Haplogroup O-M176

Haplogroup O-M176
Possible time of origin 6,300 [95% CI 600–37,000] years ago (Katoh 2004)
Possible place of origin Manchuria or a nearby part of northern East Asia
Ancestor O-P31
Defining mutations M176/SRY465, P49, 022454
Highest frequencies

Japanese, Koreans, Ryukyuans, Manchus:

In human population genetics, Y-Chromosome haplogroups define the major lineages of direct paternal (male) lines back to a shared common ancestor in Africa. Haplogroup O-M176 (aka O-SRY465) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is best known for its part in the settlement of Korea and Japan. It is a descendant of Haplogroup O-P31.

Distribution

Haplogroup O-M176 is found mainly in the northernmost parts of East Asia, from the Uriankhai and Zakhchin peoples of western Mongolia (Katoh 2004) to the Japanese of Japan, though it also has been detected sporadically in the Buryats (Jin 2003) and Udegeys (Jin 2010) of southern Siberia, very rarely among populations of Southeast Asia including Indonesia (Hammer 2006 and Jin 2003), the Philippines (Jin 2003), Thailand (Jin 2003), and Vietnam (Hammer 2006 and Jin 2003), and Micronesians (Hammer 2006). This haplogroup is found with its highest frequency and diversity values among modern populations of Japan and Korea and is absent from most populations in China, but it has been detected in some samples of Han Chinese from Beijing (Jin 2003), Xi'an (1/34, Kim 2011), Jiangsu (Lu 2008), Wuhan (1/160),[1] South China outside of Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Shanghai (1/65),[2] and Taiwan (1/34 Hakka and 1/258 other miscellaneous Han),[3] and Daurs (Xue 2006), Hezhes (Xue 2006), Koreans in China (Xue 2006 and Katoh 2004), Manchus (Xue 2006, Katoh 2004, and Karafet 2001), Sibes (Xue 2006), and Kham Tibetans.[4]

Subclade distribution

Paragroup O-M176*

Only branches of this haplogroup that are labeled as Haplogroup O-M176*, i.e., those that do not exhibit the 47z mutation, have been detected among the indigenous populations of Inner Mongolia and northern Manchuria, and even then they are found only at very low frequencies. However, Haplogroup O-M176* Y-chromosomes have been detected with high frequency in Korea, where they account for between 14% (Jin 2003, Jin 2009, and Xue 2006) to 33% (Hammer 2006) of the Korean male population.

O-47z

Haplogroup O-47z
Possible time of origin 7,870 [95% CI 5,720–12,630] years ago (Hammer 2006)
Possible place of origin Japanese Archipelago(Hammer 2006)　or　Korean Peninsula(see Jin 2003)
Ancestor O-M176
Defining mutations 47z
Highest frequencies

Include:

The O-47z subclade of O-M176. The first is that it arose in pre-Neolithic Japan and then spread outwards during the Neolithic.

Japan origin

A subclade of Haplogroup O-M176, Haplogroup O-47z, is found with high frequency among the Japanese people and Ryukyuan populations of Japan. It was likely born there to members of the parent lineage who colonized the Japanese Archipelago much earlier, with the subgroup O-47z subsequently evolving within the proto-Japanese-Ryukyuan population of the western parts of the archipelago. This is suggested by the presence of the parent line's paragroup, O-M176*, among Japanese, although at a relatively low frequency of approximately 4% (Xue 2006) to 8% (Nonaka 2007).

Neolithic expansion

Haplogroup O-47z has also been detected in approximately 22% of all males who speak a Japonic language, while it has not been found at all among a total of twenty Ainu males whose Y-DNA has been sampled in two genetic studies (Hammer 2006 and Tajima 2004). Based on the STR haplotype diversity within Haplogroup O-47z, it has been estimated that this haplogroup began to experience a population expansion among the proto-Japanese of approximately 4,000 years ago. Haplogroup O-47z also has been found among samples of modern Koreans, though with low frequency in comparison to both the frequency of O-47z in samples of Japanese and the frequency of O-M176(x47z) in samples of Koreans.

O-L682

Haplogroup O-L682
Possible time of origin 5,000 years ago
Possible place of origin Korean Peninsula or Manchuria
Ancestor O-M176, O-F3356
Defining mutations L682
Highest frequencies

Include:

The O-L682 subclade of O-M176, is believed to be related to Native Korean population.

