George Howard Earle III

George Howard Earle III
United States Ambassador to Bulgaria
In office February 14, 1940 – April 2, 1940
President	Franklin Roosevelt
Preceded by	Ray Atherton
Succeeded by	Donald Heath
Member of the Democratic National Committee from Pennsylvania
In office May 22, 1936[1] – February 21, 1940[2]
Preceded by	Sedgwick Kistler
Succeeded by	David Lawrence
30th Governor of Pennsylvania
In office January 15, 1935 – January 17, 1939
Lieutenant	Thomas Kennedy
Preceded by	Gifford Pinchot
Succeeded by	Arthur James
United States Minister to Austria
In office July 24, 1933 – March 25, 1934
President	Franklin Roosevelt
Preceded by	Gilchrist Baker Stockton
Succeeded by	George Messersmith
Personal details
Born	December 5, 1890 Devon, Pennsylvania
Died	December 30, 1974 (aged 84) Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	Harvard University

George Howard Earle III (December 5, 1890 – December 30, 1974) was an American politician and diplomat. He was a member of the prominent Earle family. Earle served as the U.S. Minister to Austria from 1933 to 1934, and as the 30th Governor of Pennsylvania from January 15, 1935 to January 17, 1939. Earle was one of just two Democrats that served as Governor of Pennsylvania between the Civil War and World War II.

Early life

Earle grew up on a Montgomery County estate as the son of George Howard Earle, Jr. and Catharine H. French, a wealthy family that traced its lineage in America to the arrival of the Mayflower. He received a degree from Harvard University and subsequently worked abroad in a family-owned sugar business. He enlisted in the military in 1916 and was assigned to the Mexican border during the Pancho Villa Expedition. After the United States entered World War I, Earle commanded the U.S.S. Victor, a submarine chaser which was also his private yacht. He earned the Navy Cross in 1918 after averting a fatal explosion. After the war, Earle returned to private business, particularly in the sugar industry. Though raised as a Republican, Earle joined the Democratic Party over disillusionment with the Republican Party's handling of the Great Depression. After campaigning for Franklin Roosevelt in the 1932 election, Earle served as Ambassador to Austria from 1933 to 1934. Earle looked warily upon the Nazi Party, and warned the FDR Administration of the potential danger of Nazi Germany.^[3][4]

Governorship

Although Pennsylvania had not elected a Democratic governor in over forty years, Earle defeated Republican Attorney General William A. Schnader in the 1934 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election. Though Earle faced a split legislature in the first half of his term, his party gained control of both chambers of the Pennsylvania legislature in the 1936 election.^[4] An ardent Roosevelt admirer, Earle rolled out an ambitious "Little New Deal," which resulted in the introduction of a record 3514 bills during the 1935-36 session of the Pennsylvania General Assembly. His administration created a centralized Department of Public Assistance that was designed to ensure uniform allocation of relief payments. Earle's government also sought to ameliorate ongoing labor strife by increasing union bargaining rights and eliminating the private police forces operated by many of the influential coal and steel companies. Pennsylvania Turnpike construction also began during his tenure. Other bills passed include Pennsylvania's first gasoline and cigarette tax, teacher tenure, and a maximum forty-hour work week. Earle's administration relaxed Pennsylvania's Blue laws, passed the nation's first milk control law, and outlawed company police forces hired by mining companies.^[3]

Earle's "Little New Deal" earned him a place on the cover of Time Magazine in 1937, and a Gallup poll that same year saw him named the nation's third most popular Democrat (after the president and vice president).^[4] However, Earle also became known for his mercurial temperament and his administration was plagued by high profile corruption charges involving his top officials. Earle's poor relationship with the state's judicial hierarchy resulted in one of his central policy goals, the imposition of a graduated income tax, being declared unconstitutional.^[5] Earle, who was constitutionally ineligible to run for a second consecutive term as governor, ran for the Senate in 1938, but lost to incumbent Republican James J. Davis.^[3] Earle's loss to Davis coincided with a Republican landslide that saw Republicans re-gain control of the legislature and governorship.^[4] Pennsylvania would not elect another Democratic governor until 1954.

Post-governorship

In 1940, Earle was appointed as Ambassador to Bulgaria. During World War II, he served again in the United States Navy, this time as Lieutenant Commander and as a special emissary to the Balkans, where Earle proposed a plan that he believed might bring the war in Europe to an early end. The German ambassador and the head of the German secret service had secretly proposed a coup against Adolf Hitler that would end with Hitler turned over to the US as a war criminal, but the plot was not approved by the US government.^[6]

In 1944, President Roosevelt assigned Earle to compile information on the Katyń massacre, the massacre of the Polish intelligentsia by the Soviet government. Earle did so, using contacts in Bulgaria and Romania, and concluded that the Soviet Union was guilty. After consulting with Elmer Davis, the director of the Office of War Information, Roosevelt rejected Earle's conclusion, saying that he was convinced of the responsibility of Nazi Germany, and ordered Earle's report suppressed. At this time, the United States and Soviet Union were still fighting Nazi Germany and Japan. When Earle formally requested permission to publish his findings, the President gave him a written order to desist. Earle was reassigned and spent the rest of World War II in American Samoa.^[7]

After the war, Earle served as assistant governor of American Samoa, and then returned to the private sector. Ambassador Ralph Earle II is his son.^[3]

References

1. "Earle Victory in Committee Election Seen". The Reading Eagle. May 22, 1936. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
2. "Earle Resigns Committee Post". The Christian Science Monitor. February 21, 1940. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
3. "Governor George Howard Earle III". State historic preservation office. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
4. "George H. Earle III Historical Marker". Explore PA History.com. WITF. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
5. https://books.google.com/books?id=6SpJJmkNDFEC&pg=PA119&dq=governor+george+earle&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bKDYUo2UNO_IsAT6oYLgCQ&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=governor%20george%20earle&f=false
6. "George Howard Earle", Governors of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, David Martin, "How FDR Dragged out WW II for Stalin
7. Fischer, Benjamin B., "The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field", Studies in Intelligence, Winter 1999-2000

External links

George Howard Earle III at Find a Grave