GRES Estação Primeira de Mangueira

The Grêmio Recreativo Escola de Samba Mangueira is one of the most traditional and best supported Samba schools in Rio de Janeiro. It was founded on April 28, 1928 in Morro da Mangueira, near the region of Maracanã by Carlos Cachaça, Cartola, Zé Espinguela, Nelson Cavaquinho, among others. It is headquartered on Rua Visconde de Niterói, in the district of the same name.

History

Back in the days when samba was not highly regarded outside of the samba schools themselves, the community around Mangueira emerged as a pioneer of the Rio Carnival through its 'Cordões', in which a group of masked participants were led by a teacher with a whistle followed by a veritable percussion orchestra. In Mangueira, there were at least two Cordões: the Warriors of the Mountain Warriors (Guerreiros da Montanha) and the Triumphs of Mangueira (Triunfos da Mangueira). Later came the 'Ranches', which introduced several very important concepts to the carnival procession: the participation of women, floats, a theme to connect the procession, and the use of woodwind, brassed and string instrumentation (particularly plucked strings). They also added two special dancers, now known as master of ceremonies (mestre-sala) and flag bearer (porta-bandeira). Three ranches stood out in Mangueira: Drop of Love (Pingo de Amor), Pearl of Egypt (Pérola do Egito) and Princes of the Forest (Príncipes da Mata). By 1920 the 'carnival blocks' with elements taken from both the Cordão and Ranch traditions, along with the now familiar percussion block, debuted. These were a strong influence on the development of the other samba schools.

There was no lack of blocks in the Mangueira area. In just the Buraco Quente neighborhood, one could find the Tia Fé, Tia Tomázia and Mestre Candinho blocks. Most famous of all was the Block of Arengueiros (Bloco dos Arengueiros). It was Cartola, aged 19, who felt it was time to channel the natural gifts of the blocks' rogues and thus to show them in a more organized light, displaying the power and choreographic legacy of their African roots.

Then, on April 28, 1928, at a meeting at Travessa, Saião Lobato, aged 21, the arengueiros Zé Espinguela, "Seu" Euclides, Saturnino Gonçalves (father of Dona Neuma), Massu, Cartola, Pedro Cain and Abelardo Bolinha founded the First Station Block (Bloco Estação Primeira) - regarded as a predecessor to the present day carnival blocks and samba schools. This block was present at the first contest between samba dancers in the house of Zé Espinguela in 1929, one of the forerunners of the samba schools, along with Deixa Falar and Portela.

Cartola, who later married D.Zica, was the first bandmaster and musical director of the school and gave the final word on the choice of the name and colors: First Station - because it was the first railway stop from the Central of Brazil Railway Station where there was samba; green and pink as a tribute to a ranch that existed in Laranjeiras, the Arrepiados. Gradually all other blocks of the hill merged their associations to it and by the 1930's and 40's, Mangueira was already included in the list of "major" samba schools of the city.

Mangueira was the first samba school that created a composers' wing, and the first to maintain, since its foundation, a unique beat of the surdo leading in the school percussion section. On the symbol of the school, the surdo represents the samba, the laurels are the victories won as the general champion, the crown is the imperial district of São Cristóvão (Rio de Janeiro), and the stars, the victories. It was also the first one to develop an "front commission", or Comissão de Frente, as it is called in Portuguese and an official criterion for the parade contest, as a way for the school to show to the public the story concept for the year's event.

Mangueira holds 19 general championship titles, and 1 Super Cup, exclusively won only in 1984, the inauguration of the Sambódromo. The Green-and-Pink was the champion on the Carnival on Monday, Portela on Sunday. Three schools went on for the Championship Saturday where they competed in the Super Championship, and in the end the school won the general super championship of the year.

One of the most emblematic figures of the Mangueira samba was Jamelão, which was the official school singer from 1949 until 2006 (a record 57 years) and become a true "carnival and samba institution" in Rio, with his moody ways and his powerful voice. In 2006, Jamelão suffered a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) stroke and did not record the Mangueira theme song for the official 2007 Carnival CD, nor could he march with the school any longer. (From 1950 up that that year his voice was featured in every school Carnival LP and CD produced by the school.)