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic history

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) (α) (β) (γ) (δ) (ε) (ζ) (η) YCC 2002 (Longhand) YCC 2005 (Longhand) YCC 2008 (Longhand) YCC 2010r (Longhand) ISOGG 2006 ISOGG 2007 ISOGG 2008 ISOGG 2009 ISOGG 2010 ISOGG 2011 ISOGG 2012
O-M17526VII1U28Eu16H9IO*OOOOOOOOOO
O-M11926VII1U32Eu16H9HO1*O1aO1aO1aO1aO1aO1aO1aO1aO1aO1a
O-M10126VII1U32Eu16H9HO1aO1a1O1a1aO1a1aO1a1O1a1O1a1aO1a1aO1a1aO1a1aO1a1a
O-M5026VII1U32Eu16H10HO1bO1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2
O-P3126VII1U33Eu16H5IO2*O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2
O-M9526VII1U34Eu16H11GO2a*O2aO2aO2aO2aO2aO2aO2aO2aO2a1O2a1
O-M8826VII1U34Eu16H12GO2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1aO2a1a
O-SRY46520VII1U35Eu16H5IO2b*O2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2b
O-47z5VII1U26Eu16H5IO2b1O2b1aO2b1O2b1O2b1aO2b1aO2b1O2b1O2b1O2b1O2b1
O-M12226VII1U29Eu16H6LO3*O3O3O3O3O3O3O3O3O3O3
O-M12126VII1U29Eu16H6LO3aO3aO3a1O3a1O3a1O3a1O3a1O3a1O3a1O3a1aO3a1a
O-M16426VII1U29Eu16H6LO3bO3bO3a2O3a2O3a2O3a2O3a2O3a2O3a2O3a1bO3a1b
O-M15913VII1U31Eu16H6LO3cO3cO3a3aO3a3aO3a3O3a3O3a3aO3a3aO3a3aO3a3aO3a3a
O-M726VII1U29Eu16H7LO3d*O3cO3a3bO3a3bO3a4O3a4O3a3bO3a3bO3a3bO3a2bO3a2b
O-M11326VII1U29Eu16H7LO3d1O3c1O3a3b1O3a3b1-O3a4aO3a3b1O3a3b1O3a3b1O3a2b1O3a2b1
O-M13426VII1U30Eu16H8LO3e*O3dO3a3cO3a3cO3a5O3a5O3a3cO3a3cO3a3cO3a2c1O3a2c1
O-M11726VII1U30Eu16H8LO3e1*O3d1O3a3c1O3a3c1O3a5aO3a5aO3a3c1O3a3c1O3a3c1O3a2c1aO3a2c1a
O-M16226VII1U30Eu16H8LO3e1aO3d1aO3a3c1aO3a3c1aO3a5a1O3a5a1O3a3c1aO3a3c1aO3a3c1aO3a2c1a1O3a2c1a1

Original research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.

Phylogenetic trees

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup O subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree (Karafet 2008) and subsequent published research.

