Isotopes of gallium

Natural gallium (Ga) consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes: gallium-69 and gallium-71. The most commercially important radioisotopes are gallium-67 and gallium-68.

Gallium-67 (half-life 3.3 days) is a gamma-emitting isotope (the gamma emitted immediately after electron-capture) used in standard nuclear medical imaging, in procedures usually referred to as gallium scans. It is usually used as the free ion, Ga3+. It is the longest-lived radioisotope of gallium.

The shorter-lived gallium-68 (half-life 68 minutes) is a positron-emitting isotope generated from germanium-68 in gallium-68 generators, for use in a small minority of diagnostic PET scans. For this use, it is usually attached as a tracer to a carrier molecule, which gives the resulting radiopharmaceutical a different tissue-uptake specificity from the ionic Ga-67 radioisotope normally used in standard gallium scans.

Relative atomic mass: 69.723(1)

Table

nuclide
symbol
Z(p) N(n)  
isotopic mass (u)
 
half-life decay
mode(s)[1][n 1]
daughter
isotope(s)[n 2]
nuclear
spin
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
56Ga 31 25 55.99491(28)# p 55Zn 3+#
57Ga 31 26 56.98293(28)# p 56Zn 1/2−#
58Ga 31 27 57.97425(23)# p 57Zn 2+#
59Ga 31 28 58.96337(18)# p 58Zn 3/2−#
60Ga 31 29 59.95706(12)# 70(10) ms β+ 60Zn (2+)
61Ga 31 30 60.94945(6) 168(3) ms β+ 61Zn 3/2−
62Ga 31 31 61.944175(30) 116.18(4) ms β+ 62Zn 0+
63Ga 31 32 62.9392942(14) 32.4(5) s β+ 63Zn (3/2−)
64Ga 31 33 63.9368387(22) 2.627(12) min β+ 64Zn 0(+#)
64mGa 42.85(8) keV 21.9(7) Âµs 2+
65Ga 31 34 64.9327348(9) 15.2(2) min β+ 65Zn 3/2−
66Ga 31 35 65.931589(3) 9.49(7) h β+ 66Zn 0+
67Ga[n 3] 31 36 66.9282017(14) 3.2612(6) d EC 67Zn 3/2−
68Ga[n 4] 31 37 67.9279801(16) 67.71(9) min β+ 68Zn 1+
69Ga 31 38 68.9255736(13) Stable 3/2− 0.60108(9)
70Ga 31 39 69.9260220(13) 21.14(3) min β− (99.59) 70Ge 1+
EC (0.41%) 70Zn
71Ga 31 40 70.9247013(11) Stable 3/2− 0.39892(9)
72Ga 31 41 71.9263663(11) 14.095(3) h β− 72Ge 3-
72mGa 119.66(5) keV 39.68(13) ms IT 72Ga (0+)
73Ga 31 42 72.9251747(18) 4.86(3) h β− 73Ge 3/2−
74Ga 31 43 73.926946(4) 8.12(12) min β− 74Ge (3-)
74mGa 59.571(14) keV 9.5(10) s (0)
75Ga 31 44 74.9265002(26) 126(2) s β− 75Ge (3/2)−
76Ga 31 45 75.9288276(21) 32.6(6) s β− 76Ge (2+,3+)
77Ga 31 46 76.9291543(26) 13.2(2) s β− 77Ge (3/2−)
78Ga 31 47 77.9316082(26) 5.09(5) s β− 78Ge (3+)
79Ga 31 48 78.93289(11) 2.847(3) s β− (99.911%) 79mGe (3/2−)#
β−, n (.089%) 78Ge
80Ga 31 49 79.93652(13) 1.697(11) s β− (99.11%) 80Ge (3)
β−, n (.89%) 79Ge
81Ga 31 50 80.93775(21) 1.217(5) s β− (88.11%) 81mGe (5/2−)
β−, n (11.89%) 80Ge
82Ga 31 51 81.94299(32)# 0.599(2) s β− (78.5%) 82Ge (1,2,3)
β−, n (21.5%) 81Ge
83Ga 31 52 82.94698(32)# 308(1) ms β− (60%) 83Ge 3/2−#
β−, n (40%) 82Ge
84Ga 31 53 83.95265(43)# 0.085(10) s β−, n (70%) 83Ge
β− (30%) 84Ge
85Ga 31 54 84.95700(54)# 50# ms [>300 ns] 3/2−#
86Ga 31 55 85.96312(86)# 30# ms [>300 ns]
  1. ↑ Abbreviations:
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
  2. ↑ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
  3. ↑ Deexcitation gamma used in medical imaging
  4. ↑ Medically useful radioisotope

Notes

References

  1. ↑ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (registration required (help)).
Isotopes of zinc Isotopes of gallium Isotopes of germanium
Table of nuclides
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