In 2007, Mangueira confronted various taboos. After 79 years, Mangueira celebrated the 80th anniversary opening the doors of its percussion drums section to women. The idea of the president of the Mangueira drums, Ivo Meirelles, to accept women in the battery of Green and Pink was controversial. Moreover, Preta Gil became queen of the Drums Section (or Queen of Drums) of the school, breaking a tradition of having only queens originating from the community, elected through a contest. Luizito replaced Jamelão as school singer. On the show, the school board prevented the big star Beth Carvalho from parading, and the legendary Nelson Sargento preferred not to parade either, possibly because his wife's costume had not been delivered. Such developments led to a certain unease in samba circles and a lot of criticism for the directors of contemporary samba schools.

In 2008, Mangueira underwent what many consider their worst crisis. First, their theme was not about the 100th Anniversary of Cartola, but, on the centenary of the frevo, which is not music from Rio but Pernambuco. Second, the choice of the Queen of Drums Section (in Portuguese Rainha de Bateria, and finally the involvement with the hill drug traffic, which resulted in a disappointing 10th place.

On June 14, 2008, the school lost one of its greatest icons: Jamelão, the victim of multiple organ failure. The loss of Jamelão left a huge void not only in the school but also in the whole of Brazil's samba community.

In 2009, after eight years as the head of the school, Max Lopes left and was replaced by the carnivalist Roberto Szaniecki. The theme was a tribute to the Brazilian people, based on the book O Povo Brasileiro, Formação e Sentido do Brasil, by professor, anthropologist and politician Darcy Ribeiro.

After the Carnival of 2009, there was an election, won by Ivo Meirelles, who decided to shakeup the structure of the school. Since then, new names have been hired and the first changes were the carnivalist Marcia Lage, the new MC and Flag Bearer, Raphael and Marcella Alves, and the creation of a trio called "The Three Tenors , comprising Luizito, Zé Paulo and Rixxah.

For 2010, the school chose the theme Mangueira is the Music of Brazil by Marcia Lage, who was removed and replaced by Jaime Cezário and Jorge Caribé.

The 2015 edition saw the school place 10th at the final standings - one of its worst finishes ever. The following year, its tribute to the beloved singer Maria Bethania saw it win it's 19th Carnival as the general champion for the Special Group. It also won its Gold Standard award (for best school and revelation of the Carvinal respectively).

Notable Mangueirenses

• Alcione
• Alexandre Borges
• Alexandre Pires
• Beth Carvalho
• Bezerra da Silva
• Caetano Veloso
• Carlinhos de Jesus
• Cartola
• Camila Pitanga
• Chico Buarque
• Chico Pinheiro
• Emílio Santiago
• Flávia Alessandra
• Gal Costa
• Isabel Fillardis
• Ivo Meirelles
• Júnior
• Leandra Leal
• Leci Brandão
• Lobão
• Maria Bethânia
• Maria Rita
• Milton Gonçalves
• Milton Nascimento
• Moreira da Silva
• Mussum
• Nelson Cavaquinho
• Preta Gil
• Raí
• Roberta Sá
• Rosemary
• Sérgio Cabral Filho
• Tiago Leifert
• Tom Jobim
• Vincent Cassel