Table of frequencies of O-M176

Population Frequency Sample Size SNPs Source
Korean (Gangweon)0.39763M176(x47z)=20
47z=5		Kim 2011
Korean (National Biobank of Korea)0.377300M176(x47z)=88
47z=25		Park 2013
South Korea0.37375M176/P49(x47z)=25
47z=3		Hammer 2006
Japanese (Shizuoka)0.3446147z=13
M176/P49(x47z)=8		Hammer 2006
Korean (Daejeon)0.338133M176(x47z)=30
47z=15		Park 2012
Japanese0.33526347z=66
M176/JST022454(x47z)=22		Nonaka 2007
Korean (Jeju)0.32287M176(x47z)=20
47z=8		Kim 2011
Japanese (Kyushu)0.3215347z=15
M176/P49(x47z)=2		Hammer 2006
Korean (Seoul)0.316573M176(x47z)=125
47z=56		Park 2012
Korean (Jeolla)0.31190M176(x47z)=21
47z=7		Kim 2011
Japanese (Aomori)0.3082647z=7
M176/P49(x47z)=1		Hammer 2006
Korean (Chungcheong)0.30672M176(x47z)=15
47z=7		Kim 2011
Japanese (Tokushima)0.3007047z=17
M176/P49(x47z)=4		Hammer 2006
Korean (Gyeongsang)0.29884M176(x47z)=15
47z=10		Kim 2011
Japanese0.29315747z=38
M176(x47z)=8		Kim 2011
Korean (Seoul/Gyeonggi)0.282110M176(x47z)=23
47z=8		Kim 2011
Korean (PRC)0.28025M176(x47z)=5
47z=2		Xue 2006
Korean (Korea)0.27943M176(x47z)=6
47z=6		Xue 2006
Japanese0.2774747z=11
M176(x47z)=2		Xue 2006
Manchurians0.2714847z=9
M176(x47z)=4		Jin 2009
Korean (Seoul & Daejeon)0.269216M176(x47z)=37
47z=21		Kim 2007
Japanese0.26210747z=21
M176(x47z)=7		Jin 2009
Okinawa0.2224547z=5
M176/P49(x47z)=5		Hammer 2006
Korean0.201154M176(x47z)=22
47z=9		Jin 2009
Indonesians0.19436M176(x47z)=6
47z=1		Jin 2009
Vietnamese0.17141M176(x47z)=5
47z=2		Jin 2009
Indonesia (West)0.16025M176/P49(x47z)=2
47z=2		Hammer 2006
Han (Yunnan)0.09841M176(x47z)=4Jin 2009
Vietnamese0.08348M176(x47z)=2
47z=2		Kim 2011
Indonesian0.08137M176(x47z)=3Kim 2011
Han (Beijing)0.06265M176(x47z)=4Jin 2009
Micronesia0.05917M176/P49(x47z)=1Hammer 2006
Manchu0.05735M176(x47z)=2Xue 2006
Hezhe (PRC)0.04445M176(x47z)=2Xue 2006
Vietnam0.0437047z=2
M176/P49(x47z)=1		Hammer 2006
Thai0.0405047z=2Jin 2009
Manchu0.03852M176/P49(x47z)=2Hammer 2006
Manchurian0.03330M176(x47z)=1Kim 2011
Han (Xi'an)0.02934M176(x47z)=1Kim 2011
Buryat0.02836M176(x47z)=1Kim 2011
Daur0.02639M176(x47z)=1Xue 2006
Thai0.0254047z=1Kim 2011
Evenk (PRC)0.02441M176/P49(x47z)=1Hammer 2006
Xibe0.02441M176(x47z)=1Xue 2006
Buryat0.02050M176(x47z)=1Jin 2009
Han (Beijing)0.02051M176(x47z)=1Kim 2011
Philippines0.01469M176(x47z)=1Jin 2009
Zhuang0.00020M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Oroqen0.00022M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Evenk (PRC)0.00026M176=0Xue 2006
Alor0.00028M176=0Karafet 2010
Han (Lanzhou)0.00030M176=0Xue 2006
Even0.00031M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Oroqen0.00031M176=0Xue 2006
Uyghur (Urumqi)0.00031M176=0Xue 2006
Han (Yili)0.00032M176=0Xue 2006
Malay0.00032M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Australian aborigines0.00033M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Qiang0.00033M176=0Xue 2006
Han (Chengdu)0.00034M176=0Xue 2006
Hani (PRC)0.00034M176=0Xue 2006
Li0.00034M176=0Xue 2006
She0.00034M176=0Xue 2006
Buyi0.00035M176=0Xue 2006
Han (Harbin)0.00035M176=0Xue 2006
Han (Meixian)0.00035M176=0Xue 2006
Hui (PRC)0.00035M176=0Xue 2006
Tibetan0.00035M176=0Xue 2006
Yao (Bama)0.00035M176=0Xue 2006
Yao (Liannan)0.00035M176=0Xue 2006
Batak Toba (Sumatra)0.00038M176=0Karafet 2010
Uyghur (Yili)0.00039M176=0Xue 2006
Han (Guangdong)0.00040M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Yi (Butuo, Sichuan)0.00043M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Northern Han0.00044M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Khalkh0.00045M176=0Kim 2011
Mongol (Inner Mongolia)0.00045M176=0Xue 2006
Papua New Guinea0.00046M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Khalkh0.00048M176=0Jin 2009
Philippines0.00048M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Taiwanese aborigines0.00048M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Tujia0.00049M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
She0.00051M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Melanesia0.00053M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Mandar (Sulawesi)0.00054M176=0Karafet 2010
Indonesia (East)0.00055M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Miao0.00058M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Han (Yunnan)0.00060M176=0Kim 2011
Nias0.00060M176=0Karafet 2010
Polynesia0.00060M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Yao0.00060M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Java0.00061M176=0Karafet 2010
Filipino0.00064M176=0Kim 2011
Mongol (Outer Mongolia)0.00065M176=0Xue 2006
Uyghur0.00067M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Mentawai0.00074M176=0Karafet 2010
Buryat0.00081M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Han (Taiwan)0.00084M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Borneo0.00086M176=0Karafet 2010
Sri Lanka0.00091M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Lembata0.00092M176=0Karafet 2010
Evenk (Russia)0.00095M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Altai0.00098M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Tibet0.000105M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Mongolia0.000149M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Sumba0.000350M176=0Karafet 2010
Flores0.000394M176=0Karafet 2010
India0.000405M176/P49=0Hammer 2006
Bali0.000641M176=0Karafet 2010

