coroner's inquests into the November 1971 death of Fred Quilt, an elder of the Tsilhqot'in First Nation in the Chilcotin Country region of the west-central British Columbia Interior. Members of Quilt's family alleged that he died days after being beaten by Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) constables. The inquest juries found no wrongdoing on the part of the RCMP. A group of activists formed the Fred Quilt Committee, which raised money for Quilt's family, later attempted to press criminal charges against the RCMP.

November 28, 1971

Incident

On November 28, 1971, the RCMP received a call about a pickup truck blocking Highway 20 around Alexis Creek near Williams Lake.^[1] RCMP constables Daryl Bakewell and Peter Eakins responded and found Fred Quilt along with three other members of his family in the pickup. Fred Quilt, who was 55, was arrested on charges of drunk driving.^[2] The RCMP constables alleged that the four were "extremely intoxicated" and that Fred Quilt had to be pulled from the truck where he fell to the ground. The two officers also claimed that Fred Quilt fell again as he was being taken to the police truck in which the four were driven to the nearby Anaham Reserve.^[3]

Death

Quilt complained of stomach pain that night and the following day, but refused to ride in an ambulance to Williams Lake's Cariboo Memorial Hospital (because the ambulance carried the body of a dead child). He instead went to the Stone Reserve until the following day when he was taken to Cariboo Memorial Hospital where he would die on November 30, 1971.^[4] Before his death he told a nurse at the hospital that a RCMP officer jumped up and down on him^[5] a claim which was supported by Quilt's wife, Christine, and sister-in-law, Agnes.^[3] An autopsy performed by Dr. Han Choo Lee found that Quilt died from peritonitis due to "complete severance of the small bowel".^[3]

Inquests

First Inquest

A coroner's inquest, held in January 1972, took place in Williams Lake.^[6] The Fred Quilt committee was represented by Harry Rankin, a famous lawyer, activist and one-time Vancouver Alderman.^[7] Rankin would later be called before the BC Law Society for telling Native representatives that the police didn't mind beating up an Indian, but they "didn't like to get caught."^[7] He was originally threatened with disbarment, but all charges were later dropped.^[7] The inquest conclusion rejected claims of police brutality as the cause of death.^[2]

Second Inquest

A second coroner's inquest was ordered to be held in Kamloops after Attorney General Leslie Peterson learned that some of the first inquest's jury members (who were all white, despite 60% of the area's population being indigenous) had close ties to the Williams Lake RCMP unit.^[4] The jury for the second inquest was made up of four men and two women, including two First Nation members.^[3] On August 4, 1972, the jury returned with an open verdict, saying Quilt's "injury was caused by way of an unknown blunt force applied by an unknown object to his lower abdomen."^[4] The jury also ruled that the injury happened sometime between moving Quilt from the pickup into the police vehicle. The jury did not lay blame on anyone for Quilt's death.^[4]

Christine Quilt dying confession cited in RCMP Report; admitted she caused husband's injury, not RCMP; also admitted to murder of Rose Setah in 1968; Stephen Hink's manslaughter conviction to be pardoned

On March 18, 1977, page 1, The Province newspaper reported that "Christine Quilt, widow of Chilcotin Indian Fred Quilt, confessed before her death that she backed their truck into him the night he was fatally injured in 1977, RCMP said Thursday." ^[8] "The new information is that Quilt was urinating behind the truck when his wife backed up the truck and knocked him down. Then she put Fred back in the cab of the truck before the RCMP arrived." ^[8] "RCMP Chief Supt. Gordon Dalton said Mrs. Quilt, who died of cancer last September, also confessed to the fatal shooting of Rose Setah on the Stone Lake Indian reserve near Williams Lake in 1968. The confessions could lead... to a pardon and possible compensation for Stephen Hink, who served a three-year prison term for manslaughter in the Setah case. [Dalton said,] 'Hink also had heard the rumours about Mrs. Quilt's confessions before police talked to him.'"^[8]

Fred Quilt Committee

The Fred Quilt Committee was a group of activists fighting for Fred Quilt's case. They regarded Fred Quilt's death as the RCMP beating to death of a First Nation elder. After the Second Inquest they voiced their disappointment of the verdict and released a statement that they would proceed with an attempt to start criminal charges against one of the RCMP members who were present at Fred Quilt's alleged beating.^[3] They also supported Fred Quilt's family after his death and attempted to raise money to buy his widow 20 head of cattle.^[3]

Bibliography

Notes

↑ Dawson 1998, p. 100
1 2 Clement 2009, p. 75
1 2 3 4 5 6 Province 1972, p. Cover.
1 2 3 4 "RCMP attitudes to native Canadians, 1972" (Audio). CBC News. July 15, 1972. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
↑ "Indians protest RCMP killing" (PDF). UVIC. The Martlet. 2009. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
↑ Nickel, Todd (April 2006). "Another look at courthouse past". Newsbreak 2006. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
1 2 3 Moran 1998, p. 49
1 2 3 Province 1977, p. Cover.

References

Clement, Dominique (2009). Canada's Rights Revolution: Social Movements and Social Change, 1937-82 (2009 ed.). UBC Press. ISBN 0-7748-1480-2. - Total pages: 296
Dawson, Michael (1998). The mountie from dime novel to Disney (1998 ed.). Between The Lines. ISBN 1-896357-16-4. - Total pages: 214
Moran, Bridget (1998). Judgement at Stoney Creek (1998 ed.). Arsenal pulp press. ISBN 1-55152-053-2. - Total pages: 201
"Use Kid Gloves A-G tells Police". The Province. August 4, 1972. p. Cover.
"Quilt 'confession' may reopen inquest, bring slaying pardon". The Province. March 18, 1977. p. Cover.

External links

July 1972 protest pamphlet calling for protest by the Fred Quilt Committee

Canadian Aboriginal law

Politics, law and legislation	Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada The Canadian Crown and Aboriginal peoples Canadian Indian residential school system High Arctic relocation Fred Quilt inquiry Ipperwash Crisis

Aboriginal law	Royal Proclamation of 1763 Constitution Act, 1867 Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982 Douglas Treaties 1969 White Paper Kelowna Accord Numbered Treaties Indian Act Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples First Nations treaties in British Columbia Indian Health Transfer Policy

Case law	Attorney General of Canada v. Lavell R. v. Badger Calder v. British Columbia (Attorney General) Chippewas of Sarnia Band v. Canada (Attorney General) Corbiere v. Canada (Minister of Indian and Northern Affairs) Daniels v. Canada Delgamuukw v. British Columbia Native Women's Association of Canada v. Canada Kruger and al. v. The Queen R. v. Marshall; R. v. Bernard R. v. Marshall Mitchell v. M.N.R. Paul v. British Columbia Paulette Caveat Powley ruling R. v. Drybones R. v. Gladstone R. v. Gonzales R. v. Guerin R. v. Jim R. v. Pamajewon R. v. Sparrow Re Eskimos St. Catherines Milling v. The Queen R. v. Van der Peet Tsilhqot'in Nation v. British Columbia

International rights & laws	Definitions and identity of indigenous peoples Declaration of Indigenous Peoples Rights United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Indigenous intellectual property

See also Index of Aboriginal Canadian-related articles

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