Carnivals participated including championship years

Place		Group	Plot	Carnival Producer-Comiss	School Singer/s	Ref.
1929	Sambista Contest		Chega de demanda e Beijos	Sr. Armando		[1]
1930	Did not compete
1931
1932	Champion	ÚNICO	Sorrindo e Na floresta	Sr. Armando		[2]
1933	Champion	ÚNICO	Uma segunda-feira do Bonfim na Ribeira	Sr. Armando		[3][4]
1934	Champion	ÚNICO	República da Orgia	Sr. Armando		[4][5]
1935	1st runner up and Vice Champion	ÚNICO	O regresso de uma colheita na primavera	Sr. Armando		[6]
1936	1st runner up and Vice Champion	ÚNICO	Não quero mais amar a ninguém	Sr. Armando		[7]
1937	Did not compete					[8][9]
1938	Did not compete					[10]
1939	1st runner up and Vice Champion	ÚNICO	O Jardim	Sr. Armando		[11]
1940	Champion	ÚNICO	Prantos, pretos e poetas	Sr. Armando		[12]
1941	1st runner up and Vice Champion	ÚNICO	Pedro Ernesto	Sr. Armando		[13]
1942	3rd	ÚNICO	A vitória do Samba nas Américas	Sr. Armando		[14]
1943	1st runner up and Vice Champion	ÚNICO	Samba no Palácio do Itamarati	Sr. Armando		[15]
1944	1st runner up and Vice Champion	ÚNICO	Glória ao Samba	Sr. Armando		[16]
1945	1st runner up and Vice Champion	ÚNICO	Nossa História	Sr. Armando		[17]
1946	1st runner up and Vice Champion	ÚNICO	Carnaval da Vitória	Sr. Armando		[18]
1947	1st runner up and Vice Champion	ÚNICO	Brasil, Ciências e Artes	Sr. Armando		[19]
1948	4th	ÚNICO	Brasil, Tesouro Invejado	Sr. Armando	Xangô da Mangueira	[20]
1949	Champion	ÚNICO	Apoteose aos Mestres	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[21]
1950	Champion	ÚNICO	Plano SALTE - Saúde, alimentação, transporte e energia	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[22]
1951	3rd	UGESB	Unidade Nacional	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[23]
1952	Did not compete		Gonçalves Dias	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[24]
1953	3rd	1	Unidade Nacional	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[25]
1954	Champion	1	Rio de Janeiro, de ontem e de hoje	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[26]
1955	1st runner up and Vice Champion	1	Cântico à Natureza	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[27][28]
1956	3rd	1	O Grande Presidente	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[29]
1957	3rd	1	Emancipação Nacional - Rumo ao progresso	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[30]
1958	3rd	1	Canção do exílio	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[31]
1959	3rd	1	Brasil através dos tempos	Funcionários da Casa da Moeda	Jamelão	[32]
1960	Champion	1	Carnaval de todos os tempos	Roberto Paulino and Darque Dias Moreira	Jamelão	[33]
1961	Champion	1	Reminiscências do Rio Antigo	Roberto Paulino and Darque Dias Moreira	Jamelão	[34]
1962	4th	1	Casa-grande e senzala	Roberto Paulino and Darque Dias Moreira	Jamelão	[35]
1963	1st runner up and Vice Champion	1	Exaltação à Bahia	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[36]
1964	3rd	1	História de um preto velho	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[37]
1965	4th	1	Rio através dos séculos	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[38]
1966	1st runner up and Vice Champion	1	Exaltação à Villa-Lobos	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[39]
1967	Champion	1	O mundo encantado de Monteiro Lobato	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[40]
1968	Champion	1	Samba, festa de um povo	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[41]
1969	1st runner up and Vice Champion	1	Os Mercadores e suas tradições	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[42]
1970	3rd	1	Um Cântico à natureza	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[43]
1971	4th	1	Os Modernos bandeirantes	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[44]
1972	1st runner up and Vice Champion	1	Rio, Carnaval dos Carnavais	Carlos Alberto	Jamelão	[45]
1973	Champion	1	Lendas do Abaeté	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[46]
1974	4th	1	Mangueira em tempo de folclore	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[47]
