Hawaii's 2nd congressional district

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
Hawaii's 2nd congressional district - since January 3, 2013.
Current Representative		Tulsi Gabbard (D–Honolulu)
Distribution	83.65% urban, 16.35% rural
Population (2010)	699,332[1]
Median income	$48,686
Ethnicity	29.8% White, 1.6% Black, 28.8% Asian, 9.0% Hispanic, 0.4% Native American
Cook PVI	D+21

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The district encompasses all rural and most suburban areas of Oahu/Honolulu County, as well as the entire state outside of Oahu. Besides Honolulu, the district includes the counties of Kauai, Maui, Kalawao and Hawaii ("the big island"). The district spans 331 miles. The most populous community entirely within the district is Hilo. Major segments of the economy include tourism, ranching and agriculture, especially pineapple and sugarcane cultivation.

The district is represented by Democrat Tulsi Gabbard.

History

When Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, both new states were granted one at-large Representative to Congress pending the next United States Census. In the reapportionment following the 1960 U.S. Census, Hawaii was entitled to a second U.S. Representative. Instead of creating two congressional districts, the state continued to elect its U.S. Representatives at-large. Two representatives were first elected in 1962 and Hawaii was first represented by two U.S. Representatives on January 2, 1963 upon the convening of the 88th Congress.

The 2nd Congressional District was created in 1971 when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing an at-large U.S. Representative statewide.

Political profile

Historically, the 2nd Congressional District has been the more Democratic of the state's two districts, with a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+21.

In 2004, President George W. Bush received 44 percent of the vote in this district to 56 percent for Democrat John Kerry.

In 2008, Democrat and Hawaii native Barack Obama carried this district overwhelmingly with 73 percent of the vote.

Election results from presidential races

Year	Office	Result[2]
2000	President	Gore 56% - Bush 36%
2004	President	Kerry 56% - Bush 44%
2008	President	Obama 73% - McCain 25%
2012	President	Obama 71% - Romney 27%

Residency requirement

Under the U.S. Constitution, a candidate for this district only has to be a resident of Hawaii, but does not have to live in the district itself. The first non-resident to be elected to this U.S. House seat was Ed Case, a Honolulu attorney, though Case was born and raised on the Big Island of Hawaii. The home state office of the Second Congressional District is at the Prince Kuhio Federal Building near Honolulu Harbor.

List of representatives

Representative	Party	Years	Congress(es)	Notes
Patsy Mink	Democratic	January 3, 1971 — January 3, 1977	92nd 93rd 94th	Redistricted from the At-large seat, and re-elected here in 1970 Re-elected in 1974 Retired to run for U.S. Senator
Daniel Akaka	Democratic	January 3, 1977 — May 15, 1990	95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st	Elected in 1976 Re-elected in 1978 Re-elected in 1980 Re-elected in 1982 Re-elected in 1984 Re-elected in 1986 Re-elected in 1988 Resigned when appointed to the U.S. Senate
Vacant		May 15, 1990 — September 22, 1990	101st
Patsy Mink	Democratic	September 22, 1990 — September 28, 2002	101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th	Elected to finish Akaka's term Re-elected in 1990 Re-elected in 1992 Re-elected in 1994 Re-elected in 1996 Re-elected in 1998 Re-elected in 2000 Died, but re-elected posthumously
Vacant		September 28, 2002 — November 30, 2002
Ed Case	Democratic	November 30, 2002 — January 3, 2003	107th	Elected to finish Mink's term in the 107th Congress Congress ended before the January 4, 2003 special election to the next Congress.
Vacant		January 3, 2003 — January 4, 2003
Ed Case	Democratic	January 4, 2003 — January 3, 2007	107th 108th 109th	Elected to finish Mink's term in the 108th Congress Re-elected in 2004 Retired to run for U.S. Senator
Mazie Hirono	Democratic	January 3, 2007 — January 3, 2013	110th 111th 112th	Elected in 2006 Re-elected in 2008 Re-elected in 2010 Retired to run for U.S. Senator
Tulsi Gabbard	Democratic	January 3, 2013 — Present	113th 114th	Elected in 2012 Re-elected in 2014

