Glenda Jackson
| Glenda Jackson CBE | |
|---|---|
 Jackson in 1971 | |
| Member of Parliament for Hampstead and Kilburn Hampstead and Highgate (1992–2010) | |
|
In office 9 April 1992 – 30 March 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Geoffrey Finsberg |
| Succeeded by | Tulip Siddiq |
| Majority | 42 (0.1%) |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
9 May 1936 Birkenhead, Cheshire, England |
| Political party | Labour |
| Spouse(s) | Roy Hodges (1958–1976) |
| Children | Dan Hodges |
| Alma mater | Royal Academy of Dramatic Art |
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Glenda May Jackson, CBE (born 9 May 1936) is a British actress and Labour Party politician. She first became a Member of Parliament (MP) in 1992, and represented Hampstead and Kilburn until 2015.
As a professional actress from the late 1950s, she spent four years as a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company from 1964, being particularly associated with the work of director Peter Brook. During her film career, she won two Academy Awards for Best Actress: for Women in Love (1970) and A Touch of Class (1973). Other award-winning performances include Alex in the film Sunday Bloody Sunday (1971) and the BBC television serial Elizabeth R (also 1971); for the latter she received an Emmy.
From 1992 to 2010, Jackson was the MP for Hampstead and Highgate, and early in the government of Tony Blair served as a Junior Transport minister from 1997 to 1999, later becoming critical of Blair. After constituency boundary changes for the 2010 general election, her majority of 42 votes was one of the closest results of the entire election.[2] She announced in 2011 that she would stand down as an MP at the 2015 general election.
Early life and career
Jackson was born in Birkenhead on the Wirral, Cheshire, where her father was a builder, and her mother worked in shops and as a cleaner.[3] Jackson was educated at the West Kirby County Grammar School for Girls, and performed at the Towns Women's Guild drama group during her teens.[3] She worked for two years in a branch of the Boots the Chemist chain before taking up a scholarship in 1954 to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.[4]
Jackson made her professional stage debut in Terence Rattigan's Separate Tables in 1957 while at RADA.[5] and appeared in repertory for the next six years.[6] Her film debut was a bit part in This Sporting Life (1963). A member of the Royal Shakespeare Company for four years from 1964, she originally joined for director Peter Brook's 'Theatre of Cruelty' season which included Peter Weiss' Marat/Sade (1965) in which she played an inmate of an asylum portraying Charlotte Corday, the assassin of Marat.[7] The production ran on Broadway in 1965 and in Paris[6] (Jackson appeared in the 1967 film version) and Jackson also appeared as Ophelia in Peter Hall's production of Hamlet in the same year.[8] Critic Penelope Gilliatt thought Jackson was the only Ophelia she had seen who was ready to play the Prince himself.[9] The RSC's staging at the Aldwych Theatre of US (1966), a protest play against the Vietnam War, also featured Jackson, and she appeared in its film version, Tell Me Lies.[10] Later that year, she starred in the psychological drama Negatives (1968), which was not a huge financial success, but won her more good reviews.
Critical and commercial success
Jackson's starring role in Ken Russell's film of Women in Love (1969) led to her winning her first Academy Award for Best Actress. Brian McFarlane, the main author of The Encyclopedia of British Film, has written: "Her blazing intelligence, sexual challenge and abrasiveness were at the service of a superbly written role in a film with a passion rare in the annals of British cinema."[11] In the process of gaining funding for The Music Lovers (1970) from United Artists, Russell explained it as "the story of a homosexual who marries a nymphomaniac",[12] the couple being the composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Richard Chamberlain) and Antonina Miliukova played by Jackson. This film received mixed reviews in the U.S.: the anonymous reviewer in Variety wrote of the two principals "Their performances are more dramatically bombastic than sympathetic, or sometimes even believable".[13] Jackson was initially interested in the role of Sister Jeanne in The Devils (1971), Russell's next film, but turned it down after script rewrites and deciding that she did not wish to play a third neurotic character in a row.[14]
In order to play Queen Elizabeth I in the BBC's serial Elizabeth R (1971), Jackson had her head shaved. After the series was shown on PBS in the US, Jackson received two Emmy Awards for her performance. She also portrayed Queen Elizabeth in the film Mary, Queen of Scots, and gained a BAFTA for her role in John Schlesinger's Sunday Bloody Sunday (both 1971).[15] In that year British exhibitors voted her the 6th most popular star at the British box office,[16] and she appeared in a comedy sketch as Cleopatra for The Morecambe and Wise Show.