1975	1st runner up and Vice Champion	1	Imagens poéticas de Jorge Lima	Elói Machado	Jamelão	[48]
1976	1st runner up and Vice Champion	1	No reino da Mãe do Ouro	Elói Machado	Jamelão	[49]
1977	7th	1	Panapanã, o segredo do amor	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[50]
1978	1st runner up and Vice Champion	1	Dos carroceiros do imperador ao Palácio do Samba	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[51]
1979	4th	1-A (first appearance)	Avatar… e a selva transformou-se em ouro	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[52]
1980	8th	1-A	Coisas nossas	Liana Silveira and Ecila Cirne	Jamelão	[53]
1981	4th	1-A	De Nonô a JK	Alcione Barreto and Elói Machado	Jamelão	[54]
1982	4th	1-A	As mil e uma noites cariocas	Fernando Pinto	Jamelão	[55]
1983	5th	1-A	Verde que te quero rosa… semente viva do samba	Max Lopes	Jamelão	[56]
1984	Champion	1-A	Yes, Nós Temos Braguinha	Max Lopes	Jamelão	[57][58]
1985	9th	1-A	Abram Alas que eu quero passar	Eloy Machado and Bia Dumont	Rubem da Mangueira	[59][60]
1986	Champion	1-A	Caymmi Mostra ao Mundo o que a Bahia e a Mangueira Têm	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[61]
1987	Champion	1-A	O Reino dos Palavras, Carlos Drummond de Andrade	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[62]
1988	Vice Champion	1	Cem Anos de Liberdade, Realidade ou Ilusão?	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[63]
1989	11th	1	Trinca de Reis	Júlio Mattos	Jamelão	[64]
1990	8th	Special (first appearance)	Deu a Louca no Barroco	Ernesto Nascimento and Cláudio Rodrigues	Jamelão	[65]
1991	12th	Special	As Três Rendeiras do Universo	Ernesto Nascimento and Cláudio Rodrigues	Jamelão	[66]
1992	6th	Special	Se Todos Fossem Iguais a Você	Ilvamar Magalhães	Jamelão	[67]
1993	5th	Special	Dessa Fruta Eu Como até o Caroço	Ilvamar Magalhães	Jamelão	[68]
1994	11th	Special	Atrás da Verde-e-Rosa Só Não Vai Quem Já Morreu	Ilvamar Magalhães	Jamelão	[69]
1995	6th	Special	A Esmeralda do Atlântico	Ilvamar Magalhães	Jamelão
1996	4th	Special	Os Tambores da Mangueria na Terra da Encantaria	Oswaldo Jardim	Jamelão
1997	3th	Special	O Olimpo é Verde e Rosa	Oswaldo Jardim	Jamelão
1998	Champion	Special	Chico Buarque da Mangueira	Alexandre Louzada	Jamelão
1999	7th	Special	O Século do Samba	Alexandre Louzada	Jamelão
2000	7th	Special	Dom Obá II, Rei dos Esfarrapados, Príncipe do Povo	Alexandre Louzada	Jamelão
2001	3th	Special	A Seiva da Vida	Max Lopes	Jamelão
2002	Champion	Special	Brazil com 'Z' é para Cabra da Peste, Brasil com 'S' é a Nação do Nordeste	Max Lopes	Jamelão
2003	Vice-Champion	Special	Os Dez Mandamentos: O Samba da Paz Canta a Saga da Liberdade	Max Lopes	Jamelão
2004	3th	Special	Mangueira Redescobre a Estrada Real…E Desse Eldorado Faz seu Carnaval	Max Lopes	Jamelão
2005	6th	Special	Mangueira Energiza a Avenida. O Carnaval é Pura Energia e a Energia é o Nosso Desafio	Max Lopes	Jamelão
2006	4th	Special	Das Águas do Velho Chico, Nasce um Rio de Esperança	Max Lopes	Jamelão
2007	3th	Special	Minha Pátria é Minha Língua, Mangueira Meu Grande Amor. Meu Samba Vai ao Lácio e Colhe a Última Flor	Max Lopes	Luizito
2008	10th	Special	100 Anos do Frevo, é de Perder o Sapato. Recife Mandou me Chamar…	Max Lopes	Luizito
2009	6th	Special	A Mangueira Traz Os Brasis do Brasil Mostrando a Formação do Povo Brasileiro	Roberto Szaniecki	Luizito
2010	6th	Special	Mangueira é Música do Brasil	Jaime Cezário and Jorge Caribé	Luizito, Zé Paulo and Rixxah
2011	3th	Special	O Filho Fiel, Sempre Mangueira	Mauro Quintaes and Wagner Gonçalves	Luizito, Zé Paulo and Ciganerey
2012	7th	Special	Vou festejar! Sou Cacique, sou Mangueira	Cid Carvalho	Luizito, Zé Paulo and Ciganerey
2013	8th	Special	Cuiabá: Um paraíso no Centro da América	Cid Carvalho	Luizito, Zé Paulo, Ciganerey and Agnaldo Amaral
2014	8th	Special	A festança brasileira cai no samba da Mangueira	Rosa Magalhães	Luizito
2015	10th	Special	Agora chegou a vez vou cantar: Mulher de Mangueira, Mulher brasileira em primeiro Lugar	Cid Carvalho	Luizito
2016	Champion	Special	Maria Bethânia: A Menina dos Olhos de Oyá	Leandro Vieira	Ciganerey	[70]

References

2. Portal Academia do Samba. "1932". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
3. Portal Academia do Samba. "1933". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
4. CABRAL, Sérgio, As Escolas de Samba do Rio de Janeiro, Lumiar Editora, Rio de Janeiro, 1996
5. Portal Academia do Samba. "1934". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
6. Portal Academia do Samba. "1935". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
7. Portal Academia do Samba. "1936". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
8. Portal Academia do Samba. "1937". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
9. O site da Mangueira diz que o enredo foi Cinco continentes, no entanto esta fonte pode não ser correta, uma vez que a mesma contabiliza a colocação obtida pela Unidos de Mangueira como sendo sua.
10. Portal Academia do Samba. "1938". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
11. Portal Academia do Samba. "1940". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
12. Portal Academia do Samba. "1940". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
13. Portal Academia do Samba. "1941". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
14. Portal Academia do Samba. "1942". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
15. Portal Academia do Samba. "1943". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
16. Portal Academia do Samba. "1944". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
17. Portal Academia do Samba. "1945". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
18. Portal Academia do Samba. "1946". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
19. Portal Academia do Samba. "1947". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
20. Portal Academia do Samba. "1948". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
21. Portal Academia do Samba. "1949". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
22. Portal Academia do Samba. "1950". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
23. Portal Academia do Samba. "1951". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
24. Portal Academia do Samba. "1952". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
25. Portal Academia do Samba. "1953". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
26. Portal Academia do Samba. "1954". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
27. Portal Academia do Samba. "1955". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
28. Louise Peres, para o VEJA Rio (2012-02-19). "Dez sambas-enredo inesquecíveis". Retrieved 2013-10-29.
29. Portal Academia do Samba. "1956". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
30. Portal Academia do Samba. "1957". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
31. Portal Academia do Samba. "1958". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
32. Portal Academia do Samba. "1959". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
33. Portal Academia do Samba. "1960". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
34. Portal Academia do Samba. "1961". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
35. Portal Academia do Samba. "1962". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
36. Portal Academia do Samba. "1963". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
37. Portal Academia do Samba. "1964". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
38. Portal Academia do Samba. "1965". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
39. Portal Academia do Samba. "1966". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
40. Portal Academia do Samba. "1967". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
41. Portal Academia do Samba. "1968". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
42. Portal Academia do Samba. "1969". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
43. Portal Academia do Samba. "1970". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
44. Portal Academia do Samba. "1971". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
45. Portal Academia do Samba. "1972". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
46. Portal Academia do Samba. "1973". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
47. Portal Academia do Samba. "1974". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
48. Portal Academia do Samba. "1975". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
49. Portal Academia do Samba. "1976". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
50. Portal Academia do Samba. "1977". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
51. Portal Academia do Samba. "1978". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
52. Portal Academia do Samba. "1979". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
53. Portal Academia do Samba. "1980". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
54. Portal Academia do Samba. "1981". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
55. Portal Academia do Samba. "1982". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
56. Portal Academia do Samba. "1983". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
57. Portal Academia do Samba. "1984 (segunda)". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
58. Portal Academia do Samba. "1984 (segunda)". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
59. Portal Academia do Samba. "1985". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
60. http://www.sambariocarnaval.com/index.php?sambando=jamelao
61. Portal Academia do Samba. "1986". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
62. Portal Academia do Samba. "1987". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
63. Portal Academia do Samba. "1988". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
64. Portal Academia do Samba. "1989". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
65. Portal Academia do Samba. "1990". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
66. Portal Academia do Samba. "1991". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
67. Portal Academia do Samba. "1992". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
68. Portal Academia do Samba. "1993". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
69. Portal Academia do Samba. "19991". Retrieved 2010-05-08.
70. "Maria Bethânia será homenageada pela Mangueira no Carnaval 2016". O Dia. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.

External links

• (Portuguese) Official Site
• Mangueira Samba-School Profile in English (English)
• (Portuguese) unofficial fan site