French legislative election, 1978

French legislative election, 1978

12 March and 19 March 1978

All 491 seats to the French National Assembly 246 seats were needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Jacques Chirac Jean Lecanuet Party RPR UDF Leader's seat Corrèze-3rd Seine-Maritime (Senator) Last election 183 seats (UDR) 119 seats (Reforming Movement, Centre, Democracy and Progress, and Independent Republicans) Seats won 150 121 Seat change 33 2 Popular vote 6,462,462 (1st round) 6,651,756 (2nd round) 6,128,849 (1st round) 3,489,363 (2nd round) Percentage 22.62% (1st round) 26.11% (2nd round) 21.45% (1st round) 23.18% (2nd round)   Third party Fourth party   Leader François Mitterrand Georges Marchais Party PS PCF Leader's seat Nièvre-3rd none Last election 102 seats 73 seats Seats won 104 86 Seat change 2 13 Popular vote 6,451,151 (1st round) 7,212,916 (2nd round) 5,870,402 (1st round) 4,744,868 (2nd round) Percentage 22.58% (1st round) 28.31% (2nd round) 20.55% (1st round) 18.62% (2nd round)

PM before election Raymond Barre UDF Elected PM Raymond Barre UDF

The French legislative elections took place on 12 March and 19 March 1978 to elect the sixth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.

On 2 April 1974 President Georges Pompidou died. The non-Gaullist center-right leader Valéry Giscard d'Estaing was elected to succeed him. Because the Gaullist UDR was the largest party in the pro-Giscard majority in the Assembly, Giscard chose Jacques Chirac to lead the cabinet. This period was one of renovation for Gaullism.

The presidential will to "govern towards the center" and to promote a "modern liberal society" disconcerted the Gaullist party. The Abortion Act and the reduction of the age of majority to 18 years worried a part of the conservative electorate. Furthermore, a personal conflict opposed the two heads of the executive. In August 1976, Chirac resigned because he considered that he "(had) not the means to carry on (his) function of Prime Minister".

Three months later, the UDR was replaced by the Rally for the Republic (Rassemblement pour la République or RPR). This, Chirac's electoral machine, was officially a member of the Presidential Majority, but frequently criticized the liberal and pro-European policy of President Giscard d'Estaing and his new Prime minister Raymond Barre. The executive duo reacted by federating the non-Gaullist center-right in the Union for French Democracy (Union pour la démocratie française or UDF).

While the right-wing majority was divided, and the economic situation deteriorated, the "Union of Left" won the mid-term local elections. According to the polls, it was favourite to win the legislative election. In his Verdun-sur-le-Doubs speech, President Giscard d'Estaing warned the French voters that he could not prevent the enforcement of the left-wing Common programme if the "Union of Left" won. However, Socialists and Communists did not update their Common programme due to increasing tension between the two parties resulting from the PS gaining in electoral success at the PCF's expense.

Contrary to what polls indicated, the Presidential Majority won but it obtained only 2,284 votes more than the "Union of Left". For the first time since 1936, the Socialists obtained more votes than the Communists. Furthermore, the French electorate appeared evenly shared between four equivalent political parties (RPR, UDF, PS, PCF). Raymond Barre was confirmed as Prime Minister. Until the French legislative election, 2007, it was the last time that either the right or the left had won back-to-back legislative elections.

Results

Parties and coalitions			1st round		2nd round		Total seats
			Votes	%	Votes	%
	Rally for the Republic (Rassemblement pour la République)	RPR	6,462,462	22.62	6,651,756	26.11	150
	Union for French Democracy (Union pour la démocratie française)	UDF	6,128,849	21.45	5,907,603	23.18	121
	Presidential Majority (Majorité présidentielle)	MAJ	684,985	2.39	305,763	1.20	16
Total "Presidential Majority" (Right)			13,276,296	46.46	12,865,122	50.49	287
	Socialist Party (Parti socialiste)	PS	6,451,151	22.58	7,212,916	28.31	104
	French Communist Party (Parti communiste français)	PCF	5,870,402	20.55	4,744,868	18.62	86
	Movement of Left Radicals (Mouvement des radicaux de gauche)	MRG	603,932	2.11	595,478	2.36	10
Total "Union of Left"			12,925,485	45.24	12,553,262	49.24	200
	Miscellaneous including the Unified Socialist Party (Parti socialiste unifié)		793,274	2.77	57,418	0.22	1 PSU
	Ecologists	ECO	621,100	2.14	-	-	-
	Far-Left		953,088	3.33	-	-	-
	Total		28,560,243	100	25,475,802	100	488
Abstention: 17.22% (1st round); 15.34% (2nd round)

^[1]

Popular vote (first round)
RPR			22.62%
PS			22.58%
UDF			21.45%
PCF			20.55%
EXG			3.34%
MAJ			2.40%
ECO			2.17%
MRG			2.11%
Others			2.78%

6th National Assembly by Parliamentary Group

Group		Members	Caucusing	Total
	RPR Group	143	11	154
	UDF Group	108	15	123
	Socialist Group	102	11	113
	Communist Group	86	0	86
	Non-Inscrits	15	0	15
	Total:	454	37	491

1. http://www.roi-president.com/elections_legislatives/legislatives_1978.php