Filmmaker Melvin Frank saw her comedic potential, on the Morecambe and Wise Show (where she appeared on several occasions,most notably in the celebrated 'Cleopatra' sketch), and offered her the lead female role in his next project. She gained a second Academy Award for Best Actress for A Touch of Class (1973). She continued to work in the theatre, and returned to the RSC to play the lead role in Ibsen's Hedda Gabler. A later film version directed by Nunn was released as Hedda (1975) for which Jackson was nominated for an Oscar. In 1978, she scored box office success in the United States in the romantic comedy House Calls, which co-starred Walter Matthau. Jackson and Matthau teamed again in the comedy Hopscotch (1980), which was a mild success, but not as popular that had been expected.
For her 1980 appearance on The Muppet Show, she told the producers that she would perform any material they liked; this turned out to be a role where she has a delusion that she is a pirate captain who hijacks the Muppet Theatre as her ship.
Later acting career
In 1985, she appeared on Broadway as Nina Leeds in a revival of Eugene O'Neill's Strange Interlude at the Nederlander Theatre in a production which had originated in London the previous year and ran for eight weeks.[3] John Beaufort for The Christian Science Monitor wrote: "Bravura is the inevitable word for Miss Jackson's display of feminine wiles and brilliant technique."[17] Frank Rich, in The New York Times thought Jackson, "with her helmet of hair and gashed features", when Leeds is a young woman, "looks like a cubist portrait of Louise Brooks", and later when the character has aged several decades, is "mesmerizing as a Zelda Fitzgeraldesque neurotic, a rotting and spiteful middle-aged matron and, finally, a spent, sphinx-like widow happily embracing extinction."[18] Herbert Wise directed a British television version of O'Neill's drama which was first broadcast in the US as part of PBS's American Playhouse in January 1988.[19]
In 1989, Jackson appeared in Ken Russell's The Rainbow, playing Anna Brangwen, mother of Gudrun, the part which had won her her first Academy Award twenty years earlier. Also in that year she played Martha in a Los Angeles production of Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? at the Doolittle Theatre (now the Ricardo Montalbán Theatre). Directed by the playwright himself, this staging featured John Lithgow as George. Dan Sullivan in the Los Angeles Times wrote that Jackson and Lithgow performed "with the assurance of dedicated character assassins, not your hire-and-salary types" with the actors being able to display their character's capacity for antipathy.[20] Albee was disappointed with this production, pointing to Jackson whom he thought "had retreated back to the thing she can do very well, that ice cold performance. I don't know whether she got scared, but in rehearsal she was being Martha, and the closer we got to opening the less Martha she was!".[21]
She performed the lead role in Howard Barker's Scenes from an Execution as Galactia, a sixteenth century female Venetian artist, at the Almeida Theatre in 1990.[22] It was an adaptation of Barker's 1984 radio play in which Jackson had played the same role.[23]
Political career
Jackson retired from acting in order to stand for election to the House of Commons in the 1992 general election, subsequently becoming the Labour MP for Hampstead and Highgate. Following a period as shadow minister for transport, following the 1997 general election, she was appointed as parliamentary under secretary of state (a junior minister) in the government of Prime Minister Tony Blair,[24] with responsibility for London Transport, a post from which she resigned in 1999 before an unsuccessful attempt to be nominated as the Labour Party candidate for the election of the first Mayor of London in 2000. In the 2005 general election, she received 14,615 votes, representing 38.29% of the votes cast in the constituency.