See also

Genetics

Y-DNA O subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T [χ 3]
A0 A1[χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1 F2 F3 GHIJK
G HIJK
H IJK
IJ K
I J LT [χ 5]  K2
L T NO [χ 6] K2b [χ 7]   K2c K2d K2e [χ 8]
N O K2b1 [χ 9]    P
M S [χ 10] Q R
  1. ↑ Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.
  2. ↑ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
  3. ↑ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A0'1'2'3'4.
  4. ↑ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
  5. ↑ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
  6. ↑ Haplogroup NO (M214) is also known as Haplogroup K2a (although the present Haplogroup K2e was also previously known as "K2a").
  7. ↑ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
  8. ↑ Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a, also known as Haplogroup NO).
  9. ↑ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is similar to the former Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
  10. ↑ Haplogroup S (S-M230) was previously known as Haplogroup K5.

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 238/744=32.0% O-M176 in a pool of all Japanese samples of (Xue 2006), (Katoh 2004), (Jin 2009), (Nonaka 2007), and all non-Ainu and non-Okinawan Japanese samples of (Hammer 2006).
  2. ↑ 202/677=29.8% O-M176 in a pool of all ethnic Korean samples of (Hammer 2006), (Xue 2006), (Katoh 2004), (Kim 2007), and (Park 2013).
  3. ↑ 30/132=22.7% O-M176 in a pool of all Okinawan data from (Hammer 2006) and (Nonaka 2007)
  4. ↑ 45/232=19.4% O-M176 in a pool of all Manchu samples of (Karafet 2001), (Jin 2003), (Katoh 2004), and (Xue 2006))
  5. ↑ 150/628=23.9% O-47z in a pool of all non-Ainu and non-Okinawan Japanese samples of (Jin 2003), (Hammer 2006), (Xue 2006), and (Nonaka 2007)
  6. ↑ 22/132=16.7% O-47z in a pool of all Okinawan samples of Hammer 2006 and Nonaka 2007
  7. ↑ 41/519=7.9% O-47z in a pool of all ethnic Korean samples of (Jin 2003), (Hammer 2006), (Xue 2006), and (Kim 2007)
  8. ↑ 9/135=6.7% O-47z in a pool of all "Manchu" or "Manchurian" samples of (Hammer 2006), (Xue 2006), and (Jin 2009)
  9. ↑ 41/519=7.9% O-L682 in a pool of all ethnic Korean samples of (Yoo 2014), (Katoh 2004), and (Kim 2011)
  10. ↑ 22/132=16.7% O-47z in a pool of all Okinawan samples of Hammer 2006 and Nonaka 2007
  11. ↑ 150/628=23.9% O-47z in a pool of all non-Ainu and non-Okinawan Japanese samples of (Jin 2003), (Hammer 2006), (Xue 2006), and (Nonaka 2007)
  12. ↑ 9/135=6.7% O-47z in a pool of all "Manchu" or "Manchurian" samples of (Hammer 2006), (Xue 2006), and (Jin 2009)

Works cited

  1. ↑ Huang Dai-Xin, Yang Qing-En, Yin Hui et al., "Genetic Polymorphism of 23 Y Chromosome Biallelic Markers in Wuhan Han Population," HEREDITAS (Beijing) 28 (7) 791~798, 2006
  2. ↑ Yan, Shi; Chuan-Chao, Wang; Hui, Li; Li, Shi-Lin; Jin, Li; Schurr, Theodore G; Santos, Fabricio R; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Comas, David; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Zalloua, Pierre A; Balanovska, Elena; Balanovsky, Oleg; John Mitchell, R; Jin, Li; Soodyall, Himla; Pitchappan, Ramasamy; Cooper, Alan; Matisoo-Smith, Lisa; Royyuru, Ajay K; Platt, Daniel E; Parida, Laxmi; Blue-Smith, Jason; Soria Hernanz, David F; Spencer Wells, R (2011). "An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4". European Journal of Human Genetics 19 (9): 1013–1015. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.64. PMC 3179364. PMID 21505448.
  3. ↑ Jean A Trejaut, Estella S Poloni, Ju-Chen Yen et al. (2014), "Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia." BMC Genetics 15:77. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/15/77
  4. ↑ Wang C-C, Wang L-X, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang X-Y, et al. (2014) "Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor." PLoS ONE 9(8): e103772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103772
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