Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton

The Right Honourable
The Viscount Wolverhampton
PC
Secretary of State for India
In office
10 March 1894  21 June 1895
Monarch Victoria
Prime Minister The Earl of Rosebery
Preceded by The Earl of Kimberley
Succeeded by Lord George Hamilton
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office
10 December 1905  13 October 1908
Monarch Edward VII
Prime Minister Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Herbert Henry Asquith
Preceded by Sir William Walrond, Bt
Succeeded by The Lord Fitzmaurice
Lord President of the Council
In office
13 October 1908  16 June 1910
Monarch Edward VII
George V
Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith
Preceded by The Lord Tweedmouth
Succeeded by The Lord Beauchamp
Personal details
Born 16 May 1830 (1830-05-16)
Sunderland, County Durham. England
Died 25 February 1911 (1911-02-26) (aged 80)
Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England
Nationality British
Political party Liberal

Henry Hartley Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton PC (16 May 1830 – 25 February 1911), was a British solicitor and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 until 1908 when he was raised to the peerage. A member of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, he was the first solicitor and the first Methodist to enter the Cabinet or to be raised to the peerage.[1]

Early life

Fowler was born in Sunderland, the son of Rev, Joseph Fowler. He was educated at Woodhouse Grove School, Apperley Bridge, Bradford (1840-42) and later at St. Saviour's Grammar School, Southwark.

He moved to Wolverhampton and was admitted as a solicitor in 1852. He served as a local councillor and was Mayor of Wolverhampton in 1866. He was chairman of Wolverhampton School Board in 1870, and was a Deputy Lieutenant for Staffordshire and JP for Wolverhampton.[2]

Political career

At the 1880 general election Fowler was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Wolverhampton,[3] a seat he held until the borough was divided under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.[4] He then was then returned at the 1885 general election as the MP for Wolverhampton East,[5] and held that seat until he was ennobled in 1908.[6] He served under William Ewart Gladstone as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1884 to 1885, as Financial Secretary to the Treasury in 1886 and as President of the Local Government Board from 1892 to 1894 and under Lord Rosebery as Secretary of State for India from 1894 to 1895. In 1886 he was sworn of the Privy Council.

Fowler later held office under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1905 and 1908. The latter year he was raised to the peerage as Viscount Wolverhampton, of Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, and served under Asquith as Lord President of the Council until 1910. He was widely thought of as a future Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, but his ill health prevented this.

In his approach to policymaking, according to Neil Smith, Sir Henry Fowler (who became Viscount Wolverhampton in 1908) was supportive of reform legislation, such as in areas like pensions, education, and the Poor Law.[7] According to Wolverhampton’s private secretary, however, he did not have “the patience to suffer Radical and Labour members gladly.”[8]

He was an elected President of The Law Society 1901–02.[9]

Lord Wolverhampton died in February 1911, aged 80.

Family

Fowler married Ellen Thorneycroft, daughter of ironmaster and first Mayor of Wolverhampton, George Benjamin Thorneycroft, in 1857. They had a son and two daughters.

Their son Henry succeeded to the viscountcy. Their daughters were the authors the Hon. Ellen Thorneycroft Fowler and the Hon. Edith Henrietta Fowler.

Viscountess Wolverhampton's great nephew was Peter Thorneycroft, Baron Thorneycroft.

References

  1. ODNB Online, article "Fowler, Henry Hartley" (accessed 2 July 2010)
  2. Debretts Guide to the House of Commons 1886
  3. The London Gazette: no. 24829. p. 2359. 2 April 1880. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  4. Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1977]. British parliamentary election results 1832–1885 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 339. ISBN 0-900178-26-4.
  5. The London Gazette: no. 25541. p. 6139. 18 December 1885. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  6. Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1974]. British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 212. ISBN 0-900178-27-2.
  7. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10241/1/10241_7035.PDF?UkUDh:CyT
  8. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uimPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=Henry+Fowler+new+liberalism&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDAQ6AEwA2oVChMI14DolIykxwIVgQXbCh0cYwJD#v=onepage&q=Henry%20Fowler%20new%20liberalism&f=false
  9. "The Law Society" The Times (London). Saturday, 26 April 1902. (36752), p. 8.

External links

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Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Hon. Charles Pelham Villiers
Thomas Matthias Weguelin
Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton
18801885
With: Hon. Charles Pelham Villiers
Constituency divided
see Wolverhampton East
Wolverhampton South
Wolverhampton West
New constituency
Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton East
18851908
Succeeded by
George Rennie Thorne
Political offices
Preceded by
George Lees Underhill
Mayor of Wolverhampton
1862–1863
Succeeded by
John Hawksford
Preceded by
John Tomlinson Hibbert
Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department
1884–1885
Succeeded by
Charles Stuart-Wortley
Preceded by
William Jackson
Financial Secretary to the Treasury
February 1886 – July 1886
Succeeded by
William Jackson
Preceded by
Charles Ritchie
President of the Local Government Board
1892–1894
Succeeded by
George Shaw-Lefevre
Preceded by
The Earl of Kimberley
Secretary of State for India
1894–1895
Succeeded by
Lord George Hamilton
Preceded by
Sir William Walrond, Bt
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1905–1908
Succeeded by
The Lord Fitzmaurice
Preceded by
The Lord Tweedmouth
Lord President of the Council
1908–1910
Succeeded by
The Earl Beauchamp
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Viscount Wolverhampton
1908–1911
Succeeded by
Henry Fowler
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