As a high profile backbencher, she became a regular critic of Blair over his plans to introduce higher education tuition fees in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. She also called for him to resign following the Judicial Enquiry by Lord Hutton in 2003 surrounding the reasons for going to war in Iraq and the death of government adviser Dr. David Kelly. Jackson was generally considered to be a traditional left-winger, often disagreeing with the dominant Blairite governing Third Way faction in the Labour Party. Jackson is also a republican.[25]
By October 2005, her problems with Blair's leadership swelled to a point where she threatened to challenge the Prime Minister as a stalking horse candidate in a leadership contest if he did not stand down within a reasonable amount of time. On 31 October 2006, Jackson was one of 12 Labour MPs to back Plaid Cymru and the Scottish National Party's call for an inquiry into the Iraq War.[26]
Her constituency boundaries changed for the 2010 general election. The Gospel Oak and Highgate wards became part of Holborn & St Pancras, and the new Hampstead & Kilburn constituency switched into Brent to include Brondesbury, Kilburn and Queens Park wards (from the old Brent East and Brent South seats). On 6 May 2010, Jackson was elected as the MP for the new Hampstead and Kilburn constituency with a margin of 42 votes over Conservative Chris Philp, with the Liberal Democrat candidate Edward Fordham less than a thousand votes behind them. She had the second closest result and second smallest majority of any MP in the 2010 election.
In June 2011, Jackson announced that, presuming the Parliament elected in 2010 lasted until 2015, she would not seek re-election. She explained "I will be almost 80 and by then it will be time for someone else to have a turn".[27] The eventual election was held two days before her 79th birthday.
In April 2013, Jackson gave a speech in parliament over discussion about the death of Margaret Thatcher.[28] In a scathing speech criticising Thatcher's policies, she accused Thatcher of treating "vices as virtues" and stated that because of Thatcherism England was susceptible to unprecedented unemployment rates and homelessness.[29]
Another speech of Jackson's went viral in June 2014 when she gave a scathing assessment of Iain Duncan Smith's tenure as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, telling him that he was responsible for the "destruction of the welfare state and the total and utter incompetence of his department."[30][31]
Personal life and honours
Jackson has a son, Dan Hodges, born in 1969 from her marriage to Roy Hodges; he is a Labour Party advisor and commentator,[32] and a well-known political blogger who describes himself as a "Blairite cuckoo".[33] She was five months pregnant when filming on Women in Love was completed.[34] Her marriage to Hodges lasted from 1958 until their divorce in 1976.[35]
In 1978, she was awarded a CBE.
Filmography
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1956 | The Extra Day | Extra | uncredited |
| 1957–1961 | ITV Play of the Week | Jurywoman / Iris Jones | episode: Doctor Everyman's Hour episode: A Voice in Vision |
| 1963 | This Sporting Life | Singer at Party | uncredited |
| Z-Cars | WPC Fenley / Hospital Nurse | episode: By the Book episode: Act of Vengeance | |
| 1967 | Half Hour Story | Claire Foley | episode: Which of These Two Ladies Is He Married To? |
| Marat/Sade | Charlotte Corday | ||
| 1968 | Tell Me Lies | Guest | |
| Negatives | Vivien | ||
| 1965–1968 | The Wednesday Play | Julie / Cathy | episode: Let's Murder Vivaldi episode: Horror of Darkness |
| 1969 | Women in Love | Gudrun Brangwen | (released on 25 March 1970 in U.S. theaters)
|
| ITV Saturday Night Theatre | Marina Palek | episode: Salve Regina | |
| 1970 | Play of the Month | episode: Howards End | |
| The Music Lovers | Antonina 'Nina' Milyukova | ||
| 1971 | Sunday Bloody Sunday | Alex Greville | |
| Boy Friend, TheThe Boy Friend | Rita | uncredited | |
| Elizabeth R | Queen Elizabeth I |
| |
| Mary, Queen of Scots | Queen Elizabeth I | ||
| 1972 | Triple Echo, TheThe Triple Echo | Alice | |
| 1973 | Touch of Class, AA Touch of Class | Vicki Allessio |
|
| Bequest to the Nation | Lady Hamilton | ||
| 1974 | The Devil Is a Woman | Sister Geraldine | |
| 1975 | Romantic Englishwoman, TheThe Romantic Englishwoman | Elizabeth Fielding | |
| The Maids | Solange | ||
| Hedda | Hedda Gabler | ||
| 1976 | Incredible Sarah, TheThe Incredible Sarah | Sarah Bernhardt | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama |
| 1977 | Nasty Habits | Sister Alexandra | |
| 1978 | House Calls | Ann Atkinson | |
| Stevie | Stevie Smith | ||
| 1979 | Class of Miss MacMichael, TheThe Class of Miss MacMichael | Conor MacMichael | |
| Lost and Found | Tricia | ||
| 1980 | Hopscotch | Isobel | |
| Health | Isabella Garnell | ||
| The Morecambe and Wise Show | Woman Kissed by Eric | episode: 1980 Christmas Show | |
| 1981 | Patricia Neal Story, TheThe Patricia Neal Story | Patricia Neal | |
| 1982 | Return of the Soldier, TheThe Return of the Soldier | Margaret Grey | |
| Giro City | Sophie | ||
| 1984 | Sakharov | Yelena Bonner (Sakharova) | |
| 1985 | Turtle Diary | Neaera Duncan | |
| 1987 | Beyond Therapy | Charlotte | |
| 1988 | Business as Usual | Babs Flynn | |
| American Playhouse | Nina Leeds | episode: Strange Interlude | |
| Salome's Last Dance | Herodias / Lady Alice | ||
| 1989 | Rainbow, TheThe Rainbow | Anna Brangwen | |
| Doombeach | Miss | ||
| 1990 | King of the Wind | Queen Caroline | |
| T-Bag's Christmas Ding Dong | Vanity Bag | ||
| Real Story of Humpty Dumpty, TheThe Real Story of Humpty Dumpty | Glitch the Witch | (voice) | |
| 1991 | House of Bernarda Alba, TheThe House of Bernarda Alba | Bernarda Alba | TV movie |
| A Murder of Quality | Ailsa Brimley | TV movie | |
| 1992 | Secret Life of Arnold Bax, TheThe Secret Life of Arnold Bax | Harriet Cohen | TV movie
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Awards
1971: Won Best Actress in a Leading Role – Women in Love
1972: Nominated Best Actress in a Leading Role – Sunday Bloody Sunday
1974: Won Best Actress in a Leading Role – A Touch of Class
1976: Nominated Best Actress in a Leading Role – Hedda
2006: Ibsen Centennial Commemoration Award
References
- ↑ "Glenda Jackson". The Film Programme. 6 July 2007. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
- ↑ Andy Bloxom (7 May 2010). "General Election 2010: the 10 closest battles". The Telegraph (London: telegraph.co). Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- 1 2 3 Andrea Chambers "With More Than a Touch of Sass and Stamina, Glenda Jackson Enjoys Her Strange Interlude Oh Broadway", People, 23:11, 18 March 1985
- ↑ Jennifer Uglow, et al. The Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography. London: Macmillan, 1999, p. 276 (US: Boston: Northeastern University Press)
- ↑ D. Keith Peacock "Jackson, Glenda [May]" in Colin Chambers (ed) The Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre, London: Continuum, 2002 [2005], p.398
- 1 2 "Glenda Jackson (1936- )", in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999 ISBN 9780192800916
- ↑ David Edgar "The best performance I've ever seen", The Guardian, 18 July 2010
- ↑ "Hamlet: Past Productions: On the RSC stage - 1965", BBC
- ↑ Penelope Gilliatt "Making Sunday Bloody Sunday", The Criterion Collection, reprint of Gilliatt's introduction to the US publication of the script (1971).
- ↑ "Peter Brook Returns to the RSC to Host a Theatre of Protest Event", RSC, October 2011. A documentary of the stage production also exists, see Stuart Heaney "Benefit of the Doubt (1967)", BFI screenonline
- ↑ Brian McFarlane (ed.) The Encyclopedia of British Film, London: Methuen/BFI, 2003, p.339; "Jackson, Glenda (1936-)", BFI screenonline
- ↑ David Del Valle "Camp David June 2012: Tchiakovsky is Just Not That Into You", Films in Review, 20 June 2012
- ↑ "Review: The Music Lovers", Variety, 31 December 1970
- ↑ Richard Crouse Raising Hell: Ken Russell and the Unmaking of The Devils, ECW Press, 2012, p.47-48
- ↑ "Film: Actress in 1972", BAFTA
- ↑ Peter Waymark. "Richard Burton top draw in British cinemas." The Times [London] 30 December 1971: 2. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 11 July 2012.
- ↑ John Beaufort "Lively revival of O'Neill's stormy Strange Interlude", Christian Science Monitor, 26 February 1985
- ↑ Frank Rich "Theater: A Fresh Look for O'Neill's Interlude", New York Times, 22 February 1985
- ↑ John J. O'Connor " TV Reviews; Glenda Jackson in 'Strange Interlude'", New York Times, 18 January 1988
- ↑ Dan Sullivan "Stage Review: A Lower-Key George and Martha", Los Angeles Times, 6 October 1989
- ↑ Stephen J. Bottoms Albee: Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p.67-68
- ↑ Matt Wolf "Theater; A New London Theater Team Is Attracting Stars", New York Times, 11 March 1990
- ↑ Jane Milling Modern British Playwriting: The 1980s: Voices, Documents, New Interpretations, A & C Black, 2012, p.30
- ↑ "Ms Glenda Jackson, CBE, MP Authorised Biography", Debrett's
- ↑ Template:Cite pubweb
- ↑ "Labour MPs who rebelled on Iraq". BBC News. 31 October 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-31.
- ↑ Graham, Georgia (23 June 2011). "Glenda Jackson won’t stand in next election". Ham & High.
- ↑ "Glenda Jackson criticises Margaret Thatcher in Commons debate - video". The Guardian (London). 11 April 2013.
- ↑ "Labour MP Glenda Jackson shatters the love during parliament tributes". The Australian. 12 April 2013.
- ↑ "People Are Going Absolutely Crazy For This Clip Of An MP Attacking Iain Duncan Smith". BuzzFeed. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
- ↑ ""He’s floating so high on his self-appointed sanctity": watch Glenda Jackson lay in to Iain Duncan Smith". New Statesman. 1 July 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
- ↑ Ian Hall (28 February 2003). "Profile: Dan Hodges, Freedom To Fly". PR Week (prweek.com). Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ↑ "Dan Hodges". The Daily Telegraph (London).
- ↑ "Biography for Glenda Jackson". imdb.com. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ↑ "Milestones". Time (Time.com). 9 February 1976. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Glenda Jackson. |
- Glenda Jackson MP official constituency website
- Camden Labour Party
- Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 1803–2005
- Current session contributions in Parliament at Hansard
- Voting record at Public Whip
- Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou
- Profile at Westminster Parliamentary Record
- Profile at BBC News Democracy Live
- Articles authored at Journalisted
- Glenda Jackson at the Internet Movie Database
- Glenda Jackson at the Internet Broadway Database
- Glenda Jackson at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Geoffrey Finsberg |
Member of Parliament for Hampstead and Highgate 1992–2010 |
Constituency abolished |
| New constituency | Member of Parliament for Hampstead and Kilburn 2010–2015 |
Succeeded by Tulip Siddiq |
|