Election results

1970 • 1972 • 1974 • 1976 • 1978 • 1980 • 1982 • 1984 • 1986 • 1988 • 1990 (Special) • 1990 • 1992 • 1994 • 1996 • 1998 • 2000 • 2002 • 2002 (Special) • 2003 (Special) • 2004 • 2006 • 2008 • 2010 • 2012

1970

United States House of Representatives elections, 1970[3]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink	91,038	100.00
Total votes			91,038	100.0
	Democratic win (new seat)

1972

United States House of Representatives elections, 1972[4]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	79,856	57.08
	Republican	Diana Hansen-Young	60,043	42.92
Total votes			139,899	100.0
	Democratic hold

1974

United States House of Representatives elections, 1974[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	86,916	62.58
	Republican	Carla W. Coray	51,984	37.42
Total votes			138,900	100.0
	Democratic hold

1976

United States House of Representatives elections, 1976[6]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka	124,116	79.51
	Republican	Hank Inouye	23,917	15.32
	Independents for Godly Government	Bill Penaroza	3,461	2.22
	People's Party	Dexter Cate	2,408	1.54
	Libertarian	Don Smith	2,197	1.41
Total votes			156,099	100.0
	Democratic hold

1978

United States House of Representatives elections, 1978[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	118,272	85.73
	Republican	Charlie Isaak	15,697	11.38
	Libertarian	Amelia L. Fritts	3,988	2.89
Total votes			137,957	100.0
	Democratic hold

1980

United States House of Representatives elections, 1980[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	141,477	89.90
	Libertarian	Don Smith	15,903	10.10
Total votes			157,380	100.0
	Democratic hold

1982

United States House of Representatives elections, 1982[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	132,072	89.23
	Nonpartisan	Gregory B. Mills	9,080	6.14
	Libertarian	Amelia L. Fritts	6,856	4.63
Total votes			148,008	100.0
	Democratic hold

1984

United States House of Representatives elections, 1984[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	112,377	82.18
	Republican	A.D. (Al) Shipley	20,000	14.63
	Libertarian	Amelia L. Fritts	4,364	3.19
Total votes			136,741	100.0
	Democratic hold

1986

United States House of Representatives elections, 1986[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	123,830	76.05
	Republican	Maria M. Hustace	35,371	21.73
	Libertarian	Ken Schoolland	3,618	2.22
Total votes			162,819	100.0
	Democratic hold

1988

United States House of Representatives elections, 1988[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	144,802	88.94
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	18,006	11.06
Total votes			162,808	100.0
	Democratic hold

1990 (Special)

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, 1990[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink	51,841	37.35
	Democratic	Mufi Hannemann	50,164	36.14
	Democratic	Ron Menor	23,629	17.02
	Republican	Andy Poepoe	8,872	6.39
	Republican	Stanley Monsef	2,264	1.63
	Democratic	Duane A. Black	1,242	0.90
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	791	0.57
Total votes			138,803	100.0
	Democratic hold

1990

United States House of Representatives elections, 1990[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	118,155	66.27
	Republican	Andy Poepoe	54,625	30.64
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	5,508	3.09
Total votes			178,288	100.0
	Democratic hold

1992

United States House of Representatives elections, 1992[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	131,454	72.65
	Republican	Kamuela Price	40,070	22.14
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	9,431	5.21
Total votes			180,955	100.0
	Democratic hold

1994

United States House of Representatives elections, 1994[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	124,431	70.14
	Republican	Robert H. (Lopaka) Garner	42,891	24.18
	Libertarian	Larry Bartley	10,074	5.68
Total votes			177,396	100.0
	Democratic hold

1996

United States House of Representatives elections, 1996[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	109,178	60.33
	Republican	Tom Pico, Jr.	55,729	30.80
	Nonpartisan	Nolan Crabbe	7,723	4.27
	Libertarian	James M. Keefe	4,769	2.64
	Natural Law	Amanda (Mandy) Toulon	3,564	1.97
Total votes			180,963	100.0
	Democratic hold

1998

United States House of Representatives elections, 1998[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	144,254	69.40
	Republican	Carol J. Douglass	50,423	24.25
	Libertarian	Noreen Leilehua Chun	13,194	6.35
Total votes			207,871	100.0
	Democratic hold

