Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Systematic IUPAC name
3-O-α-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactopyranose | |
| Other names
Alpha-gal; 3-α-Galactobiose; Gal(α1-3)Gal; alpha-D-Gal-(1→3)-D-Gal | |
| Identifiers | |
| 7313-98-6 | |
| ChemSpider | 17346769 |
| Jmol interactive 3D | Image |
| PubChem | 16219440 |
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| Properties | |
| C12H22O11 | |
| Molar mass | 342.30 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, commonly known as alpha gal, is a carbohydrate found in most organisms' cell membranes. It is not found in primates, including humans, whose immune systems recognize it as a foreign body and produce xenoreactive immunoglobulin M antibodies, leading to organ rejection after transplantation.[1] It has also been suggested to play a role in an IgE-specific allergic response to some meats.[2] Recent studies are showing increasing evidence that this allergy may be induced by the bite of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum)[3] in North America and the castor bean tick (Ixodes ricincus) in Sweden.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ Cohen; et al. (2000). "Renal xenografts from triple transgenic pigs are not hyperacutley rejected but cause coagulopathy in non-immunosuppressed baboons".
- ↑ Williams, Louise (December 27, 2013). "Just one bite". Sydney Morning Herald (Australia). p. 20.
- ↑ "Bad bite: Doctors see surge of sudden meat allergies caused by ticks that are spreading in US" USNews, July 7, 2014
- ↑ Hamsten, C; Starkhammar, M; Tran, T. A.; Johansson, M; Bengtsson, U; Ahlén, G; Sällberg, M; Grönlund, H; Van Hage, M (2013). "Identification of galactose-α-1,3-galactose in the gastrointestinal tract of the tick Ixodes ricinus; possible relationship with red meat allergy". Allergy 68 (4): 549–52. doi:10.1111/all.12128. PMID 23414348.
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