2000

United States House of Representatives elections, 2000[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	112,856	61.59
	Republican	Russ Francis	65,906	35.97
	Libertarian	Lawrence G.K. Duquesne	4,468	2.44
Total votes			183,230	100.0
	Democratic hold

2002

United States House of Representatives elections, 2002[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	100,671	56.16
	Republican	Bob McDermott	71,661	39.98
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	4,719	2.63
	Natural Law	Nick Bedworth	2,200	1.23
Total votes			179,251	100.0
	Democratic hold

2002 (Special)

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, 2002[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ed Case	23,576	51.44
	Democratic	John Mink	16,624	36.27
	Republican	John Carroll	1,933	4.22
	Republican	Whitney Anderson	942	2.06
	No party	34 others	2,754	5.96%
Total votes			46,216	100.0
	Democratic hold

2003 (Special)

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, 2003[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ed Case (incumbent)	33,002	43.24
	Democratic	Matt Matsunaga	23,050	30.20
	Democratic	Colleen Hanabusa	6,046	7.92
	Republican	Barbara Marumoto	4,497	5.89
	Republican	Bob McDermott	4,298	5.63
	No party	39 others	5,435	7.12%
Total votes			76,328	100.0
	Democratic hold

2004

United States House of Representatives elections, 2004[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ed Case (incumbent)	133,317	62.77
	Republican	Mike Gabbard	79,072	37.23
Total votes			212,389	100.0
	Democratic hold

2006

United States House of Representatives elections, 2006[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Mazie Hirono	106,906	61.04
	Republican	Bob Hogue	68,244	38.96
Total votes			175,150	100.0
	Democratic hold

2008

United States House of Representatives elections, 2008[25]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Mazie Hirono (incumbent)	165,748	76.06
	Republican	Roger B. Evans	44,425	20.39
	Independent	Shaun Stenshol	4,042	1.86
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	3,699	1.70
Total votes			217,914	100.0
	Democratic hold

2010

United States House of Representatives elections, 2010[26]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Mazie Hirono (incumbent)	132,290	72.19
	Republican	John W. Willoughby	46,404	25.32
	Libertarian	Pat Brock	3,254	1.78
	Nonpartisan	Andrew V. Von Sonn	1,310	0.72
Total votes			183,258	100.0
	Democratic hold

2012

United States House of Representatives elections, 2012[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Tulsi Gabbard	168,466	80.54
	Republican	Kawika Crowley	40,697	19.45
		Blank Votes	5,631	N/A
		Over Votes	73	N/A
Total votes			214,867	100
	Democratic hold

2014

Hawaii's 2nd Congressional District, 2014[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Tulsi Gabbard (Incumbent)	142,010	78.7%
	Republican	Kawika Crowley	33,630	18.6%
	Libertarian	Joe Kent	4,693	2.6%
Total votes			180,333	100
	Democratic hold

Living former Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Hawaii's 2nd congressional district

As of October 2015, there are three former members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Hawaii's 2nd congressional district who are currently alive.

Representative	Term in office	Date of birth (and age)
Daniel Akaka	1977–1990	September 11, 1924
Ed Case	2002–2007	September 27, 1952
Mazie Hirono	2007–2013	November 3, 1947

Historical district boundaries

2003 - 2013

See also

• Hawaii's congressional districts
• List of United States congressional districts

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

1. "United States Census". http://www.census.gov/. Retrieved 22 July 2014. External link in |website= (help)
2. Hawaii Office of Elections: Election results separated by year. Accessed February 11, 2015.
3. 1970 Election Results
4. 1972 Election Results
5. 1974 Election Results
6. 1976 Election Results
7. 1978 Election Results
8. 1980 Election Results
9. 1982 Election Results
10. 1984 Election Results
11. 1986 Election Results
12. 1988 Election Results
13. 1990 Special Election Results
14. 1990 Election Results
15. 1992 Election Results
16. 1994 Election Results
17. 1996 Election Results
18. 1998 Election Results
19. 2000 Election Results
20. 2002 Election Results
21. 2002 Special Election Results
22. 2003 Special Election Results
23. 2004 Election Results
24. 2006 Election Results
25. 2008 Election Results
26. 2010 Election Results
27. 2012 Election Results
28. "Hawaii General Election 2014" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2014-12-18.

Coordinates: 19°48′35″N 155°30′22″W / 19.80972°N 